A microscopic tsarin kashi. Musamman kashi tsarin

Lab "microscopic tsarin kashi" shi ne saba wa kowane schoolchild. Kowa ya tuna cewa shi ne godiya ga peculiarities na salon salula tsarin da jiki yana da kyau-da hadewa tsarin na gabobin, tabbatar da motsi na jiki a cikin sarari.

Ma'ana locomotor

zirga-zirga tilasta yin aiki da tsarin kunshi kasũsuwa, ashe, tsokoki da kuma jijiyoyin cewa gama su. Wannan ya jitu inji ta da jiki ne dimbin yawa da kayan ciki muhimmanci kare da inji lalacewa, da mutum sassa da kuma dukan jiki iya matsar a cikin sarari. Ta yaya muhimmanci shi ne wannan alama? Movement - shi ke rayuwa. Shi ne daya daga cikin halayen masu rai, tare da numfashi, girma da kuma haifuwa na da nasu irin. Mutane da yawa kwayoyin suna a haɗe salon. Alal misali, shuke-shuke. Amma su ne halin da ci gaban da motsi zuwa ga rãnã.

Ga jikin mutum wannan m aiki na samar da tsarin da ƙasũsuwa.

osteocytes

A microscopic tsarin kashi ne wakilta ta Kwayoyin. Suna da ake kira osteocytes. Suna da fusiform ko star-dimbin yawa, manyan, zagaye tsakiya. Fassara sunan wadannan Kwayoyin nufin "kashi".

A cytoplasm na osteocytes 'yan dindindin salula Tsarin kira wasu gabbansa. Idan muka dubi su a karkashin wani microscope, yana yiwuwa ya bambanta da mutum abubuwa na mitochondria da endoplasmic reticulum.

kashi Kwayoyin suna da muhimmanci bayãnin hukuncin fasalin. Shi ya ta'allaka ne da cewa a cikin balagaggu kafa kwayoyin osteocytes rasa su ikon raba da kuma fara aiwatar da lalacewa da kuma tsufa.

kashi nama

A tsarin da abun da ke ciki na mutum kashi tsarin saboda da kashi nama. Ya kunshi mutum faranti kafa ta osteocytes, kuma intercellular abu. Kashi nama ne mai irin connective. Its halayyar alama ne babban adadin intercellular abu, a cikin abin da guda Kwayoyin suna sufuri.

Kamar shirya da kuma kashi. Its intercellular abu kafa ta zaruruwa collagen da kuma ma'adanai, wanda suke Tsarin gina jiki yanayi.

Lab "microscopic tsarin kashi"

Ka yi la'akari da wannan irin nama a karkashin babban magnification. Gani, da microscopic tsarin kashi kama wani cibiyar sadarwa. Irin wannan tsarin aka kafa ta hanyar yawa na bakin ciki outgrowths osteocytes, su ne juna. Wannan cibiyar sadarwa yana ƙasũsuwa ƙarfi. Saboda gaban collagen zaruruwa, wanda dauke da contractile sunadarai, kashi iya matsawa da kuma tashin hankali.

A microscopic tsarin kashi adadi a kasa ya nuna sosai.

A sunadarai abun da ke ciki na ƙasũsuwa

25% na jimlar abun da ke ciki na al'amari ne ruwa. A wannan kaso lissafta ta kwayoyin abubuwa. M wannan na roba collagen gina jiki da ciwon fibrous tsarin. Yanã bãyar da ƙasũsuwa da dukiya, kamar elasticity. Alal misali, tsarin da cortical kashi damar shi da yin tsayayya da wani kaya na 1.5 ton. Ma'adanai an gabatar da farko phosphorus da alli salts. Su aiki ne don tabbatar da taurin da kuma ƙarfi daga cikin ƙasusuwansa. Shi ne da muhimmanci musamman ci daga wadannan alama abubuwa a lokacin da samuwar da yaro ta kwarangwal. Alli-arzikin kiwo kayayyakin, legumes, kabeji, tumatir, zobo da daji strawberry. Phosphorus da aka samu a cikin dabba da kayayyakin: nama, qwai da kuma kifi.

ban sha'awa abubuwan

A microscopic tsarin kashi yana da halaye. Amma abin da abu ne mafi muhimmanci ga ci gaban da wannan masana'anta? Don gane da wannan, za ka iya ciyar da kwarewa.

Kashi sa a cikin wani ruwa-ruwa bayani na hydrochloric acid. A sakamakon haka, duk ma'adanai ake narkar. Kashi zama haka m cewa shi za a iya daura a wani kulli. Amma to, zai zama da jikin mu yana da wani tushe da kuma goyon baya.

Idan calcined kashi a sosai zafi kadan, hankali shi oxidizes duk kwayoyin halitta. A sakamakon irin wannan nama iya kawai marmashe.

Daya ƙarshe: kowane rukuni na abubuwa a haɗe da ƙasũsuwa da wasu Properties, yin wannan masana'anta na musamman da ba makawa ga jikin mutum.

rarrabuwa na ƙasũsuwa

Dangane da siffar da ƙasũsuwan da dama kungiyoyin. Long, kuma ake magana a kai a matsayin tubular, ya samar da wata rami a ciki. An cika da musamman abu - rawaya bargo. Shi ne mai arziki a cikin m nama, ya amfanin jiki da kasũsuwa, ashe, da kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a tafiyar matakai na rayuwa. Wadannan kasusuwa, godiya ga tsarin fasali, hada ƙarfi ne, kuma lightness. Misalan wadannan ne femur - mafi tsawo kashi na jikin mutum, brachial, radial, da sauransu. A ganuwar irin kafa m kashi abu. Its tsarin naúrar ne osteon, hada da musamman fitar kasusuwan jikinsu faranti. The shugaban na dogon ƙasũsuwa an hada da spongy abu, da barbashi wadda ja bargo - daya daga cikin jini-forming Tsarin na jiki.

Short ƙasũsuwa ne vertebrae, wuyan hannu, metatarsus. Kuma misalai na fadi - ruwa da kafafuwa. Suna kafa yawanci spongy abu.

Ko da tsarin, kowane kashi da aka rufe saman Layer na connective nama - periosteum.

Top-fi

A tsarin da cortical kashi kayyade da muƙamin da mafi m da kuma dogon. Kuma a nan ne guntu kunne kashi - stapes. Its tsawon shi ne kasa da 3.5 mm. A karfi kashi - muƙamuƙi.

Mamaki ƙasũsuwa da su yawa. Tunanin: da mutum kafar kunshi 52 ƙasũsuwa. Shi ne kusan rubu'i daga cikin jimlar. An ban sha'awa al'amari ne gaskiya cewa yawan kasusuwa rage-rage tare da shekaru. Alal misali, yana jariri na game da 300, kamar yadda ya fara tasawa, wannan adadi kawai kai 206. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a kan lokaci wasu daga cikin ƙasusuwansa, kamar kwanyar Fused tare.

gaban kashi

Man da aka haife tare da wani kwarangwal a cikin abin da tsarin da aka mamaye guringuntsi. Da canji a cikin kashi yana da matsakaita na 20-24 shekaru. Next dakatar da girma. Saboda haka, to tafiyar da yawa wasanni likitoci shawara a wani wuri shekaru a lokacin da kwarangwal ne har yanzu quite na roba. A microscopic tsarin kashi damar zuwa zana karshe, a kudi na abin da abubuwa sanya su girma. A ciki Layer na periosteum samar da wani karuwa a kauri. A girma a tsawon auku saboda fission guringuntsi Kwayoyin located a iyakar ƙasũsuwa.

Tsarin da kuma dangane da ƙasũsuwa

Kowane ~ angare na mutum kwarangwal cika ta da nauyi. Saboda haka, gama da ƙasũsuwa a hanyoyi daban-daban. A gyarawa dangane da aka kira a kabu. Yana da wani tsarin a wadda protrusions na daya kashi kunshe a cikin sauran sako. Saboda ƙasusuwan shugaban kwarangwal. A duban farko, shi ma iya ze cewa kwanyar kunshi daya m kashi. Saboda haka fi dacewa da wannan connection. Kuma akwai shi ne ba da damar, amma dangane da aikin larura. Kokon kare kwakwalwa daga inji lalacewar a lokacin hatsarori. Kuma shi ne kawai daya kashi haɗu da hannu. Yana ƙananan muƙamuƙi.

M dangane da ƙasũsuwa da aka kira hadin gwiwa. Shi ne ta hanyar wadannan sadarwa da akwai wani motsi na jiki da kuma ta sassa. Mene ne fasali na tsarin da hadin gwiwa ƙasusuwansa ba? A musamman, da cewa daya shugaban wani bangare ne daga cikin zurfafa na sauran. A da maki na lamba an rufe tare da hyaline guringuntsi tare da m surface. Wannan tsarin taimaka wajen rage gogayya a lokacin motsi.

Ƙarin kariya daga mikewa ne hadin gwiwa kwantena, wanda na kewaye da shi a kan waje. Ciki shi ne na musamman ruwa, wanda kuma rage gogayya. By da hadin gwiwa kwantena a haɗe tsokoki da jijiyoyin, wanda kai tsaye zuwa da shi a cikin motsi.

Mobile dangane da ƙasũsuwa bambanta muhimmanci alama. Wannan shi ne yawan motsi da gatura. Alal misali, da gwiwa hadin gwiwa ne da wani dual-axis, da kuma damar da hip motsi a cikin uku kwatance.

Quite wani tsari ne da mutum kashin baya. Ƙasusuwansa suna da alaka da mutum yadudduka na guringuntsi. Wannan ne Semi-motsi hadin gwiwa na kashi. A guringuntsi Layer iya matsawa da kuma tashin hankali. Sun bayar da motsi na wannan ɓangare na kwarangwal ne kawai a cikin wasu iyaka. Duk da haka, irin wannan tsarin bayar da sakamako na buga absorber, cushioning tunkaro a lokacin kwatsam tsalle da kuma ƙungiyoyi.

A tsarin da mutum kwarangwal

A kwarangwal a matsayin tushen da musculoskeletal tsarin kunshi dama sassa. Kwarangwal na shugaban ko kwanyar, conventionally kasu kashi biyu: kwakwalwa da kuma fuska. Farko da wani mutum yana mai rinjaye size, wanda ake dangantawa da ci gaban da kwakwalwa - tsakiyar ɓangare na juyayi tsarin. jiki kwarangwal hadawa da kashin baya, kuma haƙarƙari karaga, dogara kare kayan ciki daga cikin kirji kogo. Yawan vertebrae a jikin mutum shi ne daidai 33-34. Wannan 7 mahaifa, thoracic 12, biyar lumbar, biyar sacral Fused tare, 4-5 coccygeal. Biyu na farko na su - Atlanta da epistrophe - alaka da dajin, don haka da kai ne iya motsa. Af, da yawan mahaifa vertebrae a duk mambobi na wannan aji na dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma bakwai. Irin wannan adadin ne wani giwa, da kuma wani filin linzamin kwamfuta. Iyakar abin da bambanci ne kawai a cikin size.

Kwarangwal kafada da pelvic abin ɗamara wakilta clavicle da scapula sama da Fused hip ƙasũsuwa kasa. Wadannan suna a haɗe free reshe: kafada, hannu da dantse, wuyan hannu, kafa da free babba reshe kuma hip, da kafa da kuma kafa - ƙananan bi da bi.

Saboda haka, ayyuka yi saboda da tsarin abubuwa na musculoskeletal tsarin, daga microscopic da nama da kuma matakin na jikin mutum gabobin.