A tsarin da mutum makogwaro da ta siffofin

A tsarin da jikin mutum zai iya bambanta a cikin yankunan da aka shirya sassa daban-daban na physiological tsarin, da hada kowa ilimin Halittar Jiki da kuma physiological halaye. Wadannan sun hada da, misali, makogwaro - wani yanki a cikinsa akwai abubuwa da tsari biyu - na numfashi da kuma narkewa kamar. A tsarin da mutum makogwaro, kazalika da ta sashen aikin da za a tattauna a wannan labarin.

Sifofin da makogwaro

Tsarin mutum makogwaro, wanda makirci ne da aka nuna a kasa, ya nuna a yankin da cewa ta fara da biyu cavities: hanci da baka, da kuma kawo karshen daidai da trachea da esophagus. Saboda haka, wani sashi daga cikin makogwaro, alaka da tsarin narkewa kamar, da ake kira pharynx cewa shi ne, da pharynx, da sauransu, wani bangare ne na numfashi tsarin - larinksom (maƙogwaro). Pharynx ne a yankin tsakanin baka rami da kuma esophagus. Abinci, ƙasa hakora, wetted da yau da kuma partially cleaved ta mataki na enzymes shi hits tushen harshe. Hangula ta rabe sa wani reflex ƙanƙancewa na tsokoki na taushi palate, wadda take kaiwa zuwa ƙulli daga ƙofar hanci kogo. A lokaci guda ƙofar maƙogwaro cewa tubalan da epiglottis.

Matsawa da pharynx tsoka Firaministan cikin bolus cikin esophagus, wanda shi ne undulating sabon, propels shi a ciki. Pharynx, maƙogwaro, ko, kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, na numfashi tsarin. Yana yi na'am da iska daga hanci kogo, nasopharynx da oropharynx, yayin da ake warmed kuma partially tsabtace daga wãtsarwa. A cikin maƙogwaro, kunsha na sa su guda biyu da kuma unpaired guringuntsi da ciwon hyaline tushe ne biyu na roba zaruruwa - da vocal igiya, dake tsakanin glottis. Lower maƙogwaro wuce a cikin trachea. Its gaban bango an kafa ta cartilaginous rabin zobba cewa hana numfashi tube rage diamita. A na baya tracheal bango aka hada da m tsoka. The iska gudana kansa daga trachea cikin bronchi, kuma daga gare su - da huhu.

A shãmaki rawar da tonsils

By nazarin tsarin da mutum makogwaro, mayar da hankali a kan gungu lifoidnoy nama kira minadalinami. Suna kafa musamman histologic tsarin - parenchyma, suna a warwatse a cikin stroma, kunsha na connective nama. A tonsils ne da samuwar lymphocytes - immunoobrazuyuschih Babban jiki kariya kashi daga pathogenic microbes. Wannan tsari ne da aka sani a matsayin lymphopoiesis. Idan akai la'akari da ilimin Halittar Jiki tsarin da mutum makogwaro, tonsils wanda aka bambanta a kan Palatine, sublingual da pharyngeal, masana kimiyya sun ƙarasa da cewa wannan tsari ya nuna su shãmaki aiki.

Bugu da ƙari, laryngology magana game da limfoepitelialnogo zobe, dake a cikin mucous membrane a iyaka da na baka rami da kuma pharynx - zobe Pirogov-Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz. A immunology tonsils kira na gefe jiki rigakafi. Su kewaye da shirayin da trachea da esophagus, kare da na numfashi da kuma tsarin matsurutai shigar azzakari cikin farji daga pathogenic microorganisms. Ilimin Halittar Jiki da kuma physiological tsarin da mutum makogwaro, Lymph nodes da samar da kariya da kuma shãmaki a kan cutarwa rinjayar da yanayi, zai zama bai cika ba idan ba mu zauna a kan irin Tsarin tonsils kamar gibba.

Specific ayyuka na gibba

Yana rabo Lymph nodes cewa kai kan na farko da harbi na staphylococcal ko streptococcal cututtuka kama a baka rami. A babbar yawan lymphocytes neutralize da nike kwayoyin aka kashe a lokaci guda.

Cluster matattu lymphoid Kwayoyin a lacunae surkin jini suranta matosai, na nuna kumburi tsari tasowa a mayar da martani ga shigar azzakari cikin farji daga kamuwa da cuta a cikin jiki.

Larinks murya-kamar jiki

A baya can, mun rigaya mun gani biyu manyan laryngeal aiki: shi ne ta sa hannu a cikin numfashin da Kariya (epiglottis lokacin da hadiya rufe ƙofar maƙogwaro, ta haka ne hana ingress particulate al'amari cikin trachea da kuma bayyanar shaƙa). Akwai wani alama na pharynx, wanda muka ayyana, ci gaba da karatu da tsarin da mutum makogwaro. Yana da ya shafi irin wannan dukiya na jiki, kamar ikon sauti samar da jawabin. Ka tuna cewa maƙogwaro aka yi sama da guringuntsi.

Tsakanin arytenoid cartilages, da ciwon appendages ne vocal igiyoyinsu - biyu sosai m da kuma springy zaruruwa. A lokacin shiru da vocal igiyoyinsu baya, da kuma a fili bayyane glottis tsakanin biyu, da ciwon nau'i na wani isosceles alwatika. A lokacin da tsarkakewa, ko magana da vocal igiyoyinsu aka rufe da iska, tanã fita daga cikin huhu lokacin exhaling, haddasa su rhythmic vibrations ana tsinkayarsu a matsayin sauti. sauti daidaitowa auku saboda canza matsayi na harshe, lebe, cheeks, jaws.

Jinsi bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin da makogwaro

Akwai da dama daga ilimin Halittar Jiki da kuma physiological halaye na mutum makogwaro tsarin dangantaka da jinsi. The maza a cikin maƙogwaro cartilages an haɗa ka da sama na gaba-larinksa kafa tsinkaya - da Adam ta apple da kuma Adam ta apple.

A mata, da kwana na dangane sassa na thyroid guringuntsi mafi gani wannan protrusion ba za a iya gano. Akwai kuma wani bambanci a cikin tsarin da vocal igiyoyinsu. A maza, su ne tsawo da kuma m, kuma sosai low murya. A mata, da vocal igiyoyinsu ne sirara kuma gajeru ba, su murya ne mafi girma da kuma karfi.

Wannan labarin binciki ilimin Halittar Jiki da kuma physiological al'amurran da tsarin da mutum makogwaro.