Mene ne cunkoso (lokaci)? zamanin stagnation a cikin tarihi na Tarayyar Soviet

Duk wanda ya yi karatu tarihi a makaranta ko kawai haifa a cikin 60s. karshe karni, ya sani cewa Brezhnev zamanin, wasu masana tarihi sun kira a hanya ta musamman. Sun yi imani da cewa shi ne a "stagnation" - wani lokaci halin da canning da haihuwa kwaminisanci tsarin mulki. Duk da haka, wasu daga cikin masana tarihi ya nuna bambancin ra'ayi tare da wannan lokaci.

Ka yi la'akari da iyakacin duniya wuraren view a kan wannan batu a cikin mafi daki-daki.

Lokaci frame lokaci

An yi imani da cewa wannan mataki a cikin ci gaban da Soviet jihar fara ne da zuwan su ikon wani sabon babban sakataren. Sunansa Brezhnev, Leonid Ilyich. Ya bayyana a cikin post ba zato ba tsammani, saboda da son rai-wajibi kula "kawo canji" fensho NS Khrushchev a farkon 60-ies. karshe karni.

Brezhnev ta sarautar dade shekaru 18. Overall, wannan ya kasance wani ƙoƙari don adana da nasarorin da Tarayyar Soviet, wanda kasar ta samu karkashin Stalin.

Halaye na shekaru

A bambanci ga m Stalin, Leonid Brezhnev ne m hali da kuma rashin so ga wani sabon abu na zamantakewa canji. A zamanin mulkinsa, ta daina tsarkakewa na jam'iyyar inji, wanda a yarda da jami'ai da aiki a matsayin su ba tare da tsoron ana kora. Talakawa Soviet 'yan ƙasa, da yawa kasa tsoro na hukuma, sau da yawa tattauna matsaloli na gurguzu jama'a a iyali tattaunawa a ta kitchen, jiran canji.

A asirce suka fara samar kasuwar ciniki saboda karancin abinci da kuma mabukaci kaya, wanda da gudummawar da zargin da baki makircinsu merchanting.

A general stagnation - wani lokaci a cikin tarihi da Tarayyar Soviet na musamman. A daya hannun, wannan epoch ne halin kwanciyar hankali da natsuwa harkar. A daya hannun, da Soviet mutane, rufe da Iron Curtain, shi ne ƙara zaton jari hujja duniya ma yana da nasa abũbuwan amfãni, kuma mafarkin na faruwa a kasashen waje. musamman labari da aka halitta da cewa da mutumin yammaci ya kullum a raye yawa mafi alhẽri kuma mafi dadi fiye da wani dan kasa na Tarayyar Soviet.

A tabbatacce fasali na zamani

A tsawon stagnation a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da halin da dama siffofin da aka halayyar kawai wannan lokaci:

1. Barga ci gaban al'adu, zane-zane, da ilimi, kimiyya, salla yi.

Yana da aka a cikin Brezhnev zamanin, mutane da yawa sun iya samun dogon-jiran m Apartments. Active gina sababbin gidaje kadarori, a lokaci guda tare da wanda ya aike kindergartens, kiwon lafiya kananan dakunan shan magani, makarantu, yara art manyan gidãje.

Raya tsarin ilimi, bude jami'o'i. Kowane saurayi wanda ya fito daga larduna, da yana da wani kadan adadin kudi iya zuwa wata babbar jami'a, idan ka yi a kan ikon da ilmi. Har ila yau, kiwon lafiya da aka samuwa ga jama'a.

Kuma ilimi, da kuma magani sun gaske free.

2. Social tabbacin

Gwamnati na bayar da zamantakewa tsaro ga al'ummarta. Saboda haka kowa da kowa zai iya samun aiki, don taimaka wa kansu da kuma iyalansu. M katsalandan na kafofin watsa labarai a yarda a sarrafa kwarara daga bayanai, don haka shi ya kullum kasance mai kyau. A soja ikon Tarayyar Soviet sanya shi yiwuwa a rike da makiyan mu na jiha a rajistan shiga da kuma bai sa ran wani hari daga waje.

By kuma manyan, da Brezhnev stagnation shi ne mafi m lokaci a cikin tarihi da Tarayyar Soviet.

Korau fasali na zamani

za a ambata a cikin korau siffofin su ne:

1. Rayuwa a tsawon stagnation an wahala da cewa talakawa} ba su da isasshen mabukaci kaya - tufafi da iyali abubuwa, kazalika a takaice wadata da wasu abinci. Haka ya faru a yankin na abinci saboda gaskiyar cewa da yawa a yankunan karkara mutane migrating zuwa birane, ba so zuwa aiki a kan na gama gonaki. Tun da Soviet haramta shi tsarin muhimmanci rage su matsa lamba, da ikon su hana irin wannan sabon muhallinsa iya ba.
2. Rayayye ɓullo da soja masana'antu da kuma soja fasahar, amma bai ci gaba ya zuwa yankuna, wanda sun jagoranci zuwa fitowan a cikin West na fasaha sababbin abubuwa: video rubũtãwa, 'yan wasa da kuma sauran kayayyaki. Wannan shã'aninku taso karin riba a cikin kayayyakin na jari hujja duniya ta Soviet mutane.
3. Shugabannin jam'iyyar ba a updated tare da sabon mutane, tsufa. A gaskiya, shi ya zo don wakiltar rufaffiyar kabila, wanda ba zai iya samun saba m manajoji, duk da muhimmanci mahada: da aka ba su, da kuma babban matsayi a al'umma, da kuma samun musamman amfanin da hakkin a Soviet al'umma.
4. A ideas na gurguzanci da kuma kwaminisanci hankali fadi cikin disrepair, mafi yawan jama'arta sun rasa bangaskiya cikin wadannan akida, kuma kun yi jiran gyara daga cikin akida da bangaren da rai.

Wanda farko da ake kira tsawon "stagnation"?

Domin da farko lokacin da Brezhnev lokaci na "stagnation" kira wani matashi da alamar Sakatare Janar Mikhail Gorbachev, da yake magana da masu sauraro a shekarar 1986. Mutane da yawa sun kasance a yarjejeniyar da Sakatare Janar na ra'ayi. A kasar da aka jiran canji, mutane fatan cewa bayan wannan zamanin na "mutuwa tsohon maza" (Brezhnev, Andropov da Chernenko) ya zo da wani sabon rai.

Abin baƙin ciki, wadannan fatan aka dashed: kasar da aka jiran wani lokaci na sake fasalin kudin (wanda astute Falsafa Zinoviev kira "katosroykoy"), da rushewar zaman juyi da kuma nauyi zamanin a duniya a auka daga cikin 90-ies.

Brezhnev ta stagnation - a lokacin farkon da lalata da Tarayyar Soviet?

Yau, masana tarihi ne sosai daban-daban kimomi da mataki na ci gaba na kasar mu. Masana kimiyya m sansanin ce cewa Tarayyar Soviet fara karya saukar a wannan lokacin, da kuma Gorbachev ya kawai ya gama da wani tsari na komowar auka daga cikin kasar.

A general, wadannan masana tarihi da kansa tsohon Tarayyar Soviet ba musamman so, imani da cewa ta hallaka kawai amfana da mutãne gabã ɗaya.

Sauran malamai rike da m matsayi. A musamman, suka yi imani da cewa stagnation - wani lokaci na ci gaban kasar baki wuya, amma har yanzu tabbatacce. A gaskiya, shi ne wata kasa ƙoƙari don ƙirƙirar "gurguzanci mai fuskar mutum", ba tare da Stalin ta haramta shi tsarin.

Saboda haka, a yau, wasu na mu yan'uwanmu 'yan ƙasa daga cikin mazan tsara lokaci na stagnation a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da aka kiyasta gaskiya ma. Suka ce cewa a lokacin ji goyon baya daga jihar, ya san cewa su ba zai iya kawai sa a kashe daga aiki, za su iya jira to sami high quality, kuma free kula da lafiya, da kuma mai kyau da ilimi da kuma ma free.