Da aunawa kayan metrological halaye. Main kwatance na metrology

A muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tattalin arzikin na kowace ƙasa wasa metrology nagartacce, bayan da ta ji na jiki sigogi daban-daban abubuwa. Domin wannan dalili, da aunawa kida ana amfani, da yin amfani da abin da aka kayyade ta raba dokokin. Mene ne bayani dalla-dalla na metrology dokokin a Rasha? Abin da bin doka da oda ne halin da amincewa da kuma aikace-aikace na metrology?

Mene ne Metrology?

Don fara koyon wasu msar tambayar maki, nuna da peculiarities na metrology. Aunawa kida, metrological halaye - sharuddan alaka da wannan kimiyya reshe.

Babban kwatance na metrology:

- ka'idar ma'aunai.

- da amfani da jiki yawa.

- matsaloli domin sanin daidaito na daban-daban ma'aunai, da kuma uniformity gano fuskanci a nan;

- zabi na matsayin da samfurori, kazalika da m aiwatar a cikin daban-daban duniyoyin da tattalin arziki.

Babban batu na binciken karkashin shawara horo - hanyoyi da kayan aiki, wanda ake amfani da domin yin la'akari da wasu abubuwa, bisa laákari da nauyi, tsawon, juz'i, da iko, da sauransu ..

Ainihin Concepts ake amfani a metrology:

- jiki da siga (wanda yake shi ne dukiya da abu, wanda ke bambanta shi bisa ga wasu sharudda daga cikin sauran, ko da sun kasance isasshe kama da shi);

- ma'auni (hanya ya shafi gano wani daraja daga cikin jiki siga da ake ji daban-daban kayan aikin da ta kwatanta da misali dabi'u).

- wajen aunawa da kuma sa idanu - kayayyakin aikin da ake amfani da ji na wani sashi ne na jiki da siga.

Idan muka magana musamman game da cika mũdu, kuma zai iya a lura cewa babu wani daga wadannan za a iya gabatar a dama siffofin. Bari mu bincika su daki-daki.

rarrabuwa

A general hali a karkashin ji yana nufin fiye gane injiniya kayan aiki actuated domin gwada daban-daban abubuwa, wanda ya bisa al'ada metrological sigogi maida shi musamman domin sake kunnawa ko ajiya na wasu jiki sigogi da darajar da aka soma kamar yadda akai a cikin saiti lokaci tazara.

Yana iya lura da cewa da irin yardar da aunawa kida a Rasha a matakin gwamnatin tarayya, kamar Tarayya Agency for fasaha Regulation da Metrology. Mene ne siffofin nau'ukanta? Aunawa nufin (metrological halaye an ma da dangantaka da ajalin) iya wakilta, musamman:

- awo (as wakili wanda aka kunna domin haifa jiki sigogi da wani size).

- da na'urar (as wakili wanda aka kunna domin samar da wani takamaiman alama ga aunawa data a mai amfani-friendly hanya).

- inverter (as wakili wanda aka yi amfani domin samar da wata sigina na ji data za a daukar kwayar cutar zuwa ga ci gaba da aiki a cikin shiga kayayyakin more rayuwa).

- ma'auni tsarin (kamar wani tarin kayan aikin da ake amfani da su janye ji sakonni a cikin tsarin da kakeso ciki har da mai amfani).

Wani rarrabuwa rarrabẽwa aunawa kida - matakin aiki da kai. Saboda haka, su ne:

- atomatik.

- partially sarrafa kansa;

- hõrarriya.

Metrological aunawa nufin ƙila za a classified bisa laákari da standardization. Saboda haka, za su iya zama:

- daidaita;

- unregulated.

Wani rarrabuwa rarrabẽwa aunawa kida - da ayyuka a cikin k kewaye. Saboda haka, za su iya zama:

- nagartacce.

- Tools.

Wani muhimmin rarrabẽwa ga aunawa kida - muhimmancin da daukar siga. Bisa ga wannan qa'idar, dõmin su kasance:

- asali;

- na biyu.

A cikin farko idan da ji ne wani jiki siga cewa yana da muhimmanci cikin sharuddan da nasara bayani na ji aiki. Bi da bi, akwai wani ma'auni da makami, da metrological halaye, wanda ya bukatar ji na ne kawai da sigogi da suke da wata iyaka sakamako, amma amma duk da haka muhimmanci da kuma bukatar rajista.

Bari yanzu mu bincika da ainihin yanayin da metrological halaye na dauke da kayayyakin aiki. Daya daga cikin wadannan kafofin zai zama baƙi a gare mu, hukumar yin amfani da dacewa kayayyakin more rayuwa.

A metrological halaye na aunawa kida

A daidai da gwamnatin matsayin hukumar da iri bukata magudi da wani ma'auni da makami, metrological halaye - wannan ne fasaha sigogi da bayyana Properties na Game da kayan aikin da ya shafi sakamakon daban-daban ma'aunai gudanar domin dalilai na kimantawa da ingancin, kazalika da to daidai tantance su sakamakon.

A halaye a tambaya na iya zama bisa al'ada, ko gwaji. Da farko rubuce a cikin misali takardun. Alal misali, wanda ake hada a kafa jihar rajistar VNIIMS aunawa wajen. Biyu ana amfani a wani musamman halin da ake ciki shan la'akari masana'antu tsari ko yanayi inda ma'aunai ake yi.

Features yin rijista na aunawa kida

Yana da amfani la'akari a more daki-daki abin da yake cikin Jihar Register na aunawa kida. Wannan hanya ne wani ɓangare na Tarayya Information Asusun kuma za a hannu domin duba hukuncin da aka amince Rosstandart. Register na aunawa kida ne zuwa kashi sassan cewa daidai da bayanai:

- da kayan aikin Rosstandart amince, takardun shaida na gabatarwar aunawa kida;

- takamaiman kofe na kida amince Rosstandart.

- girmamawa jama'a cibiyoyin, wanda gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da aunawa kida.

kiyayye littãfi a raga

An fito da rajista ne kiyaye domin:

- lissafin ji kayan aikin.

- samuwar Karkasa asusu na bayanai a kan dacewa yanke shawara cewa an amince ga saki da Rasha kamfanoni, kazalika da yin amfani ga a fannoni daban daban na tattalin arzikin.

- Rijistar na girmamawa cibiyoyin da hannu a gwaje-gwaje da aunawa kida;

- lissafin kudi don bayarwa Certificate of gabatarwar aunawa kida, kazalika da takardun shaida na girmamawa cibiyoyin da hannu a gwaji,

- Accounting software gwaji ji kida;

- bayanai goyon bayan 'yan kasa, kungiyoyi, da kuma na kasa metrology cibiyoyin na jihohin da shiga cikin hadin gwiwa a kan fitarwa da kuma aiwatar da gwaje-gwaje da aunawa kida.

Da abinda ke ciki na littãfi

Domin kowane irin kayan aiki, cikakken bayani game da abin da an rubuta a cikin Register, ana gyarawa:

- sunan.

- rajista lamba;

- manufar;

- kasar na asalin;

- manufacturer.

- sunan da gwajin cibiyar.

- haila daga cikin takardar shaidar.

- bayanai a kan tazara tsakanin verifications.

- bayanai a kan tabbaci hanya.

Tallafi na musamman a irin aunawa kayan aiki ne da za'ayi Rosstandart dangane da gwajin sakamakon dacewa kayan aikin da aka gudanar a jihar qware cibiyoyin.

Idan muka magana game da jihar ta rawa a cikin tsari da yin amfani da kayan cikin tambaya, kuma cewa, to dace da halitta jihar Register na aunawa VNIIMS cikin sharuddan da daraja na aikin masana gudanar da binciken na jiki sigogi a fagage daban-daban, yana yiwuwa ya kula da irin wuraren da aiki na jihar Tsarin matsayin tabbaci da kuma takardar shaida ma'aunai kayayyakin more rayuwa. Bari mu yi nazarin wannan al'amari a more daki-daki.

Tabbatar da na ji kayan aikin

Saboda haka, tare da irin wannan ayyuka kamar yadda, misali, da irin yardar da aunawa kida, gwamnati ne rayayye aiki don tsara su amfani. A musamman, a cikin irin wannan shugabanci kamar yadda tabbaci. Kayyade ta hali daban dokar tarayya.

A daidai da ta kayan abinci, tabbaci da na ji kida a wani yawan lokuta ne m. Alal misali, a jihar ji yana nufin kafin ainihin aiki, da kuma aiwatar da su gyara ya kamata a bari - a farko ko na lokaci-lokaci aukuwa m irin.

The aiki na wadannan kayan aikin masu amfani - don gudanar da wani cak a dace hanya. A ka'ida, tattalin arziki jamiái da hakkin ya rike da kansa, amma kawai karkashin wani yanayin - gaban takardun aiki ga ayyuka a fagen goyon baya da hadin kai na fasaha ma'aunai. A wasu lokuta, da tabbaci za a za'ayi ta musamman metrological sabis, wanda ya girmamawa. Matsayin mai mulkin, wannan ya shafi waɗannan lokuta a wadda gwamnatin Rasha m takamaiman jerin aunawa kayan for wanda tabbaci za a gudanar bisa ga dacewa makirci.

Da zarar dauke da hanya da za'ayi, takardar shaidar da aka bayar domin ta aiwatar. The m gwamnatin sashen zai iya ci gaba na musamman k alãmarsu, kazalika da tsarin da daftarin aiki. Bugu da kari, wasu hukumomin gwamnati iya izini da tattara sakamakon da tabbaci na daban-daban ma'auni kida.

A wasu lokuta, ko idan wani musamman kayan aiki ne ba kunshe a cikin jerin aunawa kayan for wanda dauke da fitar verifications zama dole, mai amfani zai iya gudanar da irin wannan ababen more rayuwa dace hanya aikin.

Takardar shaida ji kayan aikin

A karkashin jihar tsari na amfani da daban-daban hanyar ji ne kuma za'ayi da takardar shaida daga cikin ababen more rayuwa. Its ainihi - a tabbatar a sama da dukan mafi aminci amfani da wasu na'urorin. Bugu da kari, wani bokan da kayan aiki ne kunshe a cikin Jihar Register na aunawa kida. Yawanci, da hanya a tambaya ya shafi zane:

- Certificate Gost R ko Gost R kayan aiki furucin da na daidaitawa.

- takardar shaidar game da irin aunawa kida.

Takardar shaida za a iya yi a ko dai daya Rosstandart tabbatar cibiyoyin. Takardar shaida - wata hanya wadda, kamar tabbaci, zai yi wajibi ga wasu aunawa kida. Yawanci, wadannan bukatu suna kafa domin aunawa kida, wanda ake amfani da shi a wadannan yankunan:

- da ayyukan sojojin da ke jihar.

- magani.

- da ayyukan jami'an tsaron.

- cartography.

- surveying.

- ikon yinsa, daga tsari aiwatar da uniformity na ma'aunai.

Yabo na ji kayan aikin

Yana da amfani la'akari da wannan al'amari na amfani da kayayyakin aiki, ake magana a kai a matsayin yardar aunawa kida. Wannan hanya da aka ma da za'ayi tare da sa hannu na jihar a matsayin wani ɓangare na metrological iko. Tallafi na wani irin aunawa nufin daukawa m metrology sabis. A wannan sa:

- hanyoyin aiwatar da tabbaci nufi ga aunawa halaye.

- takamaiman Manuniya don auna daidaito na dabi'u;

- mafi kyau duka jeri na k kayan aiki.

Ta wajen aunawa da sakamakon amincewa da gwani dalĩli za en, musamman daftarin aiki. Muna magana ne game da irin wannan tushen ne amincewa da takardar shaidar aunawa kida. Yana za a iya bayar da a kan wani raba na'ura, da kuma serial samar da dacewa yanke shawara.

A sharadin na biyu da irin daftarin aiki na iya zama da kiyaye wasu manufacturer bayani dalla-dalla. Don bayar da takardar shaidar aunawa kida, kuma dole ne a ci gaba na musamman da takardun ga aiki da kayan aiki. Idan muka magana game da daftarin aiki don tsari samar da mafita, shi ne m dalĩli game da 5 years. Bayan haka, da yiwuwar tsawo a kan tushen da wani request daga masana'anta. Bi da bi, idan takardar shaidar da aka bayar ga guda samfurin, da inganci lokaci yayi dace da lokaci da sabis na'urorin.

K aunawa kida

Wani muhimmin al'amari na jihar tsari a cikin Sphere na metrology - shari'a ayyukan gudãnar da hanyar da ya kamata a za'ayi k aunawa kida. Menene wannan lokaci nufi?

K aunawa kida - wata hanya wadda ne da za'ayi don ƙayyade da kuma tabbatar da ainihin dabi'u na metrological halaye da kuma suitability don amfani ji dasu. Babban bambancin daga k tabbaci - shi ne cewa hanya a tambaya an gane sama duk a game da wadanda aunawa kida da cewa ba batun sarrafa da kuma kulawa da jama'a hukumomi.

A daidai da Rasha dokokin da kayan aikin da ba su shafi gwamnatin tsari na filin yayin da tabbatar da uniformity na ma'aunai, a kan wani na son rai bisa za a iya calibrated. Wannan hanya da aka za'ayi amfani da dama nagartacce, wanda aka kwatanta da kasa primary matsayin, ko kuma a cikin rashi, tare da kasa, wanda ake karba a} asashen waje.

K iya rike mutane - kasuwanci abokai da kuma 'yan kasuwa mutum batun da nassi na son rai takardun aiki. A sakamakon wannan hanya sannan za a yi amfani da matsayin wani ɓangare na tabbaci na wasu cika mũdu a cikin hanya ƙaddara da Rasha gwamnatin. Saboda haka, duk da cewa da k aunawa kida ne na son rai, amma duk da haka a jihar iya rajistar dokokin hukumar gudanarwa na wannan hanya da kuma ta aikace-aikace da sakamakon.