Boston 2013: facts da kuma sakamakon

Boston - wani shekara-shekara wasanni taron, faruwa a dama birane a Massachusetts. An ko da yaushe aka gudanar a Bakan'ane Day (Patriots 'Day), a kan uku Litinin na Afrilu. A farko tseren da aka gudanar a 1897. Ya aka yi wahayi zuwa da nasarar da farko gudun fanfalaki a wasannin Olympics da a 1896. Boston - mafi tsufa shekara-shekara tseren, wanda kuma ya dauki daya daga cikin mafi shahara a duniya.

Marathon janyo hankalin a kusa da 500,000 kallo, yin shi cikin rare wasa taron a New England. Ko da yake a 1897 tseren ya samu halartar duka na 18 da 'yan wasa, ya yanzu yana da wani talakawan na game da 30 000 rajista mahalarta. Jubilee Boston Marathon a 1996 ya zama rikodin ga yawan mahalarta: 38708 da aka ruwaito a kan shi ya shiga tseren, 36.748 mutane dauki zuwa farkon da kuma 35868 zo zuwa ga gama line.

labarin

A farko Boston Marathon da aka shirya a watan Afrilu 1897, wahayi zuwa gare ta Tarurrukan na tseren a wasannin Olympics da a 1896 a Athens. Shĩ ne mafi tsufa ci gaba da aiki, kuma Length na biyu, a Arewacin Amirka.

A taron da aka ƙare da bikin Ranar da Patriots (Patriots 'Day) da kuma alama ce da alaka tsakanin Athenian da American' yanci. A farko lashe kasance Dzhon Makdermott, gudu a nesa na 24,5 mil a 2:55:10. A tseren, wanda ya zama sananne a matsayin birnin Boston, ya tun da aka gudanar a kowace shekara. A 1924, da farko an koma Hopkinton, da kuma tsawo da hanya zuwa 26 mil 385 da makarai (42.195 km). Wannan ne yake aikata saduwa da nagartacce kafa a gasar Olympics a 1908 da kuma codified a 1921 IAAF.

Da farko, da birnin Boston wani gida taron, amma saboda da shahararsa da kuma girma, ya fara jawo hankalin masu gudu daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Cikin mafi yawan tarihi, da taron kasance cikakken wadanda ba riba, da kuma kawai kyauta domin lashe kasance a wreath saka daga itacen zaitun rassan. Tallafa kyaututtuka bayar da kawai ya fara a shekarun 1980s, bayan sana'a 'yan wasa sun fara ki shiga a tseren ba tare da gagarumin awards. Da farko kyauta domin lashe tseren fanfalaki da aka samu a shekarar 1986.

A gwagwarmayar mata dama su shiga a gudun fanfalaki

Mata ba su yarda su hukumance shiga a cikin birnin Boston har 1972. Robert Gibb, bisa ga shirya na taron, shi ne na farko mace gudu cikakken marathon nesa da duk (a 1966). A 1967, Ketrin Svittser rajista a matsayin "K. V. Svittser", ya zama na farko mace gudu ta hanyar zuwa karshen tare da hukuma yawan ɗan takara. Ta gudanar da isa da gama, duk abin da ya faru ya zama yadu a san, a cikin abin da wani wakilin gwamnatin gudun fanfalaki Jock Semple kokarin sata ta dakin da bai da damar ta tserewa. A shekarar 1996, mata halarci informally a gudun fanfalaki daga shekarar 1966 zuwa 1971, da kuma na farko da ya kai da gama line, aka retroactively hukumance gane zakarun. A 2015, game da 46% daga cikin mahalarta sun mace.

Scandal da Rozi Ruis

The abin kunya ya faru a Boston Marathon a 1980, a lokacin da ta zo ta biyu-lover Rosie Ruiz zo daga babu inda kuma ya lashe tseren a cikin mata. Wakilai na gwamnatin gudun fanfalaki ya zama m lokacin da suka gano cewa Ruiz ba zai iya ganin bidiyo na tseren kusa da ƙarshen. M bincike ya bayyana cewa mafi yawan Ruiz rasa events, sa'an nan kuma, kamar wani mil (1.6 km) zuwa gama, da kuma gauraye da taron sauƙi tsẽre fafatawa a gasa. Mahukunta a hukumance hana Rosie. Boston a 1980, ta haka ne, lashe Canadian dan wasa Zhaklin Garo.

hatsarori

A 1905, James Edward Brooks daga Arewa Adams a Massachusetts mutu daga ciwon huhu jim kadan bayan duka biyu gudu a gudun fanfalaki, kuma ba ya dawo gida. A shekarar 1996, da 62-shekaru mutum daga Sweden, ya mutu daga wani ciwon zuciya. A shekara ta 2002, da 28-shekara Sintiya Lusero mutu daga hyponatremia.

Boston 2013

A lokacin gudun fanfalaki a 2013, Afrilu 15, a 14:49 gida lokaci, bayan fiye da sa'o'i biyu bayan cin nasara arshen tseren a kan Boylston Street, kamar mita 200 kafin gama line, akwai biyu fashe, da nisa tsakanin su ya mita 180.

The tsãwa kashe mutane uku da kuma raunata akalla 144 mutane, wanda 17 sun samu mummunan rauni. Daga cikin matattu an shekaru takwas yaro. Babu gungun 'yan ta'adda da ya dauki alhakin kai hare-haren. Sai da na ɗauki kan Tarayya Ofishin Bincike (FBI) da kuma hoton da na biyu da ake zargi da aka samu in an jima.

A dare, Afrilu 18, a wani bugun fenariti a Cambridge kusa Massachusetts Cibiyar Harkokin Fasaha, an kashe wani dan sanda, sa'an nan ya fara wani aiki don gane da biyu da ake zargi, 'yan'uwa Tamerlan kuma Dzhokhar Tsarnaevyh. Babbansu su, Tamerlan, ya mutu a asibitin da sassafe a ranar 19 ga watan Afrilu. Nan Kusa mazauna aka rika zama cikin gidajensu da kofofin kulle. Jama'a sufuri a Boston aka rufe, ciki har da hanyoyin da most a Jihar Massachusetts Bay Transport Authority da Amtrak Railway kamfanin. Sun kasance rufaffiyar makarantu da kuma jami'o'i, kazalika da yawa harkokin kasuwanci. The yan-adam gabobin karkashin jagorancin 'yan sandan Jihar ta kai hari a birnin na Watertown, da kuma 19 ga watan Afrilu, a 8:45 Dzhokhar Tsarnaev da aka kama.

Boston 2013 fashewa wanda ya jawo rasuwar 8-yaro ne dan shekaru da shekaru 29 da haihuwa, mace (duka mazauna unguwannin Boston), kazalika da 23-shekara dalibi daga kasar Sin, wata babbar bala'i ga dukan m duniya. Daga cikin rauni mai tsanani su ne mahaifiyata da kuma 'yar'uwar mamacin yaro.

A harin ta'addanci a kan gudun fanfalaki

Fashewar bama-bamai guda biyu a kan jinkiri na 15 seconds aka sanya a kusa Copley Square Boston. A sakamakon hare-haren ta'addanci kashe mutane uku da kuma raunata fiye da dari, yana mai sãɓãnin mai tsanani. Gwarzon arshen tseren game da sa'o'i biyu kafin fashewa, amma har yanzu akwai da yawa daga masu gudu suka yi kawai gudu har sai ƙarshen Boston.

A harin da aka mamaki ga kowa da kowa: to kai farmaki wani barazana daga kungiyoyin ta'adda da aka ruwaito.

Nakiyoyi sun daga wani irin abin da suka iya sauƙi sa shan umarnin daga Internet, ko wata madogara. The m ya kasance a ciki da shida-lita matsa lamba cookers, wanda aka boye a wani nailan jakarka ta baya.

Shooting, bi da kuma kama

Ba da da ewa bayan da hotuna da aka buga, akwai wani skirmish a cikin kusanci da Massachusetts Cibiyar Harkokin Fasaha, a kusa da gine-gine 32 (Stata Center). Wannan ya faru a ranar Afrilu 18 a 22 hours 48 minutes gida lokaci (02:48 UTC). da dama Shots da aka sanya. A harsasai buga da jami'in 'yan sanda a zaune a wani sintiri mota. Ya aka dauka zuwa Babban Asibitin Massachusetts, kuma, bayan wani lokaci, likitoci konstantirovali mutuwa. Shon Kollier kira 'yan sanda, ya kasance shekaru 26 da haihuwa, an haife shi a Somerville, Massachusetts, da kuma aiki a cikin' yan sashen na Massachusetts Cibiyar Harkokin Fasaha.

Tsarnaev iyali kama da azurfa Mercedes SUV a Cambridge da aka tilasta janye daga ATM mai $ 800. Shan da kudi, da suka bari rundunar na'ura. Wadanda ake zargin ya gaya masa cewa suna dora alhakin harin bom a birnin Boston. A 'yan sanda gano mota zuwa birnin Watertown, Massachusetts. Jami'an tsaro Watertown ruwaito da dama arangama da wata gaba, a lokacin da ma ji fashewar abubuwa. Wannan guda da yamma, jaridar The Boston Globe ya ruwaito cewa wani bugun fenariti dauki bangare mutanen da suke so domin kai hari a lokacin gudun fanfalaki. A musayar wuta da 'yan sanda da kuma fashewar bama-bamai na jefa ta laifi kallo mazauna Watertown. Daya daga cikin 'yan'uwa da aka kama, amma na biyu gudanar ya tsere a wani sace SUV. A bugun fenariti, ya aka munanan raunuka 33-shekara zirga-zirga jami'in 'yan sanda Massachusetts Bay mai suna Richard H. Donahue Jr. Sa'a, da rauni da aka ba m.

A safiyar 19 ga watan Afrilu, bayan da mota bi da bugun fenariti da 'yan sanda, daya daga cikin wadanda ake zargin, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, ya aka dauka zuwa Medical Center Bet Izreyel, inda ya mutu daga mahara harbin bindiga raunuka da kuma raunin da ya faru ci a cikin fashewar. A FBI saki photos na biyu da ake zargi a Watertown events. Na biyu ɗan'uwansa, Dzhokhar, wanda wani lokacin ake kira "da ake zargin a cikin fari hat," a cewar 'yan sanda ne har yanzu a manyan. Hukumomi suka ce 'yan'uwa da aka jefa fita daga motarsa gida-sanya bam a cikin' yan wanda suka runtume su daga Cambridge a Watertown.

A shekarar 2015, daya daga cikin cin zarafin da fashewa, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, da aka samu da laifi a kan 30 kirga da kuma yanke masa hukumcin kisa.

tunãtarwa

A Afrilu 18, a Boston Katolika Cathedral Mai Tsarki Cross gudanar da wani mabiya addinai tunawa sabis don ya shafa na harin 'yan ta'adda. Ta taka leda da shugaban kasar Amurka Barack Obama da kuma wasu Tsohon soji na birnin Boston.

A doping abin kunya a gudun fanfalaki 2014

The gudun fanfalaki ta zo ta biyu a wannan shekara, kasar Kenya Rita Dzheptu zo zuwa ga gama line na farko daga cikin mata. Duk da haka, an hana bayan da wakilan da Duniya Anti-doping Agency sanar da cewa ta gwajin for dakatar abubuwa nuna wani sakamakon tabbatacce. Saurarenta a cikin yanayin da aka gudanar a watan Janairu 2015.

Boston 2016

A 2016, Amirka Jami Marseille ya zama na farko da ya kai ga gitta layin na Boston Marathon mace wanda yana da kafafuwansa biyu, bisa. Jagoranci taron da aka Bobbi Gibb, guda daya da suke gudu a gudun fanfalaki shekaru 50 da suka wuce, a shekarar 1966. A lashe na 2016 mata, da Habasha dan wasa atsede baysa, Bobbi Gibb ya ba da kyauta. Ta amince da yarda da shi a kan yanayin da cewa a cikin shekara ta zo zuwa Habasha da kuma komawa da istinbadi maigidan da kofin.