Zuciya na tsuntsaye: tsarin da kuma siffofin da jijiyoyi

Birds - musamman kungiyar gomoyoternyh kwayoyin wanda salon da ake dangantawa da ikon, kamar tashi. Yana yiwuwa a karkashin yanayin wuya aikin sternum tsokoki da kuma forelimbs - fuka-fuki. Wannan tsari, bi da bi, bayar da a ci gaba da wadata na myocyte oxygen da kuma gina jiki, musamman glucose.

Jini - shi ne wani abu da transports su a kusa da jiki da kuma ta motsi dogara a kan m ayyuka na zuciya - famfo, da ruwa ne pumped tirelessly connective nama. Transfer na oxyhemoglobin kuma Organic abubuwa samar da jijiyoyi da tsuntsaye. Zuciya - babban Gabar da circulates jini. Musamman ta sifa da aiki za a tattauna a wannan labarin.

Features na jijiyoyi

M metabolism a cikin tsuntsaye ne zai yiwu saboda dalilai guda biyu. Farko - hawan jini, sa wani babban jini ya kwarara a cikin jijiyoyi da kuma jijiyoyinmu ko. Na biyu - da bayani dalla-dalla na jinin samar da huhu. Zuciya tsuntsaye hudu, hagu da kuma dama part ba ruwaito (akwai cikakken bangare), don haka da jini ba Mix: gefen hagu motsi jijiya, da dama - venous. A musayar abubuwa shafi tsuntsaye irin wannan factor kamar yadda ya wuce ta hanyar da kodan ba kawai jijiya (as a dabbobi masu shayarwa), amma kuma a kan portal venous jini jirgin ruwa tsarin haka da cewa ruwa metabolites daga gare su, maimakon urea kafa uric acid. Next: jini Kwayoyin - ja jini Kwayoyin - wakilai daga Aves aji ne da zuciyar, wanda qara lifespan daga wadannan Kwayoyin. Daga hagu ventricle na zuciya zo babbar jijiya jirgin ruwa - na lakã. Yana yana da hakkin baka, bifurcation wadda take kaiwa ga samuwar hagu da kuma dama innominate jijiya, wanda samar da kai da kuma fuka-fuki na tsuntsaye da gina jiki da kuma oxygen.

zuciya haltta

Kamar yadda wani m murdede sashin jiki, shi ne located a gefen dama daga cikin kirji da kuma rufe pericardium - da pericardium. A gaban sternum zuciya tsuntsaye partially rufe da ƙarin numfashi gabobin - iska sacs. Yana yana cikin siffar wani mazugi, da tip na wanda occupies wani tsaka-tsaki matsayi tsakanin ciki da kuma hanta.

Dangane da nau'in na tsuntsu, zuciya siffar iya zama daban-daban daga kruglokonicheskoy zuwa ellipsoidal-tsawon. Wannan Sistem Gabar kunshi uku yadudduka: matsanancin - serous (epicardium), matsakaici (myocardium) da kuma ciki (endocardial). A mafi muhimmanci daga cikinsu - tsakiyar membrane, wanda ya dogara a kan tsarin da hakan aiki da kuma yadda ya dace da zuciya.

myocardium

Ya kunshi striated tsoka nama musamman tsarin cewa bambanta da zuciya tsuntsaye daga duk sauran kayan ciki, dauke da kawai m tsoka. Inboard cardiomyocytes samar da karfin kuma a ko'ina gudamawar da kaya a lokacin da raguwa. Wani muhimmin alama na zuciya tsoka - 'yancin kai na systole da diastole bẽnãye: atria da ventricles. tsokar Kwayoyin lauye, don haka jijiyar haskakawa walƙiya a kan cardiomyocytes, kuma dukan harsashi nan take rage.

ɗakunan ajiya na zuciya

Biyu atria - hagu da kuma dama, kazalika da biyu ventricles da dama siffofin hade da haltta na myocardium. Its bango ne mafi tsananin qarfi da thicker a hagu da rabi na zuciya, saboda ta na ramin zuciya jijiya jini a karkashin babban matsin da aka fitad da shi a lakã sa'an nan ya shiga cikin tsari dabam dabam. A zuciya na jini ne ko da yaushe motsi a daya shugabanci: daga atria ga ventricles sa'an nan daga hannun dama na huhu jijiya, kuma daga hagu zuwa dama aortic baka. A kan iyakar da ke tsakanin ɗakuna, suna located atrioventralnye bawuloli, kunsha na connective nama: tsoka da kuma membranous. Ba su da damar jini ya koma wani yanki na ventricle ga atrium. Zuciya tsuntsãye, tsarin ta da bẽnãye, kuma bawuloli dogara a kan kungiyar zuwa wanda shi ne ke da tsare.

A neognathae (wadannan tsuntsaye), da gaban hagu da kuma dama da kuma raya jijiyoyinmu komai a cikin dama atrium da kansa da kuma a cikin drevnenebnyh m jijiyoyinmu ci ta samar da wata ba tare da. Tsakanin shi da dama atrium, biyu daga tuhumar bawul kafa. Na farko da kungiyar qunshi wani iyali na tsuntsaye Columbiformes, Anseriformes, vorobinyh, woodpecker da sauransu. Na biyu kungiyar kunshi casuariiformes, kiviobraznye, nanduobraznye har yanzu kira bezkilevymi tsuntsãye (flightless).

wurare dabam dabam

Kamar yadda muka ambata, da zuciya na hudu-tsuntsaye. Da tsarin sa biyu dabam dabam. Kananan Circle (na huhu) zai fara a dama ventricle kuma ƙare a hagu atrium. Manyan da'irar farawa a hagu ventricle. Daga dama aortic baka arteries reshe, kuma Ya zo oxygen da kuma gina jiki ga Kwayoyin dukkan gabobin da kyallen takarda da kaji. Venous jini da aka tattara a cikin vena cava, wanda suke kunshe a dama atrium, wannan ya kammala da tsari dabam dabam.

The bayani dalla-dalla na cardiac aiki

Karatu da babban ɓangare na jijiyoyi - zuciyar wani tsuntsu, da tsarin da kuma ayyuka na kyamara - lura da cewa wannan jiki yana da wani isasshe manyan darajar da nauyi dangi da nauyi na jiki. Ga misali, da tsuntsaye, kamar bullfinches, zakara, Mandarin game da 1 - 1.3% da nauyi, da kuma jinsin tare da babban gudun da maneuverability na jirgin - to 2%.

Alal misali, tsuntsaye masu cin nama - White-tailed Eagle, Falcon - cardiac index ne game da 1.8%. Bugu da kari, tsuntsaye da cutar hawan jini da kuma bugun jini kudi jeri daga 200 zuwa 600 lashe minti daya, da kuma a lokacin da jirgin ya kai 1200 zuciya lashe.

A cikin wannan takarda, mun amsa tambaya, wane irin zuciya a cikin tsuntsaye, karatu da halaye na myocardium da kuma faye hali bayani dalla-dalla na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini aiki.