Ekaterina 2: manufar haskaka absolutism (takaice). Empress Catherine mai girma

Catherine II Alekseevna sarauta daga 1741 zuwa 1796. Ta yi kokarin ci gaba da shakka cewa ɗauki Bitrus I. Amma shi ma ya so ya bi sharuddan da New Age. A lokacin da ta sarautar akwai da dama zurfi administrative gyãra, kuma ya muhimmanci kumbura da ƙasa na daular. A Empress sun himmatu da kuma ikon da manyan dattaku.

Dalilin da Catherine II ta sarautar

Legalization hakkokin mutum azuzuwan - makasudin cewa kafa da kanta Catherine 2. The siyasa na haskaka absolutism, a takaice - zamantakewa tsarin, lokacin da monarch yake sane da cewa yana da wani wakĩli na daular, yayin da aji sane da ta ɗauki alhakin aikin mulki monarch. Ekaterina Velikaya so da ƙawance tsakanin monarch da jama'a da aka sanya ba ta tilas ba, amma da son rai wayar da kan jama'a su hakkoki da wajibai. A wannan lokaci, shi taimaka ga inganta harkokin ilimi, kasuwanci da masana'antu, kimiyya. Aikin Jarida ma ya samo asali a cikin wannan lokaci. Faransa haske - Diderot, Voltaire - su ne wadanda aikin da aka shiryar da Ekaterina 2. The siyasa na haskaka absolutism an taƙaita kasa.

Mene ne "haskaka absolutism"?

Policy na haskaka absolutism dauki wani yawan kasashen Turai (Prussia, Sweden, Portugal, Austria, Denmark, Spain da sauransu. D.). Jigon da manufar haskaka absolutism - wani ƙoƙari monarch m canza su jiha daidai da canza yanayin rayuwa. Wannan ya zama dole domin kauce wa juyin juya halin.

A akida Dalili na haskaka absolutism abubuwa biyu:

1. Haskakarka falsafa.
2. Rukunan Kirista.

Tare da wannan shiri ya kamata su rage jihar baki a cikin tattalin arzikin, Ana ɗaukaka kuma codifying dokokin, hukunci aji. da coci ma ya sallama wa jihar katsalandan dan lokaci rasa ƙarfi, littafin bugu da kuma ilimi da aka karfafa.

majalisar Dattijan gyara

Daya daga cikin na farko da sake fasalin na Catherine II ya yin gyare-gyare na majalisar dattijai. Umurnin Disamba 15, 1763 canza sharuddan da tunani da kuma tsarin da majalisar dattijai. Yanzu ya ya aka hana majalisu iko. Yanzu ya kasance yin kawai iko aiki, ya kuma kasance cikin mafi girman shari'a jiki.

Tsarin canje-canje raba majalisar dattijai 6 sassan. Kowane daga cikinsu yana da kyau a tsare iko. Kamar haka ta ƙara ta yadda ya dace, kamar yadda da tsakiyar iko. Amma wannan majalisar dattijai ya zama kayan aiki a cikin rukaz iko. Ya yi biyayya da empress.

Majalisar Dokokin Hukumar

A 1767 Ekaterina Velikaya gudanar da dokoki Hukumar. Its manufar da yake nuna hadin kan monarch da talakawansa. Domin samar da wata hukumar zaben da aka gudanar a azuzuwan, ba su hada da kadaice manoma. A sakamakon haka, hukumar da 572 wakilai,: da nobility, hukumomin gwamnati, manoma, da kuma Cossacks. Hukumar ayyuka sun ha] a jawo sama da code na dokokin, da kuma Conciliar The Code of 1649 aka maye gurbinsu. Bugu da kari, ya kamata wajen samar da matakan ga serfs sauƙaƙe rayuwarsu. Amma wannan ya jagoranci wani tsaga daga cikin hukumar. Kowace kungiya na 'yan majalisar dokokin kare maslahar su. Shawara ci gaba domin haka tsawo cewa Ekaterina Velikaya fara tunani game da yadda za a daina aiki gudanar da wakilai,. Hukumar yi aiki na tsawon shekaru shida da aka narkar a farkon Rasha-Turkish yaki.

haruffa patent

A cikin tsakiyar 70 ta kuma farkon 90 ta Catherine II biyã manyan sauye-sauye. Dalilin wadannan sauye-sauye ne Pugachev tawaye. Saboda haka, akwai bukatar ka ƙarfafa monarchical iko. Yanã shimfida ikon karamar hukumar, kara yawan larduna, Sich soke, serfdom aka mika ga Ukraine, da mai masauki ya karu da ikon manoma. Lardin jagorancin Gwamnan wanda ke da alhakin dukan kõme. Generalgouvernement hadawa da dama larduna.

Haruffa patent birane tun 1775 mika su hakkin su kai gwamnati. Yana kuma da warware 'yan kasuwa daga conscription da zabe haraji. Business suka fara samar. Magajin garin gudu da birni, da kuma shugabannin zabe da daraja taro, County gwamna.

Kowane aji yanzu yana da kansa musamman shari'a ma'aikata. A tsakiyar gwamnatin canja cibiyar nauyi a cikin gida cibiyoyin. Matsaloli da kuma al'amurran da suka shafi An warware yawa sauri.

A 1785 Yarjejeniya zama hujja daga daraja outlaws, wanda ya gabatar da Bitrus III. Manyansu ne yanzu kebe daga Kofur azãba da kwata na dukiya. Bugu da kari, za su iya haifar da gwamnatoci.

wasu sauye-sauye

A dama sauran gyara aikinsa, da aka yi, lokacin da siyasa ta haskaka absolutism da aka gudanar. Tebur nuna wasu muhimmanci da sake fasalin na Empress.

The New Deal bai kama

Policy na haskaka absolutism a Rasha ya short-rayu. Bayan juyin juya halin a Faransa a 1789, da empress yanke shawarar canza manufofin. Sai ya zama tsananta yin katsalandan na littattafai da jaridu.

Catherine Mai girma Rasha Empire juya a cikin wani iko, mai iko ikon duniya. The nobility wani galihu dukiya, da nobility kumbura hakkin a kai-gwamnati. Mun samar da kyakkyawan yanayi ga kasar don ci gaba wajen samar da tattalin arziki. Duk wannan lokaci don yin Catherine 2. The siyasa na haskaka absolutism, a takaice, a Rasha don adana da kuma karfafa cikakkar daular mulkinsu da kuma feudalism. Ainihin ideas na Diderot da Voltaire ya ba riƙi tushen: siffofin shugabanci ba a soke, kuma mutane ba su zama daidai. A akasin wannan, bambanci tsakanin azuzuwan da aka kawai tsananta. A kasar da cin hanci ta wadãta. Mutane ba su ji free to ba cin hanci. Abin da ya jagoranci siyasa bin Catherine 2, manufofin da haskaka absolutism? Yana za a iya taƙaice bayyana kamar haka: gaba daya rushe kudi tsarin da, a matsayin wani sakamako, mai tsanani tattalin arziki da rikicin.