Antarctica - a kasa na kankara. Abin da mafi yi ka san game da Antarctica

Lalle ne, haƙĩƙa daya daga cikin mafi enigmatic kuma m wurare a duniya ne Antarctica - a kasa na kankara. A takaice bayyana wannan ban mamaki nahiyar za su yi aiki ba: ko ta yaya matalauta iya ze mana da yanayin da iyaka expanses na daskararre, akwai mai yawa ban sha'awa shimfidar. Kuma idan kafin nahiyar da aka sani kawai masu bincike da kuma na iyakacin duniya explorers, a yau da yawa daga matsananci yawon bude ido kokarin on your idanu don ganin babbar icebergs da ake yin dusar ƙanƙara hamada.

Overview

Tare da Antarctica Greek fassara a matsayin "kishiyar na Arctic." Wannan ne mai babbar nahiyar, wanda ya mamaye kudancin duniya. Ta hanyar da cibiyar yanaye shi wuce da Duniya ta axis kamar yadda yake a nan ne kudu iyakacin duniya. Game 15 murabba'in kilomita miliyan - wani yanki ne wanda ke rufe Antarctica. A kasar ne ba don kome ba cewa kankara samu wani sunan snow, saboda 1.5 murabba'in kilomita miliyan na yawan ƙasar yankin sun shagaltar da kankara shelves.

Saboda da ya zama ruwan dare da kuma m wurare Antarctica shi ne na karshe nahiyar da mutum ya gabãta. Wannan ya faru ne kawai a cikin XIX karni: Rasha balaguro jagorancin Mikhail Lazarev da Faddeem Bellinsgauzenom gano waɗannan ƙasashe. Saboda madawwamiyar sanyi da kuma m, darũruwa da suka yi ba su iya tsai da mutane. A yanayin damina, akwai sosai m: da yawan zafin jiki iya sauke zuwa -80 ° C, da garin kankara iska tanã gudu a gudun 90 m / s. Yau, da yankin ba ya cikin kowane jihar. Wakilai daga kasashe daban-daban su gudanar da bincike a nan. Antarctica - a kasa na kankara - kirki ya kula da 3000 masana kimiyya, da suka yi aiki a 37 daban-daban tashoshin.

m kankara

Su ne main janye daga nahiyar. Af, shi yana daga cikin sauran 'yan'uwanmu - mafi girma. Antarctica lẽƙãwa a teku matakin zuwa 2000 km, a cibiyar - by kamar yadda 4000. A babban ɓangare na tsawo - glacial surface cewa boyewa a cikin ƙirjinka a nahiyar jirgin kasa. Kawai game da 5% na yankin free of kankara - a yammacin da Transantarctic Mountains.

Tun da Antarctica - a kasa na kankara, ga yara da kuma manya a kundayen da aka rubuta da yawa bayani game da fim. Masana kimiyya gardamar cewa daskararre cover nan ne giant a duniya, da girman shi ne 10 sau da snow kai Greenland. Ya kunshi 30 murabba'in kilomita miliyan - wannan shi ne kashi 90% na dukan ƙasar kankara. A fasalin na nahiyar da aka dauke su a babbar adadin kankara shelves suna located a nan - a low "blue" wuraren da cewa yin up ushirin da ƙasa. Da kyau sosai icebergs, falalen saman teku matakin, wani lokacin kai babban rabbai.

daskararre tsunami

A fili yake cewa ga mutane da yawa, Antarctica ake dangantawa na musamman tare da sanyi kankara. Amma kada ka yi zaton snow samuwar su ne m yadudduka ko clumps: wani lokacin suna daukar nau'i na daskararre giant taguwar ruwa da ze sun tsaya a kan hanya, da kuma, kawar da tare da kalaman na wani sihiri Wand karfe dadi sculptures. Wannan ake kira kankara tsunami - yanzu a wuri na aikin haji domin yawon bude ido, da m kyau na wuri mai faɗi. Abin da zan iya ce - da haskaka daga cikin snow nahiyar. Clumps mamaki da kyau, tun da suka kunshi m tsanin blue kankara.

Antarctica, kasar na kankara, qawata su bãyan tẽkun a kan daruruwan shekaru. Ta frosts sun sarki mataimakin, kuma mafi aiki hannu da ruwa da rãnã a cikin tsari. samar da wani tsunami inji sauki. Da farko, da kankara ne fari, tun akwai mai yawa iska kumfa, da farko na bazara a lokacin da fallasa zuwa hasken rana shi ya narke a cikin hunturu, a kan yi akasin haka, shi ne daskararre - kuma haka ba tare da tsayawa. Amma da batu shi ne sake cikin garin kankara yadudduka tura iska kumfa, sai haske tafiyarka a cikin zurfin na kankara floe. Saboda haka, mun girma babbar turquoise daskararre tsunami, wanda a cikin bazara da kuma bazara wasa tare da dukan launuka na bakan gizo.

yanayi

M da kuma sabon abu sa'an nan duniya: Antarctica - a kasa na kankara - mafi unexplored nahiyar a duniya, sabili da haka game da Flora da fauna da aka sani ba sosai. A matsananci yanayi ya kai ga cewa mafi yawan wadannan kasashe babu rayuwa. Surface nahiyar - wani snow-rufe, ice-rufe ƙasa, inda da rana da wuta ba za ta sami ciyayi. Duk da haka, a wasu yankunan danda ƙasar nasarar girma da dama lichens, mosses da fungi. Har ila yau, akwai angiosperms da algae.

Mafi arziki Coast, musamman a kudancin Antarctica. Saboda haka, akwai mutane da yawa breeds na tsuntsaye, daga cikinsu alama ce da nahiyar - da penguins da cormorants, petrels, skuas. Tẽku kankara ji da kyau sabili da haka rayayye rayuwa da kuma haifa maniyyi Whales, blue Whales kuma da dama pinnipeds. Mafi yawa daga Antarctica da aka located sama da Arctic Circle: a nan akwai dogon iyakacin duniya kwanaki da dare. A iyakacin duniya suka isa watanni shida, don haka don ganin fitowar rana da kuma faɗuwar rana akwai iya zama kawai sau daya a shekara.

Erebus

Oddly isa, amma a cikin permafrost, da kuma shimfiɗã ta na snow kuma shi ne mafi aiki aman wuta a duniya. Yana da aka fara gani a tsakiyar XIX karni, da balaguro na Burtaniya: shi iyo tare da bakin tekun na nahiyar. Daya daga Birtaniya tasoshin da ake kira "Erebus" - Saboda haka sunan aman wuta. Domin da farko lokacin da mutum ya tashi zuwa saman Maris 10, 1908. A zamaninmu, da tsawo daga cikin wuta duwãtsu - game da 3794 mita saman teku matakin, shi ne kullum wata babbar bakin dutse spewing ja-zafi girgije na tururi.

Antarctica, kasar na kankara, na iya zama alfahari da Erebus. Bayan duk, wannan shi ne daya daga cikin uku volcanoes a duniya cewa boyewa a cikin zurfin inexhaustible lawa lake. Bugu da kari ga giant Arctic inexhaustible reserves na ruwa lawa ne kawai a Kilauea a Hawaii da kuma Nyiragongo a Afirka. A cikin karni na karshe akwai 8 eruptions, da most - a shekara ta 1972. Yana da ban sha'awa, amma surface ne cike da gidajen gona da Erebus kankara hasumiyoyin m da m siffofi - wannan garin kankara da tururi geysers da lawa da cewa bai taba-kawo karshen rafi na hit subsoil rashin tsoro dutsen.

bushe kwaruruka

Mutane da yawa ban sha'awa facts za a iya koya daga shirya wani rahoto a kan babban yankin ko da aikin. Antarctica - a kasa na kankara, amma wanda zai yi tunanin cewa wannan shi ne inda yake sarrafa giza wuri a duniya. Kusan shekaru miliyan biyu da babu ruwan sama. Dalilin duk da tsananin iska da cewa suna tafiya a gudun 320 km / h: danshi evaporates, sun bayar da cikakken rashin snow da ruwan sama a cikin gida yankin. Kuma duk da cewa shi ne yada fitar a cikin Dry kwaruruka Lake vida, da onis - mafi tsawo kogin a Antarctica.

Abin mamaki, akwai da yawa m da kyau wurare. Alal misali, Don Giovanni - mafi m lake a duniya, da gishiri taro a wanda kamar yadda 40%, wanda shi ne guda biyu har fiye da sau Tekun Gishiri. Dry kwaruruka suna sha'awar wakilan NASA, saboda gida sauyin yanayi sosai kama Mars. Kowace rana da Amirkawa suna yin bincike, wanda, ba zato ba tsammani, shi ne quite nasara. Su ka damar gano da yawa kwayoyin da suke da wani wasiya ga cewa rayuwa a cikin ja duniya har yanzu akwai shi.

jini Falls

Yana da yake a cikin Dry kwaruruka, wani Australian harkokin kimiyya, kuma a fanning binciken kasa Griffith Taylor a 1911 ya gano wani ban mamaki wuri: daga wata katuwar gleiser malalo mai haske ja qarqashinsu. Da farko mun yi zaton launi daga cikin ruwa yana cikin ja algae, amma wannan version daidai bane. Kawai bayan shekaru da dama, masana kimiyya ya gano asirin Blood Falls: The tushen ƙunshi babban adadin ferrous baƙin ƙarfe ne oxidized da iska, jũya zuwa tsatsa. The sosai guda karfe - samfurin na metabolism na daban-daban kwayoyin cewa zauna wadannan ruwayen.

Ruwa a Blood Falls isa: shi zo daga tafkin, wanda yake a ɓõye, a cikin zurfin gleiser a zurfin mita 400. Animals inhabiting shi a amince tsira da in babu oxygen, zafi da haske. Ko da yake mutane da yawa sun fi sha'awar a cikin tambaya da inda ya aikata dukan abin da ya iya samar da wani real waterfall, saboda Antarctica - a kasa na kankara, da bi, yawan zafin jiki a nan shi ne ko da yaushe m. Kuma abu daga cikin wannan gishiri. A nahiyar ruwan yana da gaske da yawa, don haka da marẽmari ba daskare ko a sosai biting sanyi.