Allotropic material: lu'u-lu'u da kuma graphite. Da dabara na graphite da lu'u-lu'u.

Kowane mutum ne saba da abubuwa irin su graphite da lu'u-lu'u. Graphite an samu a ko'ina. Ga misali, an yi sanduna for sauki fensir. Graphite - abu ne quite araha da kuma cheap. Amma irin wannan abu, kamar lu'u-lu'u, shi ne daban-daban daga graphite. Diamond - mafi tsada dutse, a sosai rare da kuma m, da bambanci ga graphite. Yana da wuya su yi ĩmãni ba, amma da sinadaran dabara graphite daidai da lu'u-lu'u siffantawa. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu tattauna yadda wannan mai yiwuwa ne.

Graphite: tarihi da kaddarorin da ma'adinai

Tarihi na graphite ke da tarihin dubban shekaru, don haka ainihin shekara na farkon da aikace-aikace sa ne musamman wuya. Graphite ne mashahuri domin zama mai kyau shugaba na wutar lantarki. Bugu da kari, wannan ma'adinai ne sosai m. Saboda haka, an yi shi da sanduna domin pencils.

A sunadarai Properties na ma'adinai iya hada samuwar hada mahadi da yawa abubuwa irin salts da kuma Alkali karafa. Ma'adinai ba narke a cikin acid.

Formula graphite - C, Ina nufin shi ne daya daga cikin allotropic gyare-gyare a nan kusa shida kashi na lokaci-lokaci tebur - carbon.

Diamond: tarihi da kaddarorin da ma'adinai

Tarihi da lu'u-lu'u ne sosai sabon abu. An yi imani da cewa na farko da lu'u-lu'u da aka samu a kasar Indiya. A wannan lokaci, 'yan adam ya kasa fahimtar ikon wannan dutse. Geologists ya sani cewa wannan dutse ne da wuya da kuma m. Har da 15th karni, Diamonds kasance daraja sosai kasa da emeralds kuma yaƙũtu. Kuma a sa'an nan ba a sani ba mai yin kayan ado a lõkacin da aiki tare da dutse ya ba shi wani kyakkyawan facet, wanda daga baya ya zama da aka sani da lu'u-lu'u. A sa'an nan da dutse da kuma nuna kanta a duk da daukaka.

Yafi Diamonds amfani a masana'antu. Wannan ma'adinai ne da karfi a cikin dukan duniya, wanda shi ne ya sa aka sanya abrasives, masu saro for machining m karfe, kuma mafi.

Kamar yadda muka riga sani, da graphite a cikin sinadaran dabara - C, wannan dabara na da lu'u-lu'u.

Da bambance-bambance tsakanin lu'u-lu'u da kuma graphite

Duk da cewa da ma'adanai da irin wannan sinadaran dabarbari, su ne sosai daban-daban daga juna kamar yadda bayyanar, kuma daga sinadaran ra'ayi.

Da farko, lu'u-lu'u da kuma graphite ne gaba daya daban-daban gininsu daga juna. Saboda graphite aka hada da wani layin wutar na hexagons, alhãli kuwa lu'u-lu'u na da cubic crystal tsarin. A fragility na graphite lalacewa ta hanyar gaskiya cewa mahada tsakanin ta yadudduka sosai sauki karya, ta atoms suna sauƙin rabu da juna. Saboda wannan, graphite ne sauki sha haske, shi sosai duhu, sabanin da lu'u-lu'u.

lu'u-lu'u tsarin ne halin a cewa daya carbon zarra ne kewaye da hudu wasu kwayoyin halitta a wani tetrahedral dala ko wani alwatika. Kowane zarra ne located a wannan nesa daga juna. Sadarwa daga kwayoyin halitta ne da karfi, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa lu'u-lu'u ne don haka da wuya da kuma m. Wani lu'u-lu'u dukiya - shi ne cewa shi ne zai shiryar da haske, sabanin graphite.

M cewa dabara ne kamar graphite lu'u-lu'u dabara, amma ma'adanai ne gaba daya daban-daban? Babu! Saboda lu'u-lu'u da aka halitta da yanayi tare da wani babban matsin lamba, sa'an nan kuma wani sosai m sanyaya, yayin da graphite auku a low matsa lamba, amma sosai high zazzabi.

Mene ne wani allotropic abu?

Allotropic abu - wannan ne mai matukar muhimmanci ra'ayi a cikin sunadarai. Wannan shi ne mafificin dutsen gini da damar don rarrabe abu daga juna.

A makaranta allotropic abubuwa karatu a misali na graphite da lu'u-lu'u, kazalika da bambance-bambance. Saboda haka, tun da karatu da bambance-bambance na lu'u-lu'u da kuma graphite, shi za a iya ƙarasa da cewa allotropy - shi ne kasancewar a cikin yanayi biyu ko fiye da abubuwa, abin da ya bambanta a cikin tsarin da kaddarorin, amma suna da wani irin sinadaran da dabara, ko ya kasance a cikin wannan sinadari.

Samun graphite lu'u-lu'u

Graphite dabara - C - yarda masana kimiyya don samar da wani iri-iri na gwaje-gwajen, sakamakon graphite allotropic abubuwa da aka samu.

Malamai gaya da kuma makaranta da kuma dalibai game da yadda masana kimiyya sun yi kokarin haifar da Diamonds daga graphite. Wannan labari ne mai ban sha'awa da kuma ban sha'awa, amma kuma shi ba ka damar tuna da wanzuwar allotropic abubuwa kamar graphite da lu'u-lu'u, kuma su da bambance-bambance.

Wasu lokaci da suka wuce, masana kimiyya sun yi kokarin haifar da Diamonds daga graphite. Sun yi imani da cewa idan da dabara da lu'u-lu'u da kuma graphite ne guda, za su iya haifar da wani lu'u-lu'u, saboda dutse ne tsada sosai, kuma rare. Yanzu mun san cewa ma'adinai lu'u-lu'u bayyana a cikin yanayi a high matsa lamba da kuma instantaneous sanyaya. Saboda haka, da masu bincike yanke shawarar busa ѓrafit, ta haka ne da samar da isassun yanayi na lu'u-lu'u samuwar. Kuma a gaskiya, mu'ujiza ya faru, da fashewa a graphite kafa sosai kananan lu'u-lu'u lu'ulu'u.

A amfani da graphite da lu'u-lu'u

Don kwanan wata, da kuma graphite da lu'u-lu'u ne, yafi amfani a cikin masana'antar. Amma game da 10% na jimlar lu'u-lu'u samar ke da kayan ado kasuwanci. Mafi sau da yawa sanya na graphite pencils, kamar yadda yana da matukar m da kuma gaggautsa, da kuma ganyen burbushi.