Artist Bakst Lev Samoylovich: biography, kerawa

Bakst Lev - Belarushiyanci-haife Rasha a ruhu, wanda ya rayu shekaru masu yawa a Faransa, a cikin tarihin da aka sani a matsayin fice a Rasha artist, wasan kwaikwayo mai hoto artist, zanen. Aikinsa tsammanin da yawa trends na karni na 20th a cikin zane-zane, shi hadawa fasali na impressionism, zamani da symbolism. Bakst - daya daga cikin mafi mai salo da kuma nagartaccen Rasha artists juya daga cikin karni, wanda ya na da karfi tasiri ba kawai a kan m, amma kuma a cikin duniya da al'adunsu.

Family da kuma ƙananan yara,

Bakst Lev Samoylovich aka haife shi a 1866 a wani Orthodox Yahudawa iyali a Belarushiyanci birnin Grodno. The iyali shi manyan, tare da patriarchal halaye. Mahaifinsa kuwa Talmudic masanin, kuma aka tsunduma a harkokin ciniki, samun kudin shiga da aka ba high, don haka dan sau da yawa ziyarci kakansa a St. Petersburg. Ya kasance mai arziki isa, shi ya gaye tela, ya ƙaunace alatu da kuma babban rai, ya jagoranci manyan mukaman hanyar rayuwa, wanda shi ne sosai m ta jikan. Ya kasance mai girma wasan kwaikwayo-goer da kuma shuka wannan so Leo. Yana da aka girmama kakansa yaro daukan sunan Bakst, Munã rage ta a bit, maimakon ta real - Rosenberg, wanda da jũna a gare shi ba poetic. Kamar yadda wani yaro, nan gaba artist kaunace yi wasa fage a gaban 'yan'uwanku mãtã na kansa, yaron ya daji da kuma tunanin bayyananne karkata ga zanen.

Sadaukarwa da kuma Training

A shekaru 12, ya lashe a gasar ga mafi kyau hoto na Zhukovsky a cikin dakin motsa jiki. Bakst Lev so ya yi nazarin zane, amma mahaifinta ba a gane irin wannan frivolous abu a rayuwa, kamar jawo, da kuma na dogon lokaci, yaron ya dulmuya a cikin abin sha'awa a asirce, a dare. A matsayin hujja isasshiya, uban ya yanke shawarar tambaye shawara daga sculptor Mark Antokolsky, ya nan gaba fenta zane-zane da aka aika zuwa Paris. Kuma a lokacin da amsa da aka samu da cewa aiki ne a fili a bayyane zuwa ga mawallafin ta iyawa, mahaifinsa ya mika wuya.

A 1883, saurayin samu wata mai sa kai a cikin St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. Leon Bakst, wanda biography yanzu har abada hade tare da art, ya yi karatu a karkashin irin waɗannan malamai kamar Chistyakov, Asknaziya, Wenig, ya nuna sakamako mai kyau a cikin shekaru hudu. Duk da haka, da rasa da hamayya Academy a kan samu lambar azurfa, saurayin ya bar makaranta. Aikinsa an cire daga jerin mahalarta saboda gaskiyar cewa duk haruffa a cikin hoto a kan Littafi Mai Tsarki jigogi sun Yahudawa halaye. Wannan artist iya tsayawa ba shi. Skills na ilimi zane, samu a makarantar kimiyya, zai zama da amfani a gare shi a nan gaba.

The search for hanyoyi a art

Barin makaranta, Bakst Lev tilasta neman samun kudin shiga, mahaifinsa ya mutu, kuma ya yi don taimaka wa iyali, wanda aka yafi kunsa kakan. Ya taimake cewa a lokacin da yake karatu ya fara da sadarwa, bugu inda ya fara yi daga cheap littattafai. Jin daxi na aikin ya bai isar da, amma kudi kawo. A 1890 ya ke motsi kusa da Benoit yan'uwansa, suka gabatar da Bakst a wani da'irar m m matasa. Su rinjayi, da artist ne sha'awar watercolor. Yana da wannan da'irar, wanda sa'an nan su tũba zuwa wani m jam'iyya "World of Art", kafa ra'ayin Bakst da shugabanci a zanen. A 1891 Leo a karon farko za a kasashen waje, ya tafi kasar Jamus, Italiya, Belgium da kuma Faransa, neman a gidajen tarihi. Daga 1893 zuwa 1896 ya yi karatu a cikin studio na Faransa artists a Paris. A wannan lokaci, Leo zama na farko da aka sani a matsayin mai kyau watercolorist.

Bakst-hoto

Artist Leon Bakst aka kullum tilasta gudanar da wani umarni, cewa ba a faranta masa rai. Huta kuma rungumi ra'ayoyi a shi hotuna, wanda aka hankali zama mashahuri. Sun saukar da wani mai ladabi iri na da artist, ya rinjãye na zane-zane da kuma ikon shiga cikin tunani na hali. Da ciwon fara zanen hotuna a 1896, ya lokaci-lokaci juya zuwa wannan Genre cikin rayuwa. Daga cikin mafi kyau ayyuka suna kira hotuna na Alexander Benois, Levitan, balagagge ayyukan farkon karni na 20th, hotuna Z. Gippius, I. Rubinstein, Sergei Diaghilev tare da mai renonsa, Jean Cocteau, W. Zucchini. Mafi yawa daga cikin m al'adunmu na artist yin zane ya sketched shi ja hankalin masu sketched hotuna na abokai da kuma acquaintances.

fenta Bakst

Leon Bakst, wanda zane-zane ne daukan hankali iri-iri, da yawa na gwaji tare da zanen dabara. Ya iya rubuta tare da m shanyewar jiki, da kuma zai iya haifar da wani hadadden yanar gizo tare da glaze. Ya ke kadan yi aiki a cikin Genre na faɗi, amma data kasance ayyukan nuna wani impressionistic hangen nesa daga cikin artist. A cikin ayyukan "kusa Nice," "Olive Garka", "sunflowers karkashin rana" ji haske da iska yanayi, daukar kwayar cutar kaffa Outlook marubucin. Leon Bakst, nuni ne yanzu iya tattara wani babban yawan magoya aikinsa a wani birni a duniya, ban ji wata amana a cikin zane-zane. Yana ma da sauki ba a zuwa waje tasiri da kuma bai nuna wata hujja, nasa iri da rubuce-rubuce. Amma da undoubted Masterpieces ne aikinsa "Dinner", "Cafe", "tsoho tsoro."

Bakst da kuma wasan kwaikwayo

Mafi yawa daga duk, su talanti Bakst Lev Samoylovich nuna a Theatrical ayyukansu. Ya sosai m wannan art form. Leon Bakst, wanda nuni da Theatrical shimfidar wuri da kuma kayayyaki da aka kokari ne tare da sanarwa, mai yawa kuma da tsananin yarda aiki ga wasan kwaikwayo Sergei Diaghilev. Ya brilliantly fa, tã yi rawa "Scheherazade", "Cleopatra", "narcissus," "The Firebird." Bakst wani real co-author of tabarrau, organically embodying da ra'ayin da darektan a cikin shimfidar wuri, lighting, kayayyaki. Tun 1910, da artist zaune a cikin Paris da kuma aiki tare da gidan wasan kwaikwayo Sergei Diaghilev. Shi ne tare da haɗin gwiwar shi Bakst sa a real juyin juya halin a scenography da kuma wasan kwaikwayo zane.

bambancin iyawa

Bakst Lev ba kawai bambanta kansa a zanen da kafa zane, a gaskiya, ya kasance mai zanen. Ya sau da yawa suka zo tare da kayayyaki, da kuma ba kawai ga mataki. Shi ya je sama tare da logo, kamar yau za su ce, wani logo ga mujallar "World of Art". Ya halicci ciki zane ga m Ladies 'boudoirs, su sanya Diaghilev. Bakst kuma yi aiki a kan halittar expositions. Aiki a kan Theatrical kayayyaki, Leo gano ya iyawa Stylist, kuma ya kusantar da almara na Ladies 'riguna, kuma ya kasance mai real trendsetter a zamani style. Har ila yau, ya malami ne mai kyau. Elizabeth Zvantsev gayyace a 1900 Bakst a cikin art makaranta, inda ya yi kokarin taimaka matasa talanti samu kansa style of zanen. Shi ne ya yi farko ga iyawa a cikin almajiri - Marc Chagall.

Personal rai

Leon Bakst, wanda zane-zane da jin dadin sosai nasara da kuma kawo shi mai daraja, ne ƙwarai, m ya na sirri rayuwa. Da farko soyayya ga Faransa actress Marcel Josse ya sosai m. Yana kare ne kawai da artist ta tashi daga birnin Paris. A St. Petersburg, ya da dama cikin soyayya tare da 'yar P. Tretyakov, wanda ta sa'an nan ya bazawara tare da wani yaro a ta makamai. Bakst daukan Lutheranism aure masõyansa. The aure ya kasawa, ko da yake an haife dan artist - Andrew. The biyu ciyar da yawa lokaci baya da kuma ƙarshe saki a 1910. Amma ya ci gaba da zama abokai tare da tsohon matarsa da stepdaughter, a 1921 sun kasance a cikin gayyatar su iya barin Tarayyar Soviet da kuma shirya a birnin Paris.

A karshe shekaru ransa Bakst yi aiki wuya a Paris, America, England, gurgunta ya kiwon lafiya, da kuma Disamba 28, 1924, ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani.