Artificial nauyi ne da kuma yadda za ka ƙirƙiri

Ko mutane ba su da sha'awar a sarari, taba gani a movie game da sarari tafiya ko karanta game da irin wannan abubuwa a littattafai. Kusan dukkan wadannan mutane zuwa ga ayyukan jirgin, al'ada barci, ba da matsaloli tare da cin abinci. Wannan yana nufin cewa wadannan - ƙagagge - The jirgin yana wucin gadi nauyi. Mafi yawa daga cikin masu sauraro tsinkayen da shi a matsayin wani abu quite halitta, kuma a gaskiya wannan ba gaskiya ba ne.

wucin gadi nauyi

Saboda haka muke kira wani canji (a cikin ko dai shugabanci) saba mana nauyi da ake ji hanyoyin daban-daban. Kuma wannan ne yake aikata ba kawai a cikin ayyuka na almarar ba, amma a cikin sosai real duniya yanayi, mafi sau da yawa, domin gwaje-gwajen.

A ka'idar, halittar wucin gadi nauyi ba ya duba cewa wuya. Alal misali, za ka iya sake haifar da shi ta amfani da inertia, mafi daidai, da centrifugal karfi. Bukatar wannan ikon bai bayyana jiya - shi ya faru da zaran mutane suka fara mafarkin wani dogon lokaci sarari flights. Halittar wucin gadi nauyi a sarari zai sa ya yiwu don kauce wa da yawa daga cikin matsalolin tasowa daga tsawon lokaci a weightlessness. A 'yan saman jannati girma rauni tsokoki, da ƙasũsuwa zama kasa karfi. Tafiya a cikin wadannan yanayi watanni, za ka iya samun wasu tsoka atrophy.

Saboda haka, a yau halittar wucin gadi nauyi - wani aiki na muhimmancin gaske, wajen nazarin sararin samaniya ba tare da wannan feat ne ba zai yiwu ba.

materiel

Har ma da wadanda suka san kawai kimiyyar lissafi manhaja matakin, fahimta cewa nauyi - daya daga cikin muhimman hakkokin dokokin na mu duniya: dukkan jiki hulɗa tare da juna, da fuskantar wata juna janye / tunkuxe. A ya fi girma cikin jiki, da girma da iko na janye.

Land domin mu gaskiya - a sosai m abu. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa kowane guda jiki a kusa da shi ya janyo hankulan.

Domin mu wannan yana nufin cikin hanzari da nauyi, wanda mafi yawa ana auna a g, daidai 9.8 mita square biyu. Wannan yana nufin cewa idan underfoot mu ba da goyon baya, za mu sun auku a wani kudi kara kowane biyu zuwa 9.8 mita.

Saboda haka, kawai ta nauyi, muna iya tsaya, fada, ci da sha kullum, to fahimci inda saman, inda kasa. Idan janye zai bace - za mu zama a cikin sifili nauyi.

Musamman saba da wannan sabon abu 'yan saman jannati sami kansu a cikin wani sarari a Jihar iyo - free fall.

Rubuce, masana kimiyya san yadda za ka ƙirƙiri da wucin gadi nauyi. Akwai da dama dabaru.

A babban taro

A mafi ma'ana wani zaɓi - yi da kumbon sama jannati don haka manyan cewa shi ya tashi wucin gadi nauyi. A cikin jirgi, za ka iya jin dadi, saboda babu fuskantarwa a sarari za a rasa.

Abin takaici, wannan hanya ne ba mai idon basira a yanzu ci gaban fasaha. Don gina irin wannan makaman bukatar da yawa albarkatun. Bugu da kari, wani m adadin kuzari da ake bukata domin ta dawo da.

hanzari

Zai ze cewa idan kana so ka isa g, daidai da qasa, mun kawai bukatar bayar da jirgin wani lebur (platformoobraznuyu) tsari da kuma samun shi don motsawa perpendicular da jirgin saman da ake so hanzari. A wannan hanya, wucin gadi nauyi da aka samu, da kuma - wani manufa.

Duk da haka, da gaskiyar ita yawa mafi rikitarwa.

Farko, kuma farkon yana da daraja idan akai la'akari da man fetur batun. Don da tashar ne kullum accelerating, dole ne ka wanda bai yankẽwa samar da wutar lantarki. Ko da engine bayyana kwatsam, kada a jefa cikin al'amarin, dokar kiyayewa da makamashi ya zauna a cikin karfi.

Matsala ta biyu da ra'ayin ne m hanzari. Kamar yadda mu ilmi da kuma dokokin kimiyyar lissafi, ba za ka iya hanzarta illa ma sha Allahu.

Bugu da kari, wannan kai bai dace da bincike manufa, tun da shi dole ne kullum a kara - to tashi. Ya za ku daina ba, don gano duniya, ya ma sannu a hankali tashi a kusa da shi iya ba - wajibi ne a hanzarta.

Saboda haka, ya bayyana cewa wannan wucin gadi nauyi ne ba tukuna samuwa mana.

carousel

Kowa ya san yadda da carousel juyawa rinjayar da jiki. Saboda haka, wucin gadi nauyi na'urar bisa wannan ka'ida ga alama ya zama mafi idon basira.

Duk da cewa shi ne a carousel diamita, shi o ƙarin fada daga gare shi, a wani kudi kimanin daidai da juyawa gudun. Sai dai itace cewa a cikin jiki mai karfi directed tare da radius daga wani juyawa abu. Wannan ya yi kama nauyi.

Saboda haka, yana daukan wani jirgin, ciwon cylindrical siffar. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata juya a kusa da axis. Ba zato ba tsammani, da wucin gadi nauyi a kan wani sararin, tsara bisa ga wannan manufa da aka nuna sau da yawa isasshen a almarar kimiyya fina-finai.

A ganga-dimbin yawa jirgin, revolving a kusa da wani a tsaye axis, a centrifugal karfi, shugabanci na wanda yayi dace da radius daga cikin abu. Don lissafa da kuma sakamakonsa na hanzari da ake bukata don raba da karfi a kan ƙasa.

Sanin kimiyyar lissafi mutane sami wannan ba wuya: a = ω²R.

A wannan dabara, da lissafi sakamakon - hanzari, da farko m - gudun kumburi (auna a radians da biyu), na biyu - da radius.

A cewar wannan, domin muna amfani da su g, dole ne ka daidai hada da mai kusurwa gudu da radius daga cikin sarari kai.

Wannan matsala ne hasken a irin fina-finan a matsayin "Intersol" "Babila 5," "2001: A Space Odyssey" da kuma kama. A duk wadannan lokuta, da wucin gadi nauyi kusa da duniya ta gravitational hanzari.

Duk yadda mai kyau da ra'ayin, shi ne quite wuya aiwatar.

Hanyar matsalar da "carousel"

A mafi bayyananne matsala ne ya haskaka a "A Space Odyssey". Radius "sarari m" ne game 8 mita. Domin samun hanzari a 9.8, da juyawa ya kamata faru a wani kudi kimanin 10.5 kowane minti daya na yawa.

Lokacin da wadannan dabi'u bayyana "Coriolis sakamako," wanda shi ne cewa a daban-daban nisa daga bene sakamako na daban-daban ƙarfi. Ya dogara da kusurwa gudu.

Sai dai itace cewa wucin gadi nauyi a cikin sarari da aka halitta, amma kuma m juyawa na jiki zai kai ga matsaloli da can cikin kunne. Wannan, bi da bi, ya haddasa rashin daidaituwa, da matsaloli tare da vestibular tsarin da sauran - m - kalubale.

Ana zargin wannan shamaki na nuni da cewa wannan model ne sosai m.

Za ka iya kokarin su tafi a kan baya, kamar yadda muka yi a cikin labari "World-Zobe". Ga jirgin ne a cikin nau'i na wani zobe wanda radius m zuwa radius na mu madawwama biyu (game da miliyan 150 kilomita). A wannan size, gudun juyawa ne ya isa ya yi watsi da Coriolis sakamako.

Za mu iya ɗauka cewa matsalar da aka warware, amma ba haka. Gaskiyar cewa jimlar yawa daga cikin tsarin kewaye ta axis daukan 9 kwanaki. Wannan ya nuna cewa load ne da muni. Domin tsara su ci, shi bukatar wani karfi abu, wanda a yau ba su da samuwa. Bugu da ƙari kuma, matsalar ne adadin abu da kuma kai tsaye gina tsari.

A wasanni na irin wannan batutuwa, kamar yadda a cikin movie "Babila 5", wadannan matsaloli suna ko ta yaya warware: shi ya ishe rotational gudun, da Coriolis sakamako ne ba da muhimmanci, hypothetically yiwu ya halicci irin wannan jirgin.

Duk da haka, ko da wadannan halittu da drawback. Sunansa - lokacinta.

The jirgin, revolving kusa ta axis, an canza kama zuwa wata babbar gyroscope. Kamar yadda ka sani, yin gyro kashe axis ne musamman wuya saboda da mai kusurwa lokacinta. Yana da muhimmanci cewa adadin bai bar da tsarin. Wannan yana nufin cewa kafa da shugabanci na abu zai zama da wuya sosai. Duk da haka, irin wannan matsala za a iya warware.

jawabi

Artificial nauyi a kan tashar sararin samaniya ya zama akwai lokacin da taimakon zo "O'Neill Silinda." Don ƙirƙirar wannan gina bukatar m cylindrical tasoshin cewa connect tare da axis. Suna da za a juya su a cikin daban-daban kwatance. A sakamakon wannan taro ne sifili kusurwa lokacinta, haka nan kada ta kasance da matsaloli tare da bada jirgin da zama dole shugabanci.

Idan zai yiwu, sa jirgin radius na game da mita 500, sa'an nan kuma zai yi aiki daidai kamar yadda ya kamata. A wannan yanayin, da wucin gadi nauyi a sarari ne quite dadi da kuma dace da dogon flights a cikin jirãge, ko gudanar da bincike tashoshin.

Space Engineers

Yadda za ka ƙirƙiri da wucin gadi nauyi, an san ga halittawa daga cikin wasan. Duk da haka, a cikin wannan kirkirarren labari duniyar nauyi - shi ne ba da wani juna janye daga jikinsu, amma mikakke karfi, tsara don bugun sama da abubuwa a cikin wani da aka ba shugabanci. A janye a nan shi ne ba makawa, shi ne canza a lokacin da Canza madosa Madogararsa.

Artificial nauyi a kan tashar sararin samaniya da aka halitta ta amfani da wani musamman janareta. Ta Co-rotational uniform kuma wani janareta zone. Saboda haka, a cikin real duniya, kama a cikin abin hawa a wanda wani janareta, ka za a janyo hankalin zuwa cikin jiki. Duk da haka, da gwarzo na wasan zai fada muddin mataki ba ya bar na'urar kewaye.

A ranar, da wucin gadi nauyi a sarari, ya halicci irin wannan na'urar ne ba samuwa ga mutum. Duk da haka, ko da da launin toka-masu gashi developers kada su gushe ba mafarki game da shi.

siffar zobe janareta

Wannan shi ne mafi idon basira version na kayan aiki. A lokacin da installing wani nauyi shugabanci na janareta. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu don ƙirƙirar tashar, da nauyi da wanda zai zama daidai da planetary.

centrifuge

Yau wucin gadi nauyi a duniya da aka samu a cikin wani iri-iri na'urorin. su ne bisa, mafi yawa, a kan inertia, tun da wannan karfi da aka ji ta mu kama gravitational effects - jiki bai rarrabe tsakanin abin da yake cikin hanyar da hanzari. Kamar yadda wani misali: wani mutum ya tashi a lif, jin sakamakon inertia. Lissafin kimiyya: lif Yunƙurin in ji da hanzari na free fall hanzari na taksi. Lokacin da za ka koma cikin Matuka jirgin auna motsi "riba" nauyi vuya, ya dawo cikin saba ji.

Masana kimiyya sun dade sha'awar wucin gadi nauyi. The yara ne mafi sau da yawa amfani da wadannan dalilai. Wannan hanya ya dace ba wai kawai ga kumbon sama jannati, amma kuma ga ƙasa tashoshin, wanda ya bukatar ya yi nazarin sakamakon nauyi a kan jikin mutum.

Gano a duniya, a yi amfani da ...

Ko da yake nazarin gravitation fara daga sarari, yana da matukar duniya kimiyya. Ko a yau da nasarori a cikin wannan filin da aka amfani da, misali, a cikin magani. Sanin ko yana yiwuwa don ƙirƙirar wucin gadi nauyi a duniya, za ka iya amfani da shi don yi wa matsalolin da locomotion ko na juyayi tsarin. Haka kuma, nazarin da sojojin da hannu a cikin ta farko wuri a duniya. Wannan damar da 'yan saman jannati za su gudanar da gwaje-gwajen yayin da sauran a mayar da hankali na likitoci. Wani abu ne da wucin gadi nauyi a sarari, babu mutane iya taimaka 'yan saman jannati a taron na gaggawa.

Tsayawa a tuna da cikakken weightlessness, ba shi yiwuwa a yi la'akari da wani tauraron dan adam a Duniya falaki. Wadannan abubuwa, albeit zuwa kananan har, shafi nauyi. A karfi na nauyi, a irin haka ne, da ake kira microgravity. Real nauyi ne kawai gwada da na'ura, yawo a akai gudun a matsanancin sarari. Duk da haka, jikin mutum ba ya ji bambanci.

Experience da weightlessness iya zama fama da doguwar Jump (kafin alfarwa zai bude) ko a lokacin wani parabolic ƙi jirgin sama. Wadannan gwaje-gwajen sukan sa a cikin Amurka, amma a kan wani jirgin saman da ji yana kawai 40 seconds - yana da ma kananan ga wani cikakken bincike.

A Tarayyar Soviet da baya a shekarar 1973 da muka sani ko yana yiwuwa don ƙirƙirar wucin gadi nauyi. Kuma ba kawai halitta shi, amma kuma a wasu hanya canza. A daukan hankali misali na wucin gadi rage nauyi - bushe dipping, nutsewa. Don cimma da ake so sakamako da ake bukata domin sa wani m film a kan surface na ruwa. Man da aka sanya a saman shi. A karkashin nauyi na jiki da jiki ne nutsa cikin ruwa, kawai shugaban da ya rage a saman. Wannan model nuna hoto mai motsi da maras nauyi, wanda shi ne halayyar daga cikin teku.

Babu bukatar zuwa sararin Subhana zuwa ji sakamakon weightlessness gaban sojojin - hypergravity. A lokacin ya tashi da saukowa daga cikin kumbon sama jannati, yara obalodi ba zai iya kawai ji, amma kuma su gano.

magani daga nauyi

Gravitational kimiyyar lissafi nazarin ciki har da sakamakon weightlessness a kan jikin mutum a cikin wani kokarin rage girman sakamakon. Duk da haka, babban yawan nasarorin da wannan kimiyya ne iya zama da amfani da kuma talakawa mazaunan duniya.

Great tsammanin likitoci ba da a kan binciken na cikin hali na tsoka enzymes a myopathy. Yana da tsanani cuta da take kaiwa zuwa farkon mutuwa.

Lokacin aiki jiki ayyuka a cikin jini da lafiya mutum sami wani babban adadin enzyme kreatinofosfokinazy. Dalilin wannan sabon abu ne ba a bayyana, mai yiwuwa ne, da kaya abubuwa a kan jikin tantanin a cikin irin wannan hanya da cewa shi "ma'ajiyar nuclear". Marasa lafiya da myopathy samun wannan sakamako ba tare da lodi. Abun Lura ga 'yan saman jannati ya nuna cewa a sifili nauyi bayarwa na aiki enzyme a jini da aka rage muhimmanci. Wannan bincike ya nuna cewa yin amfani da nutsewa zai rage mummunan tasiri da dalilai manyan zuwa myopathy. A halin yanzu gudanar da gwaje-gwajen a dabbobi.

Jiyya na wasu cututtuka a yau gudanar da anfani samu cikin binciken nauyi data, ciki har da wucin gadi. Alal misali, untreated cerebral palsy, bugun jini, Parkinson ta kara ta hanyar aikace-aikace na load. Kusan kammala nazarin tabbatacce sakamakon goyon baya - pneumatic takalma.

Tashi a kan Mars?

Recent ci gaba 'yan saman jannati ba da bege ga gaskiya daga cikin aikin. Yana yana da kwarewa a likita goyon bayan mutumin da dogon zaman tafi daga duniya. Kawo yawa amfanin da bincike manufa ga Moon, da karfi na nauyi da yake 6 sau karami fiye da namu. Yanzu 'yan saman jannati da masana kimiyya sun kafa kansu wani sabon burin - to Mars.

Kafin ka tashi a, ya kamata ka sani dukkan wani tikitin zuwa Red Planet, da yake bukata jiki a mataki na farko na aikin - a kan hanya. A kan talakawan, a hanya zuwa jejin duniya zai dauki rabin shekara - game da 500 days. Dõgara a kan hanya da kawai nasu ikon, kawai jira taimako daga ko ina.

Rushe da sojojin za su zama da yawa dalilai: danniya, radiation, babu wani Magnetic filin. A mafi muhimmanci gwajin for kwayoyin - canza nauyi. Tafiya mutane "samun Masana" tare da mahara matakan nauyi. Da farko wannan obalodi takeoff. Sa'an nan - weightlessness a lokacin da jirgin. Sa'an nan -. Hypogravity a makõma, cewa shi ne, to nauyi a kan Mars akalla 40% na duniya ..

Ta yaya za a magance da illar da weightlessness a wani dogon gudu? Ana fatan cewa ci gaba a filin na wucin gadi nauyi zai taimaka wajen magance wannan al'amari a nan gaba. Gwaje-gwajen a kan berayen, tafiya ta "Cosmos-936" nuna cewa wannan hanya ba ya warware duk matsaloli.

OS Experience ya nuna cewa shi ne yafi amfani ga kwayoyin ne iya kawo amfani da simulators, iya sanin ko bukata kaya ga kowane mutum jannati.

Duk da yake an yi imani da cewa Mars tashi ba kawai masu bincike, amma kuma zuwa yawon bude ido da suke so su kafa mallaka a kan Red Planet. Domin su, a kalla farko, ji na kasancewa a cikin weightlessness outweigh da dalilai likitoci game da illar da tsawo tsaya a wadannan yanayi. Duk da haka, bayan 'yan makonni da kuma bukatar taimako gare su don me shi ne don haka da muhimmanci a iya samun wata hanya ta gina a kan wani sararin wucin gadi nauyi.

sakamakon

Abin da karshe za a iya sanya game da halittar wucin gadi nauyi a sarari?

Daga cikin dukan dauke zabin a halin yanzu juyawa zane dubi mafi idon basira. Duk da haka, a karkashin halin yanzu fahimtar jiki dokokin ba shi yiwuwa, saboda jirgin - wannan ba wani m Silinda. Ciki da shi akwai overlapping taushẽwarsu aiwatar da ra'ayoyin.

Bugu da kari, cikin jirgin da radius dole ne manyan isa haka cewa Coriolis sakamako ne babu wani gagarumin tasiri.

Don gudanar da wani abu kamar cewa, yana daukan cikin Silinda O'Neill aka ambata a sama, wanda zai sa ya yiwu don sarrafa jirgin. A wannan yanayin, da chances kara domin yin amfani da irin wannan tsarin domin interplanetary manufa da tabbatar da tawagar mai dadi matakin nauyi.

Kafin 'yan adam za su iya fassara da mafarkai cikin gaskiya, za mu so gani a cikin ayyukan almarar kadan mafi idon basira da kuma karin ilimi da dokokin kimiyyar lissafi.