Anthropological ka'idar Lombroso

Cesare Lombroso ne daya daga cikin shahararrun psychiatrists da criminologists Italiya. Duk da cewa wasu yi imani da bincike ya m, Lombroso aka gane a matsayin wanda ya kafa anthropological trends a criminology.

Student ilimi shekaru

Cesare Lombroso aka haife shi a 1835 a cikin Italiyanci birnin Verona. Bayan kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare Lombroso ya fara karatu a Jami'ar Pavia, inda ya kasance musamman sha'awar Anthropology, neurophysiology da kuma ilimin halin tababbu. Malamai kaunace dalibi na Lombroso - ya kasance mai m, nishadantarwa da ba kawai da shirin, amma kuma ƙarin aiki bayan lokaci. Domin mafi fahimtar bambance-bambance tsakanin kabilun Cesare ko da ya fara koyar da waje harsuna - Sin da Aramaic. Daga baya, duk da haka, sai ya zaɓi wani dan kadan daban-daban hanyar da duniya ya zama sananne anthropological ka'idar Cesare Lombroso.

Experience a tsare

A shekaru 18, Lombroso ya baya sanduna, kamar yadda ya halarci a cikin motsi domin da daidaituwa na Italiya , suka tarar da ake zargin a wani kaidi da gwamnatin. Student saki a wani fairly gajeren lokaci: ya ba su ma tara ilimi basusuka. Amma zama a cikin masallãci sanya kafu daram ra'ayi a kan shi. The saurayi aka yi mamakin yadda rudely girman da ya cellmates, da kuma abin da siffofi da suka mallaka. Cesare ko da zargin cewa wadannan mutane za su wahala cretinism. Theory laifi Lombroso da ra'ayin halittarsa iya zo da bincike a cikin wannan m lokaci na rayuwarsa.

Ji na mutum laifi: kwarewa tsiwirwirinsu a yin amfani da kaniografa

A shekaru 27, Lombroso zama memba a rare tawaye, ya yi yaƙi domin 'yancin kai daga mutãnensa daga Austria. Bayan juyin juya halin ƙare tare da shan kashi na 'yan tawayen, Lombroso ci gaba da aiki a cikin naúra - yanzu a matsayin soja likita. A wannan lokaci, ya sake haifar da da kansa gine-gine da na'urar for gano laifi. Kaniograf, wanda aka yi amfani da bincike don auna hanci, Chin, kuma Brow da ake zargi na daban-daban laifukan, da bincike ya ba bar wani guda daga yini.

A tsawon lokaci, sai ya tattara da yawa daga data cewa ya faru a gare shi m ra'ayin, wanda underlies gaba dayan ka'idar Lombroso. The masanin kimiyya tunanin cewa idan laifi ba, da kuma an haife? Bayan duk, bisa ga masanin kimiyya, tsiwirwirin kuskure ne "wasiyya" na mutum, wanda ya gada daga dabbobi.

Kansu a matsayin masu laifi, Lombroso yi ĩmãni, dole ne a yi la'akari wajen tunani retarded, ko degenerates - wannan shi ne babban matsayi, wanda aka bisa ga ka'idar Lombroso. The iri laifi gano da wani bincike na waje data. Duk wadanda ake zargin, fuskokinsu auna Lombroso da halaye da cewa sanya su kama m mutane. Low goshi, manyan muƙamuƙi, kusa-kafa idanu - Waɗannan su ne alamu, bisa ga binciken da masana kimiyya ne karkata ya karya doka, mutane.

Wadda ta gabãta daga ƙarya injimin gano illa, ƙirƙira by Lombroso

Bayyane manifestations na nufi zuwa laifi ayyuka ba su kaɗai ba bincike so. Ya kamata a lura da cewa inventive na'urorin da suka samu nisa kasa rare fiye da anthropological ka'idar Lombroso. The masanin kimiyyar ya ɓullo da wani riga na zamani harshe. Sa'an nan kuma, wannan na'urar da aka kira "gidrosfigmometr". Tare da sabuwar dabara Lombroso auna bugun jini da kuma jini a karkashin tambaya, kokarin gano dauki da kwayoyin wadannan tambayoyi.

Don rarrabe m daga cikin masu laifin da: na farko gwaje-gwajen da na'urar

Lokacin da Lombroso amfani da na'urar a karon farko a lokacin tambaya ya same shi da wani da ake zargin a cikin sata. A lokacin ganawa da detainee karatu sun ba daban-daban daga cikin saba - laifin bai kasance wani martani. Lokacin da aka tambaye shi game da zamba da waje takardar fasfot, da farko ƙarya injimin gano illa rubuce da canji na sigogi. Daga baya ya bayyana cewa matukar gaske, wata ƙungiya ga wannan zamba.

A gaba gwajin tabbatar da wani wanda ake zargi da a cikin fyade hali. Jami'an tsaro ne a cika amincewa da cewa kama su, da gaske, shi ne mai yawan pimp. Amma lokacin da wani binciken ya nuna masa wani hoto na daya daga cikin wadanda aka ci zarafinsu, da gidrosfigmometr nuna babu canje-canje a cikin jiki na zargin laifin. All muhawara Lombroso binciken kawai waved - ya yi imani da cewa matukar haka kangararre to su laifuka da nadama, kamar ji tsoro, ba a sani ba zuwa gare shi.

Sa'an nan sanannen likita hauka da shawarar da ake zargin su magance wata rikitarwa ilimin lissafi matsala, don gano ko wannan gaskiya ne. Lokacin da detainee ga aiki, da na'urar nan da nan bari shi - wanda nufi da cewa su ji tsoron shi tukuna sani. Ba da da ewa da ka'idar Lombroso tabbatar - cigaba da bincike saukar da real m, da kuma wanda ake zargi da bai sani ba yadda za a warware matsaloli, shi aka gaskiya saki.

Tun da inventive na'urar Cesare halartar gagarumin canje-canje. Amma da farko a cikin wannan filin da wannan rana da aka dauke su wani Italian criminologist. Yau, da harshe da ake amfani ba kawai a fagen tilasta doka, amma kuma a cikin da yawa da manyan kamfanoni.

A ka'idar baiwa Cesare Lombroso

A 1863 da ya ga hasken Lombroso ta shahara littafi mai taken "Genius da hauka." Yana aiki a matsayin tushen ga samfurin bayanai da aka tattara ta bincike yayin da aiki a wani tabin hankali asibitin. Karkashin bincika Lombroso juya haƙuri da hali, su aiki, da jigogi da suka zabi su hotuna ko rikodin. Masana kimiyya suna kokarin gano yadda za ka iya yin hukunci da shafi tunanin mutum da kiwon lafiya da ya m ayyukansu.

A ka'idar Lombroso ta baiwa, wadda aka kafa a kan tushen da ya lura, cewa: m damar iya yin komai aka gaji - da kuma motsi daga magabatan da wata nakasa. Bayan Lombroso sanya su karshe, sai ya fara duba ga tabbatarwa a cikin tarihi. Masu bincike sun fara nazarin tarihin rayuwa da shahararrun mutane da suka zo Tsayawa akan matsayin cewa da yawa daga cikinsu sun kasance ba kawai baiwa, amma mahaukaci ne. Daga cikin su ya hada da, misali, Mozart composers, Beethoven, Gluck.

A ka'idar Lombroso game da baiwa haka ya sa a kan wannan matakin a matsayin neurotic karkata da kuma iyawa. Daya daga cikin muhawara a cikin ni'imar Lombroso yi ĩmãni ya karu ƙwarai a matsayin tunani da rashin lafiya, da kuma baiwa. Bambanci tsakanin wadannan biyu da tsakaitãwa, bisa ga masanin kimiyya - a cikin mutane halayen da duniya kewaye da mu. Wanda kuma wannan taron domin baiwa iya zama jawo domin bude, yayin da neurotic - sa mafi shafi tunanin mutum da cuta.

Anthropological ka'idar Cesare Lombroso: iyawa Yahudawa

The bincike ya gano wa kansu da ban sha'awa dangantaka tsakanin kasa da yawan talented mutane. A cikin fari a yawan biyu geniuses da neurotics, su ne Yahudawa. Lombroso bayyana wannan abin kwaikwaya kamar haka: Yahudawa da mutane suna kullum tsananta, don haka shi ne kyawawan m selection. The bincike buga da wadannan Figures: 384 mutane daga cikin Yahudawa akwai daya hauka.

A wakilan Katolika addini, wannan factor ne sau biyar ƙananan. Lombroso kuma tunanin cewa shi ne a kayyade predisposition, kamar yadda tsayayya ga ilimi shi ne wani factor na baiwa. Lombroso ta nazarin halittu ka'idar da goyan bayan wasu daga cikin hujjojin da kai masanin kimiyya. Alal misali, ya nuna cewa da iyali taka leda music by Bach 8 zamaninsu da kuma 57 mutane jin dadin shahararsa a wannan filin.