A tsarin da neuron da morphological da physiological ayyuka

Neuron, kasancewa a tsarin da kuma aikin naúrar na juyayi tsarin, shi ne wani sosai na musamman cell cewa zai iya samar da da kuma gudanar da lantarki hasken dake fitowa. A cikin shakka daga cikin tsarin juyin halitta na neurons rasa su ikon raba, sabili da haka ba zai iya asali. Saboda haka, akwai wani sananne a tsakanin mutane da magana "jijiya Kwayoyin ba regenerate."

Neuron tsarin da kuma waxanda suke da matukar daban-daban ayyuka, kuma yana da dama siffofi da kuma masu girma dabam, dangane da cell sarrafawa. The most neurons - da giant pyramidal Kwayoyin - an samu a cikin kwakwalwa a cikin cerebral bawo da cerebellum. Babu shakka, da manyan size daga wadannan Kwayoyin saboda da wuya daga cikin ayyuka da suka yi.

Babban aiki na jijiya Kwayoyin ne don tabbatar da karbuwa daga wani rai gabar to canza muhalli da yanayi, da kuma mutum ta amfani da su ya samu ikon tunani.

A tsarin da neuron kawai da farko duba alama sauki. Kowane cell ƙunshi jiki ko Soma da kuma matakai - dendrites da axons. Axon - dogon unbranched tsari, da aiki da abin da yake a aika da jijiyar daga daya cell zuwa wani. Bugu da ƙari, wata guda cell na jiki zai iya karkata ne kawai wanda irin wannan tsari, wannan ne morphological siffa daga cikin axon. Amma da yawan dendrites, yana tsawaita daga daya jijiya cell Soma iya zama mataimakin versa, shi ne manyan. Su hulɗa tare da wasu axons ko dendrites dauki jijiya turu. Duk da haka, babban receptive filin na neuron ne dendrites. Axon karshen iya saki musamman abubuwa - shiga tsakani, wanda amsa ga dendrite membrane. Yawanci, kowane neuron yana da mahara dendrites, wanda suna sosai branched, game da shi, samar da, a manyan yawan data bayanai. The bayanai a cikin cell ke ta musamman lambobin sadarwa da ake kira "spines". Su ba da damar neurons zuwa gane da jijiya sigina.

A tsarin ma ya hada da neuronal axonal hillock - cell Soma rabo cewa ya yi aikin wani integrative aiki ta amfani da Multi-Layer membrane. Ta aka rufe da cell jiki, tabbatar da samuwar, da rarraba da kuma watsa karfin electrotonic daga Soma ga axonal hillock. Soma aiki, yafi labarai, amma har yanzu aikin trophic aiki, wanda shi ne don tabbatar da girma da kuma ci gaban tafiyar matakai a cikin shakka daga yanayin halitta na juya da kwayoyin.

By yawan matakai na neurons ne odnootroschatye (unipolar), dvuotroschatye (bipolar) da kuma mnogootroschatye (multipolar). Lalle ne za a iya kira unipolar kawai kwakwalwa neurons, wanda aka located a cikin nucleus din da trigeminal proprioception kuma iko da masticatory tsokoki. A wasu madaidaci, tsarin mai neuron kayyade da ayyuka. Bipolar neurons samar da tushen da na gefe jijiyoyi da auditory, na gani kuma olfactory tsarin.

A musamman tsarin da neuron damar domin shi babban abu - bayanai aiki saboda da musamman Properties na membrane. Ta ciwon strikingly kananan kauri 6 nm, shi kunshi kawai biyu yadudduka na sia kwayoyin. A ta saka sunadaran aiki da dama na ayyuka: motsi na cell kwayoyin da ions da wani taro dan tudu, da samar da zabe permeability membranes fitarwa na waje kwayoyin da kuma goyon baya na sinadaran halayen a membrane surface.

A hadaddun tsarin da neuron da kuma iri-iri na ayyuka yi da su zuwa ga rarraba da jijiya Kwayoyin a hanyoyi masu yawa:

• rubuta kasaftawa axons sinadaran tsarin da abubuwa;
• irin ji na ƙwarai zuwa ga mataki na daban-daban samuwar kasashe.
• bisa ga irin aikin da ake yi.