Shekaru bakwai 'War 1756-1763: dalilan da sakamakon

Shekaru bakwai 'War 1756-1763 gg. Da shi shi ne sakamakon mai yawan sabani tsakanin kasashen Turai. Babban dalilin da shawara shi ne tambaya na ƙungiyar ƙasa tsakanin kasashen biyu. Bugu da kari, cikin hali na tashin kasance saboda da rearrangement na sojojin a nahiyar da kuma take hakkin gargajiya balance. Kamar yadda wani sabon karfi da kuma contender ga jagorancin sanya Prussia, wanda tsananta bayan da Accession zuwa kursiyin a talented m Frederick II a 1740. Wannan ya sa damuwa tsakanin wani yawan jagorancin kasashen Turai, wanda ya haifar da farkon yakin.

Janar siyasa halin da ake ciki

Shekaru bakwai 'War 1756-1763 gg. Yana ta taso ne saboda da dama rikice-rikice tsakanin manyan Turai iko. Gaskiyar cewa a dacewa lokaci, kasashen biyu ya yi yaƙi domin da hakkin ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaba a cikin kasa da kasa fagen fama. Faransa da Ingila ta shiga cikin wani dogon lokaci na rikici, wanda ya yi makawa makamai rikici tsakanin su. A wannan lokaci, kasashen biyu sun hau kan mulkin mallaka ci, da kuma tsakanin su ne m gogayya tashi domin na ƙungiyar yankuna da duniyoyin da tasiri. Babban fagen fama da adawa fara North American kuma Indian ƙasa. A waɗannan ƙasashe, biyu adawa bangarorin kullum fuskanci tabbatar da dalilin da iyakoki da kuma redistribution yankunan. Yana da wadannan sabani, sun ɓatar to soja rikici.

Fage karo

Shekaru bakwai 'War 1756-1763 gg. a matsayin sakamakon karawa da Prussian jihar. Frederick II sanya wani sosai yaƙi-cancantar sojojin matsayin da wanda ya sanya da dama seizures, saboda abin da kasarsa da kuma taso kan iyakoki. Wannan fadada kasance saboda Austria, daga inda ya ɗauki Silesian asashe. Silesia kasance daya daga cikin mafi arziki da yankunan jihar, kuma wannan asara da aka gagarumin lalacewar jihar. Ba abin mamaki ba, saboda haka, cewa Empress Maria Theresa sha'awar da dawowar rasa asashe. A cikin wadannan yanayi, da Prussian mulki da zai nemi taimako daga Ingila, wanda, bi da bi, ya nema ya amince da Turai dũkiyarku (Hannover), kuma shi ma sha'awar goyon bayan adana waɗannan ƙasashe wa kansu.

Shekaru bakwai 'War 1756-1763 gg. kuma shi ne sakamakon rikice-rikice tsakanin Ingila da Faransa ga bangare na mulkin mallaka asashe, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama. Our kasar ta kuma yana da dalilin da ya sa hannu a cikin wani m adawa. A gaskiya cewa ikirarin na Prussian jihar barazanar duniyoyin da tasiri a Poland, da Baltic kan iyakoki. Bugu da kari, Rasha tun da 1740s. Yana daura da Austria yarjejeniyar tsarin. A wannan hasashe akwai wani rapprochement na kasar mu da Faransa, ta haka ne ya dauki siffar anti-Prussian hadaka.

A farkon adawa

A Sanadin shekaru bakwai War 1756-1763 gg. m ta m ikon yinsa. A cikin shakka daga jagorancin Turai ikon da aka kõma a cikin yãƙi. Bugu da kari, shi kafa da dama fronts yaƙi: Continental, North American, India da kuma sauransu. Wannan soja adawa m toshe balance mulki a Yammacin Turai da kuma canza ta geopolitical taswira.

Shekaru bakwai 'War 1756-1763 gg. Yana fara tare da kai hari a kan Sarkin Prussia Saxony. A lissafi na wannan mulki ya da wadannan: an shirya don ƙirƙirar nan a springboard for kai hare-hare a kan abokan gaba. Austria, haka ma, yana so ya yi amfani da matsayin m yankin zuwa replenish su sojojin da kuma kafa fita ya dauki amfani da ta tattalin arziki da kuma kayan albarkatun. Ya mayar da Saxon hari da kuma shagaltar da waɗannan ƙasashe. Bayan wannan nasara, Sarkin Prussia aikatã game da jerin naushe ga Austrians, ya ko da ya dauki a kan wasu lokaci a Prague, amma daga baya Austria sojojin sãmar da wani kashi a birnin Kolin. Duk da haka, da Prussian sojojin ci a Leuthen, ta haka ne tanadi na asali ma'auni na sojojin.

ci gaba yãƙi

Shigarwa cikin yaki da Faransa ƙwarai wuya halin da ake ciki na Prussian sarki, amma duk da haka ya gudanar ya sa sabon abokin mai tsanani buga a Rossbach. Sa'an nan fada ya barke cikin kasar. Rasha sojojin da aka dauki daya daga cikin karfi a Turai, amma ba zai yi anfanin ta a mutunta mutane da yawa saboda gaskiyar cewa generals shekaru bakwai na yaki 1756-1763 gg. kasa yin cikakken amfani da da damar. A na farko mafi girma a yaƙi kwamandan Apraksin, duk da nasara a kan abokan gaba, ba zato ba tsammani ba da umurni ga koma baya. Next yaƙi Fermor jagoranci Ingila. A karkashin ya jagoranci, da sojojin Rasha suka sashi a cikin daya daga cikin mummunan fadace-fadace a lokacin yakin neman soja na shekara ta biyu na yaki. Yaƙin bai kawo ba gefen wani hukunci nasara. Battle Zorndorf daya daga cikin Sahaban kira da strangest yaƙi.

Nasara na Rasha makamai

Shekaru bakwai 'War 1756-1763 gg., Ya takaita da aka fi ruwaito a cikin makarantu a dangane da sa hannu na Rasha, a cikin shekara ta uku ta ta ci gaba da ya shiga wani hukunci lokaci na yaki. Wannan ya fi mayar saboda da nasarar lashe ta Rasha sojojin karkashin jagorancin wani sabon kwamandan Saltykov. Ya sosai wayo, kuma rare daga mutãne. A karkashin ya jagoranci, da Rasha, sojoji lashe ta Mabayyani nasara a Kunersdorf. Sai Prussian sojojin da aka karya, da kuma a gaban sarki ya tashi a real barazana ga kama ta babban birnin jihar. Maimakon haka, kawance da sojojin suka tattara, kamar yadda kasar anti-Prussian kawance fara zargin juna da keta wajibai.

The m hanya na aiki

Duk da haka, Frederick II halin da ake ciki shi ne musamman wuya. Ya yi kira ga Burtaniya domin taimako, tambayar ta ta yi aiki a matsayin mai shiga tsakani a lokacin taron duniya. Shekaru bakwai 'War 1756-1763 gg. a takaice game da rahoton da aka sanya a dangane da sama yaƙi amma duk da haka ya ci gaba saboda matsayin Rasha da kuma Austria, wanda aka yi nufi ga sa ya abokin gaba da hukunci da karshe duka. Sarkin Prussia sa lalacewar da Austrians, amma duk da haka tsaro sun zalunci. Sojojinsa rasa ta fada iya aiki, wanda ya shafi cikin hali na tashin. A 1760, Rasha da kuma Austria sojojin sun shagaltar da babban birnin kasar na jihar tasa. Ba da da ewa, duk da haka, da suka da aka tilasta su bar shi, ya koya daga cikin m na sarki. A wannan shekara, da karshe manyan yaƙi na basasa, inda Sarkin Prussia har yanzu fito da nasara. Amma ya aka ƙãre: daya yaki ya rasa kusan rabin sojojinsa. Bugu da kari, a kan sakandare fronts abokan adawarsa sun samu nasarori.

A karshe mataki

A Sanadin shekaru bakwai War 1756-1763 gg. tasiri a kan siffofin da yaƙi. A gaskiya manyan fadace-fadace a Turai fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa tsakanin Prussia da kuma Austria, tare da gudummawar kasar mu. Duk da haka, a dangane da mutuwar da Rasha empress ya kaifi canji a kasashen waje da manufofin lokacin da magaji. A sabon sarki koma Sarkin Prussia duk sojojin Rasha sun shagaltar da ƙasar, ya sa hannu shi zaman lafiya da wani alkawari daga ƙawance da kuma ko da ya aiko shi don taimaka ta soja gidaje. Wannan m canji a zahiri hankali ajiye Prussia daga karshe shan kashi.

Duk da haka, ya koma kursiyin Catherine II soke yarjejeniyar, amma duk da haka, har yanzu ba ji m isa a babban birnin kasar, bai sabunta cikin yãƙi. Saboda haka, ta hanyar wannan lokaci kusan cika shekaru bakwai War 1756-1763. Rasha ya dauki mai aiki bangare a shi, amma bai yi wani yankin samu. Sarkin Prussia, shan amfani da wannan jinkiri, da Austrians sãmar da dama tsanani naushe, amma ya zama a bayyane yake cewa albarkatu na ƙasar za su ba ja da ci gaba da jini fadace-fadace.

North American gaban a adawa

Fighting ne ba'a iyakance zuwa Turai nahiyar. A m gwagwarmaya fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa a North America, inda Birtaniya ci karo da Faransa duniyoyin da tasiri. A cikin shekaru biyar tsakanin bangarorin biyu ya da wani gwagwarmayar rinjãye tashoshin jiragen ruwa, birane da kuma birãnensu. Shekaru bakwai 'War 1756-1763, short of wanda suka ce kawai dangane da wani karo na iko a kan Turai nahiyar, share, don haka ƙasar da kuma kasashen waje. A mafi m adawa fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa for Quebec. A sakamakon haka, France da aka ci kuma rasa Canada.

Aikace aikace a Indiya

A gwagwarmaya tsakanin wadannan ikokin da kuma ci gaba a Indiya, inda Birtaniya consistently koro Faransa daga mukaminsu. Shi ne halayyar cewa gwagwarmaya da aka yi, a ƙasar da kuma a kan teku. A karshe, British sojojin koro Faransa daga mukaminsu a 1760. Wannan nasara ya sāke Ingila a cikin most mulkin mallaka, kuma a karshe hore Indiya da iko.

effects

Shekaru bakwai 'War 1756-1763, sakamakon wanda zahiri canza taswirar na Turai da kuma ma'auni na sojojin tsakanin manyan ikokin ya zama watakila babbar soja da siyasa da kabilanci a nahiyar a cikin tsakiyar 18th karni. A sakamakon wannan tsanani adawa ya jagoranci wani redistribution na mulkin mallaka yankuna da duniyoyin da tasiri tsakanin jihohi. Babban sakamako daga cikin gwagwarmaya ta da canji na Ingila a cikin most mulkin mallaka daular a kasar. Wannan kasar ta matse matsayinsu a Faransa ta babban abokin hamayyarsa kuma dauki jagorantar matsayi a cikin baza na duniyoyin da tasiri.

Sharuddan yarjejeniyar

A sakamakon shekaru bakwai 'War 1756-1763 gg. tasiri, da farko a kan redistribution na yankuna. A cikin shekara na karshen fama ayyukan da aka rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya a karkashin abin da Faransa rasa Canada, bada wannan yanki ta kishiya, wanda kuma sanya da dama wasu manyan yankin samu. Faransa ta wuri bayan wannan yarjejeniya ƙwarai girgiza. Duk da haka, abin da yawa sun gudummawar ciki dalilai: a kasar da aka Brewing wani tsanani rikicin, wanda a cikin sa 'yan shekarun da suka gabata da juyin juya halin.

A wannan shekara, Prussia da kuma Austria rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya a karkashin abin da shi ya kasance domin Silesia da kuma wasu sauran ƙasashe. Saboda wadannan jayayya yankuna na biyu jihohi na dogon lokaci da suka kasance a maƙiya a tsakaninsu. Amma Frederick II kusan nan da nan bayan da yaki ya dauki wani hanya na rapprochement tare da Rasha. Shekaru bakwai 'War 1756-1763, da dalilai, da sakamakon wanda ya m da ci gaban da Turai iko ga wani karni gaba, wani sabon rarraba m dangantakar da wajibai. Domin Rasha, babban sakamakon haka ne cewa ta sami m kwarewa a cikin hali na tashin a cikin adawa da manyan ikokin na nahiyar. Yana zo daga cikin mahalarta a cikin yaki generals Catherine ta lokaci, wanda ya bayar da yawan m nasarori da kasar mu. Duk da haka, babu yankin samu daular aikata ba. A sabon sarkin bai bayyana yaki a kan Sarkin Prussia, ko da yake kare karya yarjejeniyar kawance da shi, ya sa hannu ta mijinta.

matsayi na jam'iyyun

The most yawan sojoji rasa a cikin wannan yaki Austria. Asarar da manyan abokan gaba da aka halved. Akwai wani ra'ayi da cewa a sakamakon yaki, inda suka kashe fiye da mutane miliyan biyu. Domin shiga a cikin yaki ƙarfafa UK aiki na ta North American mazauna. A musamman, suka ƙara haraji, Ya halitta dukan irin cikas ga bunkasa masana'antu a nahiyar, wanda, bi da bi, ya jagoranci wani m fashewa da ke damunsu da mulkin mallaka, wanda daga bisani ya dauki makamai, da suka fara wani yaki for 'yancin kai. Wasu masu tarihi neman amsar wata tambaya cewa ya yarda Prussia ƙarshe lashe, duk da cewa a kan da dama lokatai ta m kasance a cikin wani sosai wuya halin da ake ciki, wanda ya sha nanata barazanar karshe shan kashi. A yawan masana ya gano wadannan dalilai: bambancin ra'ayi a tsakanin masõya, da mutuwa da Rasha Empress kuma m juya kasashen waje da manufofin. Duk da haka, mafi muhimmanci da ya kamata a gane, ba shakka, na farko da dalili. A m da kuma hukunci lokacin da kawayenta ba su sãmi wani yare gama-gari, wanda ya jagoranci wani bambancin ra'ayi a tsakanin su, wanda zai iya amfana da Prussian m.

Domin da sosai wannan Prussian nasara da shi yana da matukar muhimmanci ga duka biyu cikin gida da kuma kasashen waje da manufofin ci gaba kasa. Bayan da yaki, ta zama daya daga cikin manyan ikokin a Turai. Wannan kara aiwatar da daidaituwa da fragmented Jamus ƙasashe cikin guda jihar mahaluži, kuma shi ne a karkashin shugabancin wannan kasa. Saboda haka, jihar ya zama kafuwar sabuwar kasashen Turai - Jamus. Saboda haka, zamu iya cewa yaki ya na kasa da kasa muhimmancin, kamar yadda ta sakamako da sakamakon tasiri ba kawai a kan matsayin da kasashen Turai, amma kuma a kan matsayin da mazauna a kan sauran nahiyoyi.