A tsawo daga cikin Himalayas. A Himalayas - da mafi duwãtsu

A Himalayas - da mafi duwãtsu a duniya, wanda sunansa a Sanskrit zahiri tana nufin "wani wuri inda snow rayuwarsu." Located a kudancin Asiya, wannan dutse range raba da Indo-Gangetic bayyana da Tibet tudu. A nan ne mafi kusa da sama da maki a duniyarmu, wanda sun hada da Dutsen Everest, tsororuwar (Himalayas ne sau da yawa ake kira "rufin duniya"). Ya kuma aka sani da wani sunan - Dutsen Everest.

dutsen da lafiyar qasa

Himalayan duwãtsu ne mai girma iri-iri na siffofin da wuri mai faɗi. A Himalayas karya a kan ƙasa da dukan kasashe biyar: India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sin da Pakistan. A duwãtsu ƙãga uku mafi girma da kuma mafi m kõguna - da Indus, da ganges da Brahmaputra. A Flora da fauna daga cikin Himalayas ne kai tsaye dogara a kan sauyin yanayi, da ruwan sama, tsawo duwãtsu, kuma gona yanayi.

Domin kafa na duwãtsu kewaye yankin na da wurare masu zafi sauyin yanayi, yayin da tutur kankara da dusar ƙanƙara ta'allaka ne a kan kololuwa. Shekara-shekara hazo ƙaruwa a cikin shugabanci daga yamma zuwa gabas. Musamman na halitta al'adunmu da kuma da tsawo daga cikin Himalayas ne batun gyare-gyare saboda daban-daban sauyin yanayi tafiyar matakai.

Sashen siffofin

Himalayas - Mountains a kudancin Asiya, kunsha da farko na sedimentary kankara da kuma gauraye. A rarrabe da dutsen gangara ne su transconductance kuma kololuwa a matsayin ganiya ko kunya ta rufe ta har abada kankara da dusar ƙanƙara da mamaye wani yanki na kimanin miliyan 33 murabba'in kilomita. A Himalayas, da tsawo daga wanda wani lokacin kai kusan kilomita tara ne in mun gwada matasa idan aka kwatanta da sauran, mafi tsoho dutsen tsarin na Duniya.

Kazalika da miliyan 70, da suka wuce, da India farantin an har yanzu ci gaba da matsawa da kuma motsa zuwa wani nisa na 67 millimeters a kowace shekara, kuma a kan gaba 10 shekaru miliyan, shi za ta motsa zuwa 1.5 km a cikin Asian shugabanci. Active daga ra'ayi na saman fannin binciken kasa da ke sa da cewa da tsawo daga cikin Himalayas na karuwa sannu a hankali mafitar game 5 millimeters a kowace shekara. Irin wannan qananan a duban farko, a lokacin da matakai da wani iko vlyanie a ma'aunan kasa sharuddan, a Bugu da kari, yankin ne m tare da girgizar kasa ra'ayi, wani lokacin akwai girgizar kasa.

Himalayan kogin tsarin

A Himalayas ne na uku mafi girma adibas na kankara da dusar ƙanƙara a duniya bayan Antarctica da Arctic. A dutsen ne game da 15,000 glaciers, wanda dauke game da dubu 12 cubic kilomita na sabo ruwa. A mafi yankunan an rufe shi da dusar ƙanƙara duk shekara zagaye. Shan ta asalin jihar Tibet Indus shi ne mafi girma da kuma mafi cikakken-gudãna kogin, wanda gudana a cikin da yawa karami su. Yana gudana a southwesterly shugabanci a fadin Indiya, Pakistan da kuma empties a cikin Arabian Sea.

Himalayas, wanda tsayinsa a mafi girma da ma'ana kai kusan 9 km, halin da babban iri-iri na kogin. Babban ruwa kafofin da ganges-Brahmaputra tasa ne ganges, da Brahmaputra da Yamuna. Brahmaputra an haɗa zuwa ganges a Bangladesh, da kuma tare da suke daga ƙarƙashinsu a cikin gāɓar Bengal.

dutsen Lake

A mafi Himalayan lake Gurudongmar Lake a Sikkim (Indiya), aka located a tsawon game da kilomita 5. A cikin kusanci da Himalayas akwai babban adadin picturesque tabkuna, mafi yawan abin da ake located a tsawo na kasa da kilomita 5 saman teku matakin. Wasu tabkuna suna dauke tsarki a India. Nepal Tilicho lake dutsen shimfidar kusa Annapurna ne daya daga cikin mafi girma a duniya.

Great Himalayan dutsen jeri dauke da daruruwan kyau tabkuna a India da kuma makwabta Nepal da na Tibet. Himalayan tabkuna ba musamman janye da m dutsen shimfidar wurare, da yawa daga cikinsu an rufe tare da tsoho Legends, kuma ban sha'awa labaru.

A tasiri a kan sauyin yanayi

A Himalayas da babban tasiri a kan sauyin yanayi da samuwar. Sun hana da ya kwarara daga sanyi bushe iskõki a kudancin shugabanci, wanda damar sarauta a kudancin Asiya da dumi sauyin yanayi. Ulla wata halitta shãmaki zuwa monsoon (haddasa tsanani rainstorms), hana su motsi zuwa ga arewa. A Sierra taka wata rawa wasu a cikin samuwar hamadar Taklamakan da Gobi.

Babban ɓangare na Himalayas da dama a ƙarƙashin rinjayar subequatorial dalilai. A lokacin rani da kuma bazara kakar ne quite zafi: a matsakaita zazzabi ya kai 35 ° C. A wannan lokaci, da malale kawo tare da su a manyan adadin hazo daga tekun Indiya, wanda sai da dama a kan kudancin gangara.

Mutane da al'adu na Himalayas

Saboda da yanayin halaye na Himalayas (Mountains a Asiya) suna wajen sparsely lugar yankuna. Mafi yawan mutane suna zaune a Shefela. Wasu daga cikin su na tsirfa su rai kamar yadda shiryar domin yawon bude ido da kuma na rakiyar masu hawa wanda zo ya yi nasara da wasu daga cikin kololuwa. Duwatsu sun wata halitta shamaki ga mutane da yawa dubban shekaru. Sun tsaya da assimilation na kasar Sin yawan da ciki sassa na Asia da Indiyawan.

Wasu kabilu suna tushen a cikin Himalayan dutsen fuska, wato a arewa maso gabashin kasar Indiya, Sikkim, Nepal, Bhutan, sassa na West Bengal da sauransu. Kawai a cikin Arunachal Pradesh rayuwa fiye da 80 kabilu. Himalayan duwãtsu - daya daga cikin mafi girma a birane a duniya tare da manyan yawan miyagun jinsin dabbobi, kamar yadda farauta ne mai rare aiki a cikin kusanci da Himalayas. Babban addinai ne addinin Buddha, Musulunci da kuma Hindu. Famous Himalayan labari ne labarin wani snowman wanda yake zaune wani wuri a cikin duwatsu.

A tsawo daga cikin Himalayas

Himalayas tashi kusan 9 km saman teku matakin. Sun mika for nesa daga game da 2.4 kilomita dubu daga Indus Valley a yamma da Brahmaputra Valley a gabas. Wasu kololuwa suna dauke alfarma daga cikin gida, yawan, kuma yawancin Buddha da 'yan Hindu sa mahajjata zuwa wadannan wurare.

A matsakaicin tsayi a mita Himalayas da glaciers kai 3.2 dubu. Mountain hawa, wanda tsiwirwirinsu shahararsa a cikin marigayi XIX karni, ya zama babban aiki na matsananci yawon bude ido. A 1953, Edmund Hillary na New Zealand da kuma Sherpa Tenzing Norgay kasance na farko da ya hau Dutsen Everest (tsororuwar).

Everest: tsawo daga duwãtsu (Himalayas)

Everest, kuma aka sani da Dutsen Everest, shi ne mafi girman aya na duniya. Mene ne tsawo da dutsen? Himalayas da aka fi sani da wuya ya kai ga kololuwa, jawo dubban baƙi, amma su Babban burin - tsawo daga Dutsen Everest 8.848 kilomita. Wannan wuri - aljanna domin yawon bude ido wanda ba zai iya kwatanta rayuwata ba tare da hadarin da matsananci.

A tsawo daga cikin Himalayas janyo hankalin babban adadin dutsen masu hawa daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, gagarumin fasaha matsaloli tare da hawa kan wasu hanyoyi ne ba a can, amma Everest ne fraught da yawa wasu hadura, kamar tsõron tsayi, da na ba zato canji na yanayi, rashin oxygen da kuma karfi sosai gusts na iska.

Masana kimiyya sun daidai kafa tsawo daga kowane dutse range a Duniya. Wannan ne ya sa yiwu ta hanyar amfani da NASA ta tauraron dan adam monitoring tsarin. Auna tsawo daga kowane dutse, ƙarasa da cewa 10 daga cikin 14 mafi duwãtsu a duniya su ne a cikin Himalayas. Kowace daga cikin wadannan duwatsu ne da ake musamman jerin "takwas-thousanders". A ci daga dukan wadannan kololuwa ne dauke da ganiya da kyau mai hawan duwatsu.

Halitta fasali a kan bangarori daban-daban na Himalayas

Himalayan swampy Jungle, located a gindin duwatsu da ake kira "Terai" kuma an halin da fadi da dama da ciyayi. Ga za ka iya samun 5-mita thickets da ciyawa, itatuwan dabino da Shelter, ferns, kuma bamboo thickets. A tsawon mita 400 zuwa 1.5 kilomita ne a tsiri na rigar gandun daji. Bugu da kari to yawa jinsunan bishiyoyi nan Magnolia, Citrus kuma yã kãsance kãfur Laurel.

A wani mataki (2.5 km) hakar ma'adinai na sarari cika Evergreen subtropical da deciduous dazuzzuka, akwai za a iya gani mimosa, Maple, ceri, chestnut, itacen oak, daji ceri, dutsen gansakuka. Coniferous gandun daji mika har zuwa wani tsawon 4 km. A wannan tsawo, da itatuwa zama karami, suna maye gurbinsu da filin ciyayi a cikin nau'i na da ciyawa da kuma shrubs.

An fara daga 4.5 km sama da teku matakin ne Himalayas zone madawwami kankara da dusar ƙanƙara. The dabba duniya ne ma bambancin. A sassa daban daban na mountainous kewaye, za ka iya haɗu da beyar, giwaye, barewa, dorina, birai, daji dawakai, awaki da yawa wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa. Ga shi an samu da yawa macizai da dabbobi masu rarrafe, waxanda suke da matukar hatsari ga mutane.

A Himalayas - mafi girma dutsen iyaka a Duniya. Don kwanan saman Dzhomolungma (Everest) ya yawaita game da 1200 sau. Ciki har da a ganiya mutumin gudanar a samu shekaru 60 da kuma goma sha uku saurayi, da kuma a 1998 lashe saman farko mutum da nakasa.