Sentimentalism - shi ne ba wai kawai wata Trend in al'adu da adabi, shi ne da farko a jihar hankali na al'umma a wani mataki na ci gaba, wanda ya fara da ɗan baya, kuma dade daga 20 ta zuwa shekaru 80 na XVIII karni a Turai, a Rasha, shi ãƙibar XVIII - farkon XIX ƙarni. Babban ãyõyi ne m - a dabi'ar mutum ya fahimci primacy na da hankula, ba da zuciya.
Daga hankali ga hankula
Sentimentalism rufe da haske, abin da ya rufe dukan XVIII karni da kuma haifar da wani yawan wallafe-wallafen ƙungiyoyi. Wannan classicism kuma Rococo, pre-Romanticism da sentimentalism. Wasu masana sun bayyana wadannan shugabanci na tunani da romanticism da sentimentality gano tare da pre-Romanticism. Kowace daga cikin wadannan yankunan na da hankula rarrabe siffofin, kowane na da normative hali, wanda siffofin mafi bayyana da sauran Trend, wanda shi ne mafi kyau duka na bai al'adu. Za ka iya suna 'yan ãyõyin sentimentalism. Wannan mayar da hankali a kan mutum, a kan ƙarfi, kuma ikon da hankula, da prerogative yanayi a kan wayewa.
wajen yanayi
Wannan Trend a cikin adabi a gabanin da wadannan trends bambanta da farko a cikin sadaukarwa daga cikin zuciyar mutum. Son ne da aka ba sauki, naturalness, da gwarzo na aikin zama mafi mulkin demokra hali, sau da yawa wakilin kowa mutane. Mai girma da hankali da aka bai wa ciki duniya na mutum da yanayi, abin da ya. Wadannan su ne bayyanar cututtuka na sentimentalism. Ji ne ko da yaushe free hankali, bautã wa, ko ma suak kangare classicism. Saboda haka marubuta-sentimentalists da gagarumin 'yanci na kwatanci da kuma nuna shi a cikin samfurin, wanda kuma ba a matse cikin tsananin ma'ana tsarin classicism.
New wallafe-wallafen siffofin
Babban nau'o'i na sentimentalism - mai tafiya da kuma litattafan, amma ba sauki, amma umarni, ko a haruffa. Haruffa, tsarin sautinsu, tunanin - mafi yawan amfani da nau'o'i, tun da suka taimaka fadi ya bayyana ciki duniyar mutum. A shayari, son da aka bai wa elegy da wasika. Wannan ne, da wallafe-wallafen nau'o'i a kansu, kuma, daga ãyõyin sentimentalism. Pastoral ba zai iya mallakar wani shugabanci wanin aka bayyana.
A Rasha sentimentalism ya reactionary da kuma masu sassaucin ra'ayi. Wakilin ya fara Shalikov Petr Ivanovich (1768-1852). Ayyukansa idyllic Utopia - wani rashin iyaka kyau sarakuna, da Allah ya aiko zuwa ga duniya kawai saboda farin ciki da baƙauye. Babu zamantakewa sabani - idealism da kuma duniya alheri. Zai yiwu godiya ga m-dadi ayyukan wannan wallafe-wallafen motsi aka gyarawa wasu tearfulness da artificiality, wanda aka wani lokacin riskarsa kamar wata ãyã daga sentimentalism.
The kafa na Rasha sentimentalism
Fice wakilan da m Trend ne Karamzin Nikolay Mihaylovich (1766-1826) da kuma farkon Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich (1783-1852), aka sani. Za ka iya har ma kira 'yan m m-shiryayye marubuta - wannan AM Kutuzov, wanda ya sadaukar da Radishchev "Journey daga St. Petersburg zuwa Moscow", M. N. Muravev, Sage da kuma mawãƙi I. I. Dmitriev, mawãƙi, fabulist da kuma fassara, VV Kapnist kuma N. A. Lvov. A farkon da kuma mafi daukan hankali samfurin wannan Trend ya da labarin Karamzin ta "Poor Liza". Ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin ãyõyin na sentimentalism a adabi Rasha da rarrabe siffofin na Turai. Babban abu yana da fa'ida, da halin kirki da kuma ilimi hali ayyukansu. Karamzin ce da ya kamata ka rubuta kamar ku magana. Saboda haka, wani alama na Rasha sentimentalism ne don inganta harshen a wallafe-wallafen aiki. Ya kamata a lura da cewa ci gaba, ko ma samu daga wannan wallafe-wallafen motsi shi ne cewa shi ne na farko ya juya zuwa ga ruhaniya duniya na mutane da ƙananan azuzuwan, m da arziki da kuma karimci. Kafin sentimentalists matalauta mutane, kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi nuna wani m, mugunyar, ikon wani ibada.
"Poor Liza" - saman Rasha sentimentalism
Mene ne alamun sentimentality a "Poor Liza"? A mãkirci na labarin ne, bayyananne. The kyau na shi ne ba cewa. The sosai ra'ayin na aikin kawo wa mai karatu da cewa naturalness da kuma arziki duniya na Lisa, wani sauki baƙauye, shi ne incomparably m ga duniya da ilmin, wadanda mutane, karatu Erastus, in general, kuma ba a bad mutum, amma clamped tsarin al'ada, ba kyale shi ya auri budurwa. Amma bai tunanin yin aure, saboda cimma juna, Erast cike da nuna bambanci, rasa to Lisa sha'awa, shi ya daina zama a gare shi da personification na tsarki da kuma rashin laifi. Poor baƙauye yarinya, ko cike da mutunci, dogaro a kan saurayi mai arziki, da sauko commoner (abin da ya kamata a ce game da fadin rai da mulkin demokra views), mai ban mamaki makomarsu karshe gudu zuwa kandami. Amma da mutunci da labarin a cikin wani mabanbanta m da kuma hangen zaman hasken wajen banal events. Yana siffofi sentimentalism a "Poor Liza" (kyau na rai da na kowa mutumin da yanayi, da sadaukarwa na soyayya) sanya labarin ne mai wuce yarda rare daga Sahaban. Kuma kandami, a cikin abin da Lisa nutsar da su, aka kira shi da sunan ta (wani wuri, a labarin ya bayyana quite daidai). Gaskiyar cewa labarin ya zama wani taron, shi ne gaskiya cewa kusan duk a cikin halin yanzu digiri na Soviet makarantu san cewa "Poor Liza" Karamzin rubuta, kamar yadda "Evgeniya Onegina," Pushkin kuma "The novice" Lermontov.
Asali daga Faransa
Sentimentalism kanta - da sabon abu a cikin almarar mafi girma daga classicism tare da rationalism da rashin ruwa, da ta heroes, wanda, a matsayin mai mulkin, da aka lashe shugabannin ko shugabannin. "Julie, ko da New Heloise" da Jean-Jacques Rousseau karya a cikin almarar da kuma aza harsashin ginin for wani sabon shugabanci. Tuni a cikin ayyukan kafa na kwatance sun kowa bayyanar cututtuka na sentimentalism a adabi, kafa sabuwar art tsarin, wanda ya rera game da gõde wa kowa mutum, iya empathy, ba tare da wani son-kai a wasu, da rashin iyaka ƙauna iyali, da gaske murna da farin ciki na wasu.
Kamance da kuma bambance-bambance
Ãyõyin classicism da sentimentalism suna kama, saboda biyu daga cikin wadannan yankunan kasance a cikin zamanin da haske, amma akwai ma bambance-bambance. Classicism sunã tasbĩhi, kuma deifies dalilin da sentimentality - ƙullenku. Babban taken na wadannan yankunan ne ma daban-daban: shi ne na gargajiya "mutum, bawa ga umurnin hankali" a cikin m - "Mutane ji". Miscellaneous ayyukansu da kuma siffofin da rubuce-rubuce - da dabaru da kuma rigor tsakanin classicists, da kuma arziki digressions, bayyanai, tunanin da haruffa na ayyuka da mawallafa na baya wallafe-wallafen motsi. Bisa ta gabatar ba, amsar wannan tambaya na abin da su ne babban fasali na sentimentalism. Babban jigo na ayyukan soyayya. Salo-takamaiman - Pastorale (Elegy), wani m labarin, rubutu da kuma tafiya. A cikin ayyukansu - da sadaukarwa na hankula da kuma yanayi, da guje wa straightness.