Catfish bayyana: halaye da kuma rarrabuwa

Som talakawa (Turai, River) - most ruwa tare kifi da ciwon wani ma'auni. Wannan predator da cewa na zaune a cikin koguna da tabkuna, shi ne mafi girma ruwa tare kifi, m, a size da beluga. Duk da haka, shi ne mai migratory kifi ya shiga koguna for spawning.

rarrabuwa:

• Class - Pisces (Pisces).
• Family - Siluroidea (Sar).
• Detachment - Siluriformes (Somoobraznye).
• View - Esox Lukiyas (catfish).
• Rod - Siluridae (Talakawa catfish).

baza

Catfish kowa a tabkuna da waɗansu kõguna na Turai, sai a Italiya, Norway, Scotland, Spain da kuma Ingila. Members na jinsin da ake samu a kudancin Sweden da kuma Finland. A yankin a kudancin catfish ƙuntata ga ~ ar ruwan na Aegean da Black Sea, a Asia da shi ya takaita Aral Sea. Catfish talakawa, photos da ka iya gani a kasa, na zaune a cikin kõguna sunã gudãna a cikin Baltic, Caspian da kuma Black Sea.

Turai catfish - sedentary kifi. Kusan duk rayuwarsa ya ciyarwa a cikin wannan rami, da wuya ya bar ta a search na abinci. Kawai a lokacin da spawning kakar a cikin bazara, catfish ya fita daga gidansa da kuma motsa cirewa, shigar da floodplain tabkuna da kuma floodplains for spawning.

Catfish talakawa sosai ba zai iya tsaya wa a cike da laka ruwa. Domin irin wannan dalilin wadannan kifaye suna located a bakin aikin gandu a lokacin da Ruwan Tsufana - a search na ruwa mai tsabta. Saboda wannan dalili, da ruwan tufanan, ya sau da yawa ya fi son zama a cikin floodplain tabkuna ko a cikin kogin floodplain.

Catfish kowa: tsarin

Wannan kifi ne halin da sabon abu waje data. Abu ne mai wuya kowa zai kira shi da kyau fice a tsakanin karkashin ruwa mazaunan. Babbar shugaban nauyi ne ¼ jimlar nauyin kifi, manyan baki ruwansa da yawa kaifi amma kananan hakora, disproportionately kananan idanu kusa da baya na kai. A biyu daga m dogon gashin baki ne a kan lebe na sama da kuma Chin - biyu mafi nau'i-nau'i daga kananan barbels. Ga abin da wani talakawa catfish. Bayyanar a cikin wannan predator ba mafi kyau.

The jiki a gaban zagaye karfi da matsa a mayar da laterally. Yana smoothly cikin wutsiya filafilin kifi. A dorsal filafilin kifi ne takaice, located quite kusa da kai. Anal, ƙara wutsiya filafilin kifi da alaka to. A duban farko, ga alama kamar wata babbar kifi shugaban smoothly cikin wutsiya.

launi

Catfish talakawa, da watsuwar wanda aka sau da yawa samu a wallafe for anglers, kuma launi ne wajen fadin: a baki baya, da fari ciki tare da yellowish tinge. Sikeli a jiki ne gaba daya ba a nan. An densely rufe da gamsai, abin da na tsare fata daga parasites catfish.

A size of catfish

A farkon wannan labarin da muka ambata cewa talakawa catfish - kifi ne manyan, amma da yawa daga cikin masu karatu, kuma kada ku yi nawa. Sau da yawa, jiki tsawon har zuwa hudu mita, da kuma nauyi - daya ɗari da tamanin da kilo. Kuma wannan ba iyaka. Akwai lokutta da yawa ya fi girma. Soma girma cikin sauri a farkon biyar ko shida da shekaru. A hankali, su girma slows saukar, kuma zuwa shekaru takwas a kifi yin la'akari goma sha bakwai kilo.

Kofe ciwon matsakaicin nauyi, su ne musamman rare. Alal misali, a cikin karni na sha tara, an gyarawa Refayawa fiye da mita uku a tsawon kuma yin la'akari 220 kg. A 1856, a kan Dnieper ya aka kama catfish talakawa yin la'akari game da 400 kg da tsawon game da biyar mita.

A halin yanzu, mafi m lokutta ba fiye da 1.6 mita. Domin zamani anglers farin ciki mai yawa da kuma babban rabo mai girma yana dauke da wata dama ga kama kifi tsawon da rabi mita da kuma yin la'akari fiye da ashirin kilo. A matsakaicin nauyi na wannan nau'in rubuta a cikin lokaci - da tsawon 2,78 mita da kuma weighs 144 kg.

hanyar rayuwa

Catfish talakawa - da aka sani homebody: shi ba ya yi ƙaura daga saba mazauninsu. Next zuwa gare shi, kamar yadda mai mulkin, suna spawning da kuma ciyar da filaye. Wadannan kifaye fi son a Kadaitaccen rayuwa a cikin manyan makarantu da suke faruwa a cikin sanyi. Suna sanya shi a cikin zurfin rami, kuma a daina ciyar da har spring.

Catfish talakawa - a manyan predator da take kaiwa demersal salon. Mai dadi sai ya ji a cikin m sassa na tafki. Ya bukatar da rami, driftwood, kogwanni.

Mafarautan catfish talakawa kwantonsu. Bayan boye a wani secluded wuri, ya bai rush da kuma kama su ganima. A m ruwa, inda za ka iya ganin ci gaban matasa kifi, yawanci ke farauta ita garken soms. Sunã tsaye a kan halin yanzu, bude baki da kuma hadiye tumaki na kananan kifi. Som talakawa da rana ka huta up a wani rami ko cikin kogo, da kuma neman fita kawai a dare ko a yamma. Hadaya taimake shi ya sami gashin baki da kuma m fata.

A watan Oktoba-Nuwamba catfish tsaya a nan ba cin kuma ya ta'allaka ne a cikin rami kafin sauran kifi, yayin da ya buries kansa a cikin laka. Tun a wannan lokaci catfish ba matsayi wani hadari ga sauran karkashin ruwa mazaunan, su ne a cikin wannan rami domin hunturu shige sauran manyan kifaye, mafi sau da yawa irin kifi.

abinci

A matsayin talakawa catfish - mai predator, shi ne quite halitta da cewa dalilin da ya rage cin abinci ne kifi, tare da duk masu girma dabam da kuma iri. Manyan mutane da yin la'akari fiye da 30 kg, - Akwai quite amfani da tsauraran matakan da unwieldy. Sun yawanci kama matasa kifi, wanda aka kõma a cikin bakinka da ruwa. su wani lokacin, ya kange a secluded kusurwa, to tafarkin more babban kifi gashin baki da cewa kama karkashin ruwa tsutsotsi.

Manyan samfurori ganima a kan dukan abubuwa masu rai da iyo a cikin ruwa: ruwan tsuntsaye da su kajin, kananan dabbobi.

Bugu da kari, catfish ma ciyar da:

• cancers.
• leeches.
• River clams.
• Nightcrawlers.
• frogs.

haifuwa

Kamar mafi yawan predatory kifi, catfish talakawa ke tsiro da sauri sosai da kuma zama jima'i balagagge a shekara ta huɗu ta rayuwa. A ikon haifa wannan nau'in Sar faruwa a lokacin da kifi ya kai girman game da 60 cm da wani nauyi na 3 kg. Wadannan sigogi ne halayyar biyar catfish. Dangane da yankin a cikin abin da rãyukansu talakawa catfish, haifuwa (spawning) na iya faruwa a lokacin rani ko spring.

Domin wannan tsari na bukatar ruwa zazzabi +17 ... + 20 ° C. A karkashin sharadi gwargwado, Turai catfish mãtã sa su qwai rabo biyu - har zuwa 30 dubu qwai. The mutum da ya fi girma da mace, da mafi qwai ta kayansa mãsu. Girma na qwai - ba fiye da uku millimeters.

Shirya don spawn, da mace settles a kan tushe na wani lake ko wani kogi jack. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi ne m taso rami, ya rufe da ruwa da shuke-shuke. An located in m ruwa, akalla saba'in santimita daga surface.
Caviar manyan kuma m, don haka ne nan take gam ga ganuwar da kuma kasa daga cikin gida.

A qwai ci gaba da sauri sosai - 3-10 kwana. Larvae daga qwai samar a farkon. Sa'an nan tunawa jakar kwai, da kuma haske ya bayyana soya, ba fiye da 15 mm a tsawon. Duk wannan lokaci namiji tsare gida. Sun ci gaban da aka kara karuwa, musamman a kudancin koguna. A shekara ta fari ta rayuwa, da toya girma har zuwa 40 cm da aka samun game da 500 grams. Duk da haka, akwai wani babban kaso na mutuwar mutane a wani matasa shekaru. Up zuwa shekara mai rai daga kawai 5% na matasa dabbobi da wannan nau'in na catfish.

Rayuwa bayan spawning

Bayan waddan catfish baya a wuraren kiwon - zurfi ramukan. Da isar da zurfi cikin rami, da more shi mafaka da kuma snags, da ya fi girma da kuma mafi yawa da suke zaune a ta Soma. A wannan yanayin, da shirun da kuma samuwar mafaka a cikin yankunan da kifi mazauninsu ne mafi muhimmanci fiye da zurfin tafki. Sun samfurori, yin la'akari kasa da 15 kg, iyo a zurfin mita uku, yawanci a dams, karkashin overhanging bankuna ko podmytuyu karkashin tushen da itatuwa.

Catfish kowa: tsawon rayuwar

Wannan kifi nasa ne da centenarians. Masana kimiyya sun ce sun iya rayuwa har zuwa mai shekara hamsin. Amma don irin wannan cikakke tsufa tsira, ba kowane talakawa catfish. Ta yaya wadannan kifaye rayuwa a cikin daji? Rayuwa Hasashen ne (a karkashin sharadi gwargwado) talatin ko shekara talatin da biyar.

kamawa catfish

Wannan ne mai matukar ban sha'awa da tsari ga anglers kwararru da kuma yan koyo m. Lokaci mafi kyau ga kama wadannan kifaye ne lokacin rani. Good biting faru a kwantar da hankula dumi weather bayan faduwar rana, kuma a gabãnin fitõwar rãnã. Soma ciyar da kullum, amma ba tare da wannan rõwa. Da gari ya waye, kafin fitowar rana da kuma dare catfish suna cizon fairly aiki. Kuma idan shi drizzles kadan ruwan sama, da kama kifi ne zai yiwu a ko'ina cikin yini.

Magance mafi riba ba jefa sama da rami, da kuma hanyar da na dare farauta catfish. Yawancin lokaci shi ne hanya daya. Wuri mafi kyau shi ne Rolls, wanda su ne musamman arziki a cikin live koto a kan su, wanda zai iya zama wani kifi wasu fiye da dogon lokacin da lamarinsa. Excellent bututun ƙarfe, bisa ga masunta, ne bano, catfish amma wani lokacin shi karya, domin kifi suna strung a kan lebe.

Sau da yawa amfani da koto babban kifi, ko da yake wannan ba gaba ɗaya wajaba a kansa. Offal kifi da kaji, leeches, gasa kaji, bantara na nama catfish ba su da sha'awar. Amma wari na kona gashi ko gashinsa ga wannan kifi ne mai tsananin kyau. Domin koto za ka iya amfani da crayfish yayin da suka Molina, a lokacin da harsashi ne mai taushi.

Zai yiwu mafi fi so bi da catfish ne a rana. A wannan ya son dogara ne ban sha'awa hanya na kama kifi - klochene. Domin catfish amfani da Jaka, amai koto a cikin zargin da ake yi wurin ciyar da kifi.

The sanda dole a daure a kan gungumen azaba kore a cikin ƙasa, kõ kuwa m rassan a matsayin cizo chetyrehkilogrammovyh lokutta har sosai kaifi da kuma a cikin dakika sanda daukan kashe. Dandana anglers gardamar cewa cizo iya zama da karfi da cewa da sanda (gwajin 190 g) 1.9 mita tsawo, kamar spring, tashi a sararin sama da kuma gaba daya sabon monofilament (0.3) a daidai lokacin a tsage.

tattalin arziki muhimmanci

Catfish kama kifi ne na kowa view. Its darajar ta'allaka ba kawai a cikin m, kuma m nama: daga cikin iyo mafitsara da kifi samun mai girma manne, amma a zamanin da wanke fata catfish aka yi amfani a matsayin "gilashin" windows. A cikin thirties na karshe karni kama a wasu ruwaye kai miliyan 4.2 ton, amma a yau sun rage muhimmanci.

kare matsayi

Abin baƙin ciki, saboda uncontrolled kama kifi, ciki har da farautar, kusan duk fāɗin duniya da yawan talakawa catfish rage. A da yawa kududdufai, inda ya rayu a cikin manyan yawa, catfish zama m bako. A wannan connection, a yankunan da yawa shi ne kare. A gefuna da kewayon catfish musamman rare, misali, a cikin Jamhuriyar Karelia a 1995 ya aka jera a cikin Red Littãfi a matsayin miyagun rare jinsuna.