Amazing semiconductor na'urar - a rami diode

Lokacin da karatu ginshikai na gyara wani AC a shafin na lamba na biyu daban-daban yanayin - da semiconductor da karfe, an hypothesized cewa shi dogara ne a kan abin da ake kira ta murhu na cajin yan dako. Duk da haka, a lokacin (1932) da matakin na ci gaba semiconductor fasahar ba a yarda ya tabbatar da zato empirically. Kawai a shekarar 1958, a kasar Japan masanin kimiyya Esaki ya iya tabbatar da shi brilliantly, samar farko rami diode a tarihi. Godiya ta zuwa ga ban mamaki da ingancin (misali, gudun), wannan samfurin ya ja hankalin masu kwararru a daban-daban fasaha filayen. Yana da daraja bayyana cewa diode - wani lantarki na'urar, wanda shi ne wata kungiya guda jiki na biyu daban-daban kayan da ciwon daban-daban na watsin. Saboda haka, lantarki iya gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu, ta hanyar shi a daya shugabanci kawai. Canza polarity sakamakon a "rufe" na diode kuma ƙara da juriya. Kara ƙarfin lantarki take kaiwa zuwa wani "fashewa".

Ka yi la'akari da yadda rami diode. Classic rectifier semiconductor na'urar tana amfani da crystal ciwon yawan impurities ba fiye da 10 a 17 digiri (digiri -3 santimita). Kuma tun lokacin da wannan siga ne kai tsaye related to adadin free cajin yan dako, shi dai itace cewa da ba zai taba zama fiye da kayyade iyakoki.

Akwai dabara da damar domin sanin kauri daga cikin tsaka-zone (mika mulki pn):

L = ((E * (Uk-U)) / (2 * PI * q)) * ((Na + ND) / (Na * ND)) * 1050000,

inda Na kuma nd - yawan ionized gudunmawa da acceptors, bi da bi. Pi - 3,1416. q - da darajar da electron cajin. U - amfani da ƙarfin lantarki. Uk - bambanci a iko a gwamnatin rikon kwarya. E - darajar da dielectric akai.

A sakamakon da dabara ne da cewa ga wani gargajiya pn mika mulki diode halayyar low filin ƙarfi ne, kuma mai gwada manyan kauri. Wannan electrons iya samun wani free zone, suna bukatar karin makamashi (imparted daga waje).

Rami diodes ake amfani da su yi irin wannan iri semiconductors, wanda musanyãwa ga najasa abun ciki zuwa 10 zuwa 20 digiri (digiri -3 santimita), wanda shi ne wani tsari daban-daban daga gargajiya wadanda. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa wani ban mamaki rage a cikin kauri daga cikin miƙa mulki, da kaifi karuwa daga cikin filin tsanani a cikin pn yankin, saboda haka, abin da ya faru na rami mika mulki a lokacin da shigar da electron ga valence band ba ya bukatar ƙarin makamashi. Wannan na faruwa saboda makamashi matakin na barbashi bai sauya ba tare da nassi shãmaki. A rami diode shi ne sauƙin rarrabe daga cikin al'ada ta volt-ampere halayyar. Wannan sakamako Halicci irin karuwa a kan shi - korau bambanci juriya. Saboda wannan murhu diodes ana amfani da ko'ina a high-mita na'urorin (kauri rage pn rata sa irin wannan na'urar a high-gudun), m aunawa kayan aiki, janareto, da kuma, ba shakka, kwakwalwa.

Ko da yake yanzu lokacin da rami sakamako ne iya gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu, a duka biyu kwatance, ta hanyar kai tsaye haɗa da diode tashin hankali a miƙa mulki zone ƙaruwa, rage yawan electrons iya murhu nassi. irin ƙarfin lantarki karuwa take kaiwa zuwa cikakken bacewar na murhu halin yanzu da kuma sakamako ne kawai a kan talakawa yaxuwa (as a cikin classic diode).

Akwai kuma wani wakilin irin wannan na'urorin - da baya da baya diode. Yana wakiltar wannan rami diode, amma tare da ƙẽƙasasshen Properties. A bambanci shi ne, watsin darajar da baya dangane, a cikin abin da ya saba gyara na'urar "kulle", shi ne ya fi a kai tsaye. Sauran kaddarorin dace da rami diode: yi, low kai-amo, da ikon daidaita da m aka gyara.