Abin da suke da halaye na cinikayya a cikin 17th karni? Harkokin waje da kuma cinikayyar cikin gida a Rasha

Musamman cinikayya a cikin 17th karni sun zama key dalilai a gaban sabon iri na tattalin arziki a tsakaninsu. A tsohon handicraft tsarin ne a hankali zama rabu amfani, ana maye gurbinsu da kananan-sikelin samar. Abin da suke da halaye na cinikayya a cikin 17th karni kamar siffar sabon dangantaka a Rasha da kuma kasashen waje - kalle a kasa.

New aukuwa a crafts

Game da cewa, abin da suke da halaye na cinikayya a cikin 17th karni, za a iya wajen hukunci da ka'idojin da bunkasa dangantaka da samar. Farko na handicraft ci gaban da ya faru a cikin tsarin na wani arziki tattalin arzikin - gwani ba zai iya samar da wani babban adadin na da kansa kayayyakin - da dama abubuwa sanya wa oda. The fadada cinikayya sanya yiwu bunqasar na samar - yanzu an artisan iya sa kaya "na nan gaba", dangane da gaba mai saye. Akwai specialization na crafts - wasu yankuna na Rasha ƙasashe ne babban masana'antun na daban-daban kaya. Alal misali, Belozerye domin ta shahara cokula, Nizhny Novgorod sana'a sanya karfi kwa'di, kuma Vologda craftswoman saƙa m yadin da aka saka. Saboda haka ƙara up yankin cibiyoyin daban-daban da sana'o'i.

A farko factory

Idan hasken masana'antu da aka bisa ga mutum aiki, domin cin gaban metallurgy, ma'adinai da kuma makamai samar bukata gwamnatin taimako. Watakila wannan ne ya sa mafi kusa da birnin Moscow - Tula, Kashira, Serpukhov - zama sosai farko cibiyoyin Rasha metallurgy. Metalworking, kamar yadda mafi lokaci-cinyewa kasuwanci, da ake buƙata gagarumin manpower - don haka hankali ya fara amfani da hayar aiki. A farko manufactory wadda yi amfani da hayar aiki, ya zama igwa yadi, wanda ya tashi a cikin 15th karni. Duk a cikin 17th karni da aka halitta game da talatin daban-daban masana'antu. Domin da farko lokacin da suka kafa wata daular da industrialists - Sveteshnikovy, Demidov, stroganoff da sauransu.

Development of cinikayyar cikin gida

Abin da suke da halaye na cinikayya a cikin 17th karni a Rasha? A kasar ne sannu a hankali shawo kan warewa da kuma samun damar yin amfani da Turai kasuwanni. Na fara samar da wata sabuwar kasa kasuwar tare da nasu cibiyoyin cinikayya. A key rawar da aka buga da manyan cinikayya bikin - Arkhangelsk, Irbit, Nizhny Novgorod. Akwai na farko buyers - sari, sayi kaya a cikin manyan yawa da kuma sayar da shi a kan wholesale. Yada korobeynichestvo - tun sayi a gaskiya ɗamararku, Scarves, combs, broadside hotuna da kuma sauki kayan ado peddlers tafiya ta zuwa birane da ƙauyuka, da sayar da kayayyakinsu ga mazauna yankin. Ana zargin masana'antu, cinikayya wholesale da kuma ci gaban da wani cibiyar sadarwa na bikin - Waɗannan su ne babban theses, wanda ba wani ra'ayin abin da suka halaye na cinikayya a cikin 17th karni a cikin gida Rasha kasuwar.

kwastan umurnin

A farkon karni cinikayyar cikin gida hampered da yawa kwastan kudade jawo wa kansu a lokacin da fragmentation. Wurare da dama a requisitions tsanani hampered gabatarwa kayayyakin a kasuwa, yin cinikayya marasa amfani baki ɗaya, da m motsa jiki. Amma Kwastan hukuncin da aka bayar a 1653, wanda shafe ta da mezhduuezdnye levies, ya gabatar da na kowa dokoki domin kwastan wajibi. Saboda haka, na sarki ikon yi kokarin raya cinikayya a cikin kasar.

waje cinikayya

Abin da suke cikin halaye na waje cinikayya a cikin 17th karni? Rasha yan kasuwa, ba kawai rayayye tasowa cinikayyar cikin gida, amma riga ya damar zuwa kasuwanni na arewacin} asashen Turai. Abin baƙin ciki, damar yin amfani da kankara-free Baltic Sea a lokacin da aka ba samuwa. Kasuwanci ya yi amfani da fiye da lokacin rani watanni na kewayawa don samun akwai daga arewacin tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Sweden, Ingila, Denmark. Shigo da kuma fitarwa aka gyara na waje cinikayya a wannan lokaci ya kasance kusan canzawa idan aka kwatanta da baya lokaci, don haka a cikin mahallin na waje cinikayya da wuya a ce abin da suka halaye na cinikayya a cikin 17th karni. Kamar yadda a kullum, babban fitarwa abubuwa sun hatsi, furs, flax, hemp, tallow, fata. Rasha shigo da alatu kayan, zane, masana'antu kayan aiki, shayi, kofi da kayan yaji.

Anti-dumping

Amma godiya ga kwadago don shigar azzakari cikin farji daga waje yan kasuwa a kan Rasha kasuwa ya zama sananne. Sau da yawa suka katse farashin Rasha fatake. Da yawa gunaguni na Rasha yan kasuwa da aka ji, kuma da aka soma a 1667. New Ciniki dokoki, ta hanyar abin da waje Kasuwanci su daina tsohon hakkoki da abubuwan da yanci ya a Rasha kasuwannin gida. Baƙi iya kawai tafiyar da wholesale da kuma manyan wholesale - kiri cinikayya ta kasance a gare su a karkashin ban. Shigar da ayyukan musamman a kan shigo da kaya, saboda wanda kudin gida da kuma shigo da kayayyaki ne kusan daidai. Bugu da kari, da sabon aikinsu nasarar bayansa da baitulmali na gidan sarki.

Rungumar, za mu iya ce, abin da suka halaye na cinikayya a cikin 17th karni. A takaice, su aka rage zuwa fitowan da sabon cinikayya, simplification na dokokin cinikayya, da raya kasa na ciki kasuwa, na farko yunkurin kare gida kera da kuma wakilan da m aji na waje tsangwama. A diyya kudin na Rasha da kuma kasashen waje kayayyaki ta gabatar na musamman haraji spurred da ci gaban gida masana'antu.