Ƙaddamar da ƙarar laifuka da karar laifuka (Mataki na ashirin na 27 na Dokar Hukuncin Shari'a)

A cikin shari'a da wallafe-wallafen akwai lokuta da yawa game da la'anta laifuka da kuma laifuka. Mutane da yawa suna tunanin cewa wannan abu ne - ƙaddamarwa ta ƙunshi ƙarewar atomatik na ɗayan. Duk da haka, wannan ba koyaushe batu.

Shari'ar laifin

Shari'ar na fara a lokacin da akwai takarda da ke nuna cewa an fara gabatar da shari'ar, wadda mai binciken ko mai bincike ya dauka. Bugu da ƙari, kafin wannan, za a iya gudanar da ayyukan farko na gaggawa, wanda, a cikin kansu, an riga an gudanar da binciken a cikin laifin.

A cikin laifin laifi, dole ne a dauki ayyuka na musamman a kowane hali, koda kuwa ba a samo wanda ake zargi ba. A cikin shari'ar na iya bayyana kamar laifi ɗaya, da dama. A lokacin, har da dacewa hukumomi suna tsunduma a burbushi da m, su ne layi daya da tattara shaida tushe: bayyanenen hujja, records na interrogations shaidu, da azabtar (ko da mutum wanda ya maye gurbin shi) ko shã'aninku laifi taron.

Idan an bayyana dukkanin yanayi kuma ba'a gano wanda ake tuhuma ba, ana dakatar da aikace-aikace har sai an sami wanda aka sami laifi. Saboda haka, a bayyane yake cewa ba a ba da mutum ɗaya ba.

Ƙaddamar da shari'ar laifin yana iya yiwuwa ne a kan filayen da aka jera a cikin tanadi na 24 na Dokar Hanyar Cutar.

Tsananta

Tsananta, daga ra'ayi na layman, an hade da kai tsaye tare da biyan, biye da sauran ayyuka.

Duk da haka, bisa ga Mataki na ashirin na 27 na CCP RF, la'anta dangane da aikin aikata laifuka aiki ne wanda ya dace da faɗakar da mutumin laifi.

Wannan hanya ne kawai za a iya aiwatar da shi ta hanyar ƙwararrun mutane masu izini - masu bincike, masu bincike da masu gabatar da kara. A adabi ambaci cewa la'anta za a iya kashe, da kuma wasu da suke da hannu a cikin al'amarin, amma a nan shi ne ya ce, shi ne kawai iya shiga a tsananta.

Manufar aikata laifuka

Mutumin da za a iya gurfanar da shi, kamar yadda Shari'a ta 27 na Code of Criminal Procedure ya gabatar da sharhi, za a iya zama jiki kawai. Dokar shari'ar ba ta bayar da alhakin biyan kuɗi na mutane ba.

Idan za a iya bude laifin laifin duk wani lamarin da ya faru, koda kuwa idan an gano mutumin da ake zargi, to amma laifin laifi zai yiwu kawai akan wani mutum (Mataki na ashirin da 27 na RF Code of Criminal Procedure tare da sharuddan 2015).

Dalilin zalunci

Hanyar aiwatar da laifuka ta laifi, kamar yadda aka riga aka gani, wani aiki ne don nuna mai gabatarwa. Don haka, an tattara hujjoji a kan gaskiyar, sakamakon abin da mutumin da ake zargin aikata laifi ya gano. Ƙarin ayyukan da ake nufi don tabbatar da wannan gaskiyar: bincika alibi, bincika, gyaran waya, kame takardun kuma ƙarin.

Saboda haka, waɗannan ayyukan suna amfani da wani mutum, kuma ba ga dukan mahalarta a cikin al'amarin ba.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa lauyan ba shi da laifi a kansa, ko da yake yana buƙatar yanke shawara don kawo ɗan ƙasa a matsayin wanda ake tuhuma, a kan abin da aka gudanar da wasu ƙididdigar kuma an tabbatar da laifin mutumin. Bisa ga Mataki na ashirin na 27 na Dokar Ta'addanci (tare da sharuddan shekarar 2014/2015), za'a iya la'akari da batun soke soke laifuka ta laifi bayan da aka kafa laifin laifuka kuma an gano wanda ake zargi.

Babban sakamako mai mahimmanci

A yayin gudanar da bincike, mai yiwuwa mutum wanda aka gurfanar da shi ba shi da laifi, wato, akwai hujjoji masu shaida na wannan gaskiyar. A wannan yanayin, ana amfani da tsarin da aka yi la'akari da shi, kuma yana yiwuwa a fara sabon batu, amma game da wani ɗan ƙasa.

Ga wadanda aka yayata daga ayyukan da suka aikata na laifi a karkashin Sashe na 1 na Mataki na ashirin na 27 na Dokar Ta'addanci ko a wasu dalilai, babu sakamakon shari'a. Da farko, ya kamata a tuna cewa zalunci bai zama mataki na ƙarshe ba, amma mataki na matsakaici. Har ila yau, ya kamata a tuna da laifin laifin, wanda ya nuna cewa mutum zai iya yin hukunci ne kawai ta hanyar yanke hukunci. A nan ne sakamakon shari'a ya fito ne a hanyar rikici, da sauransu.

Daidaita batun da kuma zalunci

Rushewar cin zarafin laifi ba yana nufin ƙaddamar da shari'ar ba, amma ba bidi'a bane ba koyaushe ba. A cikin kalmomi masu sauki, idan mutum ya dakatar da dukkan ayyukan, ba lallai su rufe wannan shari'ar - wajibi ne a sami mai laifi, tattara sabon shaida, da dai sauransu.

Duk da haka, idan an soke shari'ar laifuka a kan wasu dalilai na musamman, za a dakatar da ƙararrakin ta atomatik, bisa ga Mataki na ashirin da 27 na RF CCP, ta atomatik: babu wani akwati - babu wani mataki.

Dalilin da ya kawo karshen ƙaddamar

Don dakatar da zalunci, dole ne wasu yanayi sun hadu. Amma na farko zai zama darajar yin la'akari da abubuwan da za a kare duk ayyukan da aka yi a cikin shari'ar, tun da yake wannan ya ƙunshi sake sokewa na shari'ar. A laifi hali iya rufe (ko da yake ba m), bi da bi, a kan filaye saita fito a part 1 of Mataki na ashirin da 24 na kundin Hanya Code na Rasha Federation.

1. Idan babu wani abu mai kyau. Saboda haka, idan babu wani abu, abu da laifuffuka da suka shafi su, abun da ke ciki ba shi da shi.

2. Idan babu wani laifi. A nan muna nufin akwai wasu ayyuka, amma a gare su, saboda wasu dalilai, babu laifi a cikin laifuffuka. Duk da haka, ana iya bayar da matakai a cikin tsarin kulawa.

3. Idan wanda ake tuhuma ko mai zargi ya mutu. Duk da haka, ana iya gabatar da shari'ar (ko ba za a iya ƙare ba) idan tsarin ya zama dole domin gyara wanda ya mutu.

4. Idan babu aikace-aikacen wanda aka azabtar. Wajibi ne a wasu lokuta, a cikin lokuta ba shafi tashar jama'a ba, irin su a karkashin Mataki na ashirin da na 109 na Dokar Laifin Lafiya ta Rasha - kisa, a karkashin Sashe na 158 na wannan code - zamba, da sauransu.

Ƙarin filaye

Bugu da ƙari, idan an fara sammacin shari'a, kuma sabon majalisa ya yanke hukuncin irin wannan laifi, to, an rufe batun (ba a dakatar da shi ba).

Saboda haka, idan ba zai yiwu ba a gabatar da wani shari'ar ko kuma a kan ƙarshensa, zalunci ya ƙare. An ambaci wannan a cikin sakin layi na 2 na Sashe na 1 na Mataki na ashirin na 27 na Dokar Ta'addanci.

Duk da haka, akwai siffofi na musamman lokacin da ƙarar ƙararrakin ke haifar da ƙarewar lamarin. Saboda haka zai kasance, idan da la'anta ne a kan dukan wadanda ake zargin (kare kansu), ban da filaye ake magana a sakin layi na 1 na Part 1 of Mataki na ashirin da 27 na Code of laifuka Hanya.

Mahimman bayanai don kammala kisa

Kamar yadda muka rigaya muka gani, mai gabatar da kara ya ƙare dangane da ƙaddamar da aikace-aikace. Duk da haka, wannan ba shine yanayin da za'a iya kammalawa ba.

Bisa ga bayanin da aka yi game da Dokar Laifin Harkokin Kasa, ba za a iya dakatar da ayyuka na gaba ga dukan mahalarta ba, amma kawai ga ɗan ƙasa wanda ake zargi da laifi. A cikin bayani ga Mataki na ashirin da 27 na Code of Criminal Procedure, akwai lokuta da yawa wanda wannan ya faru:

- ba tare da sanya hannu ba;

- daftarin aiki akan amnesty;

- ƙarshen ka'idar iyaka;

- rashin amincewa da kotu don gabatar da karar wa] annan mutanen da ke da alhaki;

- Idan mutum a cikin yanayin bai samu tabbaci ba.

Hanyoyin da za a kare ta gurfanar da laifi: amnesty

Don ƙarin bayani, dole ne a yi la'akari da matsayi na ƙarshe, irin su amnesty (Mataki na ashirin da 27 na sashin RF Code of Criminal Procedure) da wasu yanayi masu rikitarwa.

Tsayar da aikace-aikacen da suka danganci amintattu ya kamata ya nuna cewa ta hanyar wannan aikin an fitar da dan kasa daga alhakin laifi. Saboda haka, dangane da mutum, dole ne amnesty ya kasance cikakke. Idan, tare da taimakon wannan takarda, kawai yanayin azabar ya canza zuwa ƙaƙaf ɗaya ko kuma kalmar ta taqaitaccen, sai ƙarar laifin ya ci gaba.

Terms da kuma shekaru

Ƙaddamar da iyakance ga aikin aiwatarwa (Magana 3 Sashi na 1, Mataki na ashirin na 27 na CCP RF) ya ƙunshi sake soke laifin aikata laifi. Alal misali, sa hannu a cikin laifin yarinya ya kasance yana raguwa ne da raguwa da ka'idar iyakoki ta rabi, bisa ga Mataki na ashirin da 94 na Dokar Laifin Laifi. Sabili da haka, idan irin wannan yanayi ya faru, zalunci ya ɓace.

Bugu da kari, shekarun kanta yana da muhimmanci. Don haka, a karkashin sashi na 3 na Mataki na ashirin na 27 na Dokar Ta'addanci, idan mutum bai kai ga balaga, ko kuma saboda rashin hankali, ba a gane abin da ya aikata ba, an gurfanar da karar shari'a.

Da wanzuwar ƙuduri

Muhimmanci shine gaban (ko ganewa) a lokacin shari'a na yanke shawara na jami'ai don kawar da aikata laifuka musamman akan wannan laifi dangane da wannan mutum. Wato, idan an bincika ko a bincika al'amarin, kuma an bayyana cewa wannan mutumin ba shi da hannu a cikin aikin, doka ta tanadi rashin yiwuwar sake mayar da mutumin da alhakin wannan laifi.

Ƙasashen

Shari'ar laifuka a kan lamarin ya faru, kuma banda haka, shari'ar laifuka ta fannin shari'a. Don haka, idan a lokuta da laifuka da dama da dama, wato, laifuffuka masu yawa, an bude laifin laifi ga kowa kuma an gano mutum marar laifi ga kowane ɗayansu. Idan da farko an ɗauka cewa duk ayyukan da mutum ya aikata, zalunci ya fara ne a cikin dangantakarsa (ko ya bayyana shi).

Idan an tabbatar (ta hanyar rashin shaida, ciki har da) cewa a wasu laifuka wani mutum ba ya da hannu, to, bisa ga abubuwan da ba a shiga mutumin ba, laifin aikata laifi ya ƙare. Ga sauran, wannan procedural mataki na ci gaba. Kuma ga wadanda wacce ba ta da alaka da dangi, - ci gaba (mai laifi ya ƙaddara, da dai sauransu).

Ba a soke soke laifin aikata laifuka ba idan mai laifi ya yi amfani da shi don kawar da wannan aikin (Sashe na 2, Mataki na ashirin na 27 na RF Code of Criminal Procedure).

Taimakon sabis

A wasu lokuta, ba za a iya aiwatar da ƙarar laifuka ba. Ko dai an gudanar da shi, amma tare da wasu hanyoyin gudanar da tsarin, ta hanyar yanke shawara na kotu. Ga mutanen da ke da rigakafi, akwai kungiyoyi masu yawa:

- ma'aikata na kungiyoyin diflomasiyya da ba 'yan kasar Rasha ba;

- shugabannin kasashen waje da gwamnatoci;

- ma'aikatan ofishin jakadancin;

- ma'aikatan kungiyoyin kasa da kasa;

- wakilan kasashe a kungiyoyin duniya;

- Sojoji na wasu nau'o'i, mutane masu dubawa da ma'aikatan jirgin sama.

Dukkan wadannan mutane ba su da nauyin digiri daban-daban (wani ya cika, wasu suna da haɓaka), amma a kowane hali, ana iya aiwatar da ayyukan da aka yi wa wannan rukunin jama'a ne kawai ta hanyar yanke hukunci.