Methanol - abin da yake da shi? Methanol dalma: Bayyanar cututtuka da kuma Jiyya

Kila fiye da sau daya, kowannenmu sun ji game da taro guba tare da m barasa samarwa (ciki har da mutuwa), a cikin abin da methanol da aka samu. Mẽne ne, kuma me ya sa shi ne don haka detrimental zuwa makamantanta a jiki? Me shi ne kara wa giya? Mene ne zai iya zama sakamakon da m da wannan kayayyakin? Don amsa wadannan tambayoyi, muna bukatar mu juya ga tarihin barasa samarwa, to ta rarraba a fannonin ayyukan mutane da kuma a cikin gwajinsu.

methanol

Methanol - a colorless m ruwa ne mafi sauki monohydric barasa, da farko memba na homologue jerin monohydric alcohols. Har ila yau, a tsarar masana kimiyya shi ne ake kira a matsayin wata itãciya ko methyl barasa, carbinol da methyl hydroxide. The ruwa samu ta hanyar barasan na lignin ko itace - kumshin abu sharan woody shuka cell ganuwar. A vitro kira na methanol ne m hadawan abu da iskar shaka na methane da methane da kwafi ta hanyar methylenechloride. Domin da farko lokacin da monovalent barasa da aka gano a cikin 1661 da Boyle a barasan busassun itace. Ƙarni biyu daga baya masana kimiyya JB Dumas da kuma E. M. Peligo gudanar a samu methanol a tsarkake form. Rairaya barasa a kan wani m sikelin fara a shekarar 1923 a Jamus. A rayuwar yau da kullum, methanol da ake amfani da sauran ƙarfi, ba da dalilin maganin daskarewa, man fetur Octane Additives.

Gurbin kan jiki

Methyl barasa ne daya daga cikin mafi hadarin poisons duniya. Contact tare da total 10 ml na abu a cikin jikin mutum zai iya kai ga babu ja canje-canje a cikin pathological: makanta, rushewa daga aiki na ciki gabobin (koda, hanta), rauni yankunan da kwakwalwa. Mutuwa ya auku idan a wani adadin 1-2 grams per 1 kilogram na nauyi ne ingested methanol. Mẽne ne, kuma me ya sa irin wannan karamin adadin abu ne iya kashe mutum? The abu ne cewa, a lokacin da ingested monohydric barasa da aka oxidized zuwa formaldehyde - wani m guba cewa rinjayar da juyayi tsarin da reacts tare da sunadarai. Bugu da ƙari, mai guba sakamako ne ba nan da nan bayan da a saki na abu a cikin jini, kuma bayan 'yan sa'o'i. Saboda haka, har da bayyanar da farko bayyanar cututtuka na guba mutane yawanci suna da lokaci zuwa sha a kashi na mutuwa.

methanol hadari

Main hadarin abu ne cewa methanol da ethanol (zubawa a giya) ba za a iya bambanta: suna da wannan dandano da wari, sũ biyun colorless ruwa. ). Duk da haka, da yawa ƙananan kudin na methanol (daga RUR 15.500 da ton). Domin wadannan dalilai da suka sukan diluted tare da barasa. Wani hatsari ne cewa abubuwa da guba na iya faruwa a sakamakon yin amfani da kayayyakin dauke da methanol. Mene ne shi da kuma yadda yake faruwa? Vaporization coolants, taya don wanka windows, paintwork abubuwa dauke da barasa kwayoyin halitta da cewa shigar da jiki, tara da kuma sa pathological canje-canje. Saboda haka guba iya ba kawai wani giya, kamar yadda aka fiye ĩmãni a cikin kasar, amma kuma ta m kaya.

methanol da guba

Farkon bayyanar cututtuka na guba faruwa bayan 8-72 sa'o'i bayan ingestion na methanol. A farko ya wahala tsakiya m tsarin: wuce kima ji na ƙwarai zuwa ga haske (photophobia), dilation na yara, da ciwon kai, dizziness da kuma hanawa daga general kiwon lafiya, rage ji na ƙwarai, clouding na sani.

Guba methanol musamman m saboda cunkoso, ko da kara adadin jini a cikin tsokoki da kuma gabobin, cewa ya auku saboda} aruwar erythrocytes da haemoglobin matakin. A sakamakon haka, jikin ta kumbura, yakan mallaki wani bluish tint. A ci gaba da pathological aiwatar shiga haƙuri a comatose jihar saboda cerebral edema. Hyperemia take kaiwa zuwa rushewa daga cikin numfashi tsarin - numfashi zama mai zurfi da kuma m, aka azabtar akwai wani ji na rashin iska. A lokaci guda rage-rage na bugun jini, da zuciya ne iya jimre wa wani "barasan" na babban adadin jini a ko'ina cikin jiki da kuma a sakamakon kasa. Mutuwa ya auku.

Taimakon farko ga guba

Bayan ganewa na farko alamun guba kamata nan da nan kira motar asibiti. Idan wannan shi ne ba zai yiwu, shi wajibi ne don kara yawan ruwa cinye. Yana da kyawawa sha giya tare da Alkali ciki: ma'adinai ruwa, citric acid bayani, da kuma yin amfani da tumatir, ayaba, zabibi, innabi, bishiyar asparagus, zuma, da kuma sauran kayayyakin.

A asibiti saituna methanol guba bi da ta gabatar a cikin kwayoyin na ethanol. Idan ba ka tabbatar da cewa babban guba abu ne methanol, da yin amfani da vodka a matsayin maganin guba ne ta kãfircẽwa. Ajiye a rayuwa shi ne m ciki lavage, jawo amai.

tsoro ne statistics

A kwanan nan tarihin 'yan adam da aka rubuta bakwai lokuta na taro guba da methanol. The most yawan mutane sun ji rauni a watan Yuli na shekarar 1981 a Indiya - sun mutu daga guba 308 mutane. A shekarar 2000, gwamnatin El Salvador da ake zargi da harin ta'addanci, a sakamakon shan daga methanol guba kashe 122 mutane. Abin lura shi ne cewa babu wani daga cikin masana'antu shuke-shuke da barasa wannan abu ba a samu ba. A Rasha taro guba da aka rajista, a watan Disamba 2016 a sakamakon na yin amfani da "Hawthorn" - wani ruwa domin wanka ba, in da tsarin da aka daga baya ya gano methanol. Mẽne ne da kuma yadda za su hana irin wannan ikon - shi ne ba a sani ba. Amma a sakamakon guba shafi 123 mutane, wanda 76 suka mutu. Disamba 20 da aka ayyana a ranar makoki a Irkutsk yankin.

A amfani da methanol

A mafi girma adadin methanol ne zuwa cin kayayyakin. Ana amfani da a matsayin sauran ƙarfi saboda ta high volatility da ikon soke kwayoyin da polymeric abubuwa. A kasashen Turai, a cakuda methyl da ethyl barasa amfani da perfumery. Amma a Rasha irin kayayyakin da ake dakatar, kamar wani mabukaci samfurin da methanol. Saboda high Octane wasu "master" methanol da ake amfani a cikin gida domin high Octane man fetur. A barasa ne amfani a kan wani m sikelin domin samun man shuke-shuken.

A yanayi, da methyl barasa ne musamman rare kuma a kananan yawa. Wannan shi ne yafi muhimmanci mai da Jasmine kuma wintergreen. A abun da ke ciki na wadannan mai hada salicylic acid da kuma anthranilic. Methanol a cikin abun da ke ciki shi ne ba kawo hadari ga mutane. Duk da haka, zai iya haddasa wani rashin lafiyan dauki. Saboda haka overreliance a kan man fetur na iya zama detrimental ga kiwon lafiya.