Babban gauges na tattalin arziki aiki

A tattalin arziki, za ka iya samun irin wannan abu a matsayin ma'auni na tattalin arziki aiki. Don yin wannan, na farko da muka gano abin da ya yi nazarin tattalin arziki. Kamar yadda ta darsuwar jama'a rayuwa , da yawa san ta, abin da shi ne a cikin hanya. Za mu magana game da tattalin arziki a matsayin kimiyya horo.

Asalin manufar tattalin arziki a matsayin kimiyya

Yana bayyana a cikin m da, a zamanin da. A karo na farko game da ita ambaci tsoho Greek masanin kimiyya Xenophon a 5th karni. BC Ancient malamai sun kashe a wannan ma'ana hanya zuwa housekeeping. Wannan shi ne m. Kusan dukan tattalin arzikin a ji na Greek birni-jihohin kunshi kananan 'yan kasuwa da kuma yan kasuwa. Sana'a, da manoma, da magina. Akwai wani babbar jama'a hukumomi a Gabas. Wannan shi ne saboda da m sauyin yanayi da kuma rashin bukatar ƙarfafa da ban ruwa ayyukan (a kudu) ko tsaftacewa (a cikin arewa). A tattalin arzikin da dukan ƙasar ta na cike da kananan shopkeepers. A irin kananan 'yan kasuwa na zamaninmu. Irin yan kasuwa da kuma shopkeepers ne babban gauges na tattalin arziki aiki a lokacin.

Tattalin arziki a matsayin kimiyya a yau

A zamani tattalin arzikin ne quite daban-daban, tare da iko na duniyar dake hada da kamfanoni da masana'antu. A halin yanzu mataki na wannan kimiyya da aka subdivided cikin macroeconomics, microeconomics, da kuma duniya.

Mene ne microeconomics

A lokaci ne mai bit yayi dace da ainihin ma'anar manufar "tattalin arziki", a zamanin tsohuwar Girka. Wato, shi ne mai kimiyya da cewa karatu da raba tattalin arziki da abokai, da dangantaka, da matsaloli, da dai sauransu A wasu kalmomin, m Enterprises a cikin tattalin arziki Sphere na kasar. Matsalolin dokar, dangantaka tare da juna da kuma da jihar.

macroeconomics

A mafi fadi ra'ayi. Yana da karatunsa da tattalin arzikin a matsayin dukan fanni na rayuwar al'umma da. The matsaloli na talauci, da aiki kasuwa a matsayin dukan. Ana amfani da a macroeconomics babban gauges na tattalin arziki aiki. Su zama dole ga wani cikakken lissafi na tattalin arziki halin da ake ciki a jihar.

Gauges na tattalin arziki aiki. Social kimiyya a matsayin makaranta Hakika

The darajar tattalin arziki aiki samar da cikakken hoto na aiwatar da samar, rarraba da amfani a cikin tattalin arzikin kasar.

Alal misali, sama da halin da ake ciki a fannin aikin gona. Babban gauges na tattalin arziki aiki rikodin adadin madara samar. A 2010, kasar samar miliyan 500 ton na wannan samfurin (adadi da aka dauka a matsayin wani misali, kuma ba wani nuni ne na shekara domin wannan samfurin). Kuma na gaba shekara, tattalin arziki rahoton cewa ƙi ya kashi 20 cikin dari. Wannan misali ne na ingancin Manuniya, wanda za a iya bincika dukan tattalin arziki halin da ake ciki a madara samarwa. Next, za a fara fahimtar abin sa ya kai ga irin wannan kaifi drop.

Babban gauges na tattalin arziki aiki ne:

• Gross kasa samfurin (GNP).
• A} asashensu (GDP).

Gauges na tattalin arziki aiki. A ra'ayi na GDP

} Asashensu ya - wani gwargwado na Naira Miliyan Xari da kasuwar farashin na karshe kayayyakin a cikin kasar. Abin da ake nufi? Kai da mota samarwa a matsayin misali. Sun kunshi sassa da dama da majalisai. Ƙafafun, injuna, kerarre a daban-daban masana'antu. Idan wadannan raka'a ne kamar yadda kayayyakin gyara a kasuwar, suna kunshe a cikin GDP. Amma idan suna tsĩrar zuwa wani factory da aka shirya mota, sa'an nan da darajar a cikin wannan adadi bai hada da, kamar yadda a karshe kudin farashin inji aza. Wannan shi ake kira "karshe samfurin", watau daya da cewa ya zo a shirye-sanya kasuwar. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa artificially overestimated wadannan Manuniya ga objectivity.

Za ka iya samun irin wannan abu a matsayin GDP da capita. Yana kõme ba ne fãce Naira Miliyan Xari da dukkan karshe dukiya samar raba da adadin da mazaunan a kasar. Amma kuskure yi imani da cewa inda Figures more ne mafi alhẽri. Ingancin rayuwa ne m da sauran aunawa na'urorin. Rashin aikin yi rates, talakawan Hakkin kuma pensions ga asali farashin ga asali mabukaci kwandon (a sa na zama dole kayayyakin rayuwa).

Gross kasa samfurin (GNP)

Gauges na tattalin arziki aiki, kamar GNP Figures hada da adadin da karshe kayayyakin duka biyu domestically da kuma waje. Alal misali, a Kazakhstan kamfanin aiki, rajista a Rasha. Yana a kai a kai yana biya duk da harajin gida, da haya, amma samun kudin shiga daga wannan sha'anin ne batun Rasha haraji. Saboda haka, sha'anin samar Figures la'akari da GDP, amma ba la'akari da GDP. Shi ne mafi fadi ra'ayi. A babban kasa samfurin riga a kan} asashensu da adadin da karshe kayayyakin waje a jihar.

A kan halin da ake ciki macroeconomic a kasar magana mafi zuwa} asashensu (GDP) maimakon babban kasa samfurin (GNP). Kamar yadda na farko m jobs, matakin samar a kasar, ya kuma inganta a m tattalin arziki da siyasa da sauyin yanayi. Amma GDP ne da wani ma'auni na samun kudin shiga kasafin kudin.

Akwai kuma wani real matakin da maras muhimmanci matakin na tattalin arziki yi. Yana da muhimmanci a yau ga kasar mu. GDP, misali, auna a rubles, amma real adadi ya nuna da kudin. Decipher wannan ra'ayi. A matakin na GDP a kowace shekara, misali, 1 da miliyan rubles. A daloli, wannan adadin ne 35 dubu. A shekara ta gaba, GDP ya karu zuwa miliyan 1.5 rubles. Maras muhimmanci girma - da 50 bisa dari. Amma saboda ragewar darajar kuɗi na kasa kudin a dollar sharuddan girma - kawai 1 kashi - to 38 dala dubu .. Wannan shi ne wani Firayim misali na tattalin arziki Manuniya na magudi.