Sulfides da hydrosulfides. Hydrosulfide da ammonium sulfide

By sulphides hada da kwayoyin da inorganic sinadaran mahadi, a sulfur zarra a cikin kwayoyin da aka guda biyu tare da wasu karafa ko ba-karafa. Domin inorganic sulfides hankula mahadi hydrogen sulfide (H2S), na ga aji na acid da kuma ammonium sulfide (dabara (NH4) 2s), na ga aji na salts. Har ila yau, sulfides da karafa da kuma nonmetals c janar dabara KxSy (inda K - shi ne mai karfe ko nonmetal cation, kuma S - acidic hydrogen sulphide saura, x da kuma y - adadin karfe cations da anions na acid moiety a cikin DNA, bi da bi), koma zuwa aji na salts. Ga misali, da baƙin ƙarfe sulfide (II) FeS. Organic sulfides - a sinadaran abu, wani sulfur zarra a cikin kwayoyin dangantawa da hydrocarbon radicals. Wannan mercaptides (thioethers) na janar dabara RSR ', da kuma R kuma R' - hydrocarbon radicals.

All sinadaran mahadi wanda kwayoyin dauke da wani karfe zarra, da kuma kwayoyin halitta na wasu wadanda ba karafa (boron B, phosphorus P, silicon Si, arsenic As), da nasaba da sulfur zarra (S) tare da wani mataki na hadawan abu da iskar shaka daidai debe 2, kullum dauke salts H2S hydrogen sulphide . Inorganic sulfides (sai H2S), msl, sulfide, ammonium sulfide ko boron, aka zaci su zama talakawan salts, tun biyu na hydrogen sulphide acid hydrogen atoms an maye gurbinsu da wasu cations. Idan hydrogen sulphide a cikin acid, daya kawai zarra aka maye gurbinsu cations (wanda shine na hali na alkaline ƙasa, kuma Alkali karfe), da gishiri za a iya kafa acid gishiri. Misalai na inorganic hydrosulfides (bisulfide in ba haka ba) na iya zama mahadi kamar ammonium hydrosulfide (NH4HS Formula) ko sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS). A hydrosulfides kwayoyin, da bambanci ga sulfide, ko wani acid anion saura ne HS-. Organic hydrosulfide hada mercaptans (thiols da thioalcohols) na janar dabara RSH, inda R - hydrocarbon m. Mercaptides da mercaptans ne halin da m nomenclature, don haka suka bukaci ƙarin shawara.

Mai sulfides da haske canza launi. A ruwa da narkewa kawai ammonium sulfide da sulfides Alkali karafa. Kusan insoluble a ruwa, sauran karfe sulphides. Tun da sulfides ne hydrogen sulfide salts na rauni acid, su ruwa mai narkewa wakilan za a iya hydrolyzed. Domin sulfides kafa ta karafa da wani babban hadawan abu da iskar shaka jihar ko, idan su hydroxides ne akwai mãsu rauni sansanonin (msl, Cr2S3, Al2S3, da dai sauransu), sau da yawa hydrolysis Saide mafita. Sulfides ne m rage jamiái, amsa tare da na yanayi oxygen a dagagge yanayin zafi ta samar da salts, a cikin abin da sulfur zarra yana da mafi girma mataki na hadawan abu da iskar shaka, kamar sulfates da sulfur dioxide. ammonium sulfide da ake amfani a daukar hoto, a cikin yadi masana'antu. Sulfides ana amfani da semiconductor kayan, phosphors, a magani, a fannin aikin gona.

A sulfides iya samar da hanyoyi daban-daban. Ammonium sulfide (da aka sani da wani sunan na wannan gishiri - diammonium sulfide) da aka shirya ta maida martani hydrogen sulfide tare da wani wuce haddi na ammonia: H2S + 2 NH3 → (NH4) 2s. More resistant acid gishiri na hydrogen sulfide ne da baƙin ƙarfe sulfide FeS, wanda za a iya bazu zuwa dumama a vacuo to samu shi (wannan shi ne daya daga masu yawa da aka sani hanyoyin) da rashin komowar dauki tare da sulfur iron: Fe + S → FeS.

Kwayoyin nauyi na ammonium sulfide da kuma 68,14. .. E m Gross-dabara na Hill tsarin za a iya rubuta kamar: H8N2S. A bayyanar da kama gishiri colorless lu'ulu'u. Ammonium sulfide a 20 ° C ne readily mai narkewa a cikin ruwa. Narkewa a cikin ethanol. Wannan hygroscopic abu iya mamaye danshi. A free jihar ba samu ammonium sulfide. Tun da (NH4) 2s gishiri ne m, sa'an nan ta ruwa-ruwa mafita ne kusa da hydrogen sulphide haka kunshi gaske na cakuda NH3 da NH4HS, da kuma mai ruwa-ruwa mafita daga (NH4) 2s ne a colorless ruwa tare da wani wari da ammonia da hydrogen sulfide. A dauki bayani ne alkaline da PH zuwa 9.3. A lu'ulu'u da m gishiri ne ba zai yiwu ba a rarrabe, har ma a karfi sanyaya na bayani. A sakamakon hadawan abu da iskar shaka da na yanayi oxygen da kuma samuwar polysulfides, ammonium sulfide bayani hanzari ya jũya rawaya. Saboda haka sulfide bayani ya kamata a adana a wani flask cika har zuwa marufi da kuma tam shãfe haske.

A kwayoyin nauyi ne ammonium hydrosulfide kuma 51,11. .. E m Gross-dabara na Hill tsarin za a iya rubuta kamar: H5NS. Gishiri a cikin bayyanar ne a colorless rhombic lu'ulu'u. Da yawa daga gishiri daidai 0,89 g / cm3. Narkewa batu 120 ° C (a karkashin matsin). A dakin da zazzabi da danshin da sublimation na reagent tururi. Wannan fili shi ne maras tabbas a dakin da zazzabi. The abu ne readily mai narkewa a cikin ethyl barasa da ruwan sanyi, zafi ruwa ko ya kona tare da kadan ta tsãge. Halayen ruwa-ruwa Alkali. A iska m ammonium hydrosulfide aka oxidized, don haka shi daga colorless bayani a lõkacin adana sauri jũya rawaya saboda da samuwar polysulfides. Ammonium hydrosulfide iya shirya kai tsaye ta maida martani ammonia da hydrogen sulfide a diethyl (sulfur) ko ta wucewa iska a 0 ° C a wani ammonia bayani wuce haddi hydrogen sulfide ta dauki lissafi: NH3 + H2S → NH4HS.