Da feat na Maresyev, matukin jirgi da kuma ainihin mutum. Menene Alexi Maresiev yake yi?

Halin Alexei Maresyev, wani mashahurin sojan Soviet, wanda ya rasa ƙafafu biyu a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, ya san kowa a yau. Nufin iko da kuma begen su rayu da gwarzo ga gaci mutuwarmu ta farko, sa'an nan da tawaya. Sabanin hukuncin da aka yanke masa, wanda Maceiev ya yi daidai da shi, ya tsira lokacin da ba zai iya yiwuwa ba, komawa a gaba don jagoran mota kuma a lokaci guda cikin rayuwa mai cike da gudu. Maresiev's feat shine bege da kuma misali ga mutane da yawa wadanda ke fama da mummunan yanayi ba kawai a cikin soja ba amma har ma a lokacin da suke da rai. Ya tuna abin da zai iya cimma ta wanda bai rasa ƙarfin yin yaki ba da kuma imani da kansa.

Maresyev Alexey Petrovich: yara da matasa

Mayu 20, 1916 a cikin gidan Peter da Catherine Maresiev, wanda ke zaune a garin Kamyshin (a halin yanzu Volgograd yankin), an haife shi na uku. Alexei yana da shekaru uku lokacin da mahaifinsa ya mutu daga raunuka da aka samu a gaban yakin duniya na farko. Uwarsa, Catherine Nikitichna, wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai tsabta a shuka, tana da matsala wajen tada kanta a ƙafafun yara - Peter, Nicholas da Alexei.

Bayan kammala karatun aji takwas, Alexei Maresiev ya shiga makarantar FZU, inda ya samu aikin sana'a. Shekaru uku ya yi aiki a wani ma'aikata na katako a cikin ɗansa na Kamyshin a matsayin mai juyi na karfe kuma a lokaci guda ya koyi a ma'aikata. Ko da yake yana da sha'awar zama matukin jirgi.

Sau biyu ya yi ƙoƙari ya shiga makarantar jirgin sama, amma an mayar da shi takardun: alamar cutar malaria ta sha wahala a ƙuruciyar yara ya raunana lafiyarsa, rikitarwa ta rheumatism. Mutane da yawa sun yarda da cewa Alexei zai zama matukin jirgi - ba mahaifiyarsa ko maƙwabta ba amma banda - amma ya ci gaba da kokari don yin burinsa.

A 1934, a cikin shugaban kwamitin Kysomol na Kamyshin, Maresiev ya tafi yankin Khabarovsk don gina Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Yin aiki a matsayin injiniyar diesel, shi ma yana aiki a cikin kulob din, yana nazarin aikin jirgin sama.

Shekaru uku bayan haka, lokacin da aka shirya Maresyev a cikin sojojin, an aika shi don ya yi aiki a cikin tashar jiragen ruwa na 12 na Sakhalin Island. Daga can, ya karbi mai kula da makarantar jiragen sama a garin Bataysk, wanda ya sauke karatunsa a matsayin mai jagorancin junansu. A can aka nada shi a matsayin malami. A Bataysk ya yi aiki har zuwa yakin.

Farawar yakin da tarihin jaruntaka

A watan Agustan 1941, an aiko Alexei Maresyev a gaban. Na farko daga cikin yakin da ya faru a kusa da Krivoy Rog. Lokacin da aka kai jirgin sama zuwa arewacin yammacin yamma a cikin bazara na shekara mai zuwa, an riga an tsara jiragen sama hudu a kan asusunsa.

4 ga Afrilu, 1942, a lokacin yakin basasa a yankin Staraya Russa (Novgorod yankin), an harbe Maresjev, kuma shi kansa ya ji rauni. Filato ya yi saukowa a cikin gandun daji - a gefen sansanin magabtan.

Shekaru goma sha takwas Alexei Maresiev ya yi yaƙi da mutuwa, yana yin hanyar zuwa gaba. Lokacin da aka raunata wadanda suka ji rauni, sa'an nan kuma aka hako da su, sai ya ci gaba da motsawa, yana ciyar da hawan, berries, cones ... Lokacin da yake da rai, yara biyu daga kauyen Plav (Plavni) a yankin Valdai ya sami shi a cikin gandun dajin. Mazauna sun dakatar da matukin jirgi kuma suka yi ƙoƙari su fita, amma sakamakon cututtuka da sanyi sun yi nauyi sosai. Maresiev yana bukatar aikin.

A farkon watan Mayu, jirgin saman ya sauka kusa da ƙauyen. Andrey Dekhtyarenko ya jagorancin shi - kwamandan rundunar, inda Maresiev ke aiki. An kai jirgin saman jirgin saman zuwa Moscow zuwa sansanin soja.

Shari'ar rashin adalci na likitoci da ... dawowar zuwa sabis

Duk abin da ke faruwa gaba daya ba kome ba ne fiye da Maresyaev ta dogon lokaci, ba tare da komai ba. An dakatar da shi tare da gangrene da kuma kamuwa da jini ga matukin jirgi, likitoci sun ceci rayayyu, amma sun kasance sun yanke masa ƙafa. Ko da yake yana cikin gado a asibiti, Alex ya fara horo. Ya shirya ba kawai don tsayawa a kan prostheses kuma koyi yadda za a matsa a kansu. A cikin tsare-tsarensa - ya mallake su yadda ya kamata su iya dawowa jirgin sama. Ya ci gaba da horar da shi a cikin sanarwa a shekarar 1942, yana da nasarori mai ban mamaki, wanda shine sakamakon ƙarfin ƙarfinsa da ƙarfin zuciya.

A farkon shekara ta gaba, an aiko Maresyev zuwa hukumar kula da lafiya, bayan haka ya sami wani mai ba da shawara ga Ibresinsky Flight School a Chuvashia. A cikin Fabrairun 1943, ya samu nasarar gudanar da gwajin farko bayan ya samu rauni. Duk wannan lokacin yana tare da gagarumin ci gaba da neman a aika shi gaban.

Kuma a cikin yaki!

An ba da buƙatar jirgin ruwan a Yuli 1943. Amma kwamandan kwamandan tsaro na tsaro na 63 na farko ya ji tsoro ya bar shi ya tafi aiki. Duk da haka, bayan da kwamandan tawagarsa Alexander Chislov, wanda ya nuna tausayawa da Maresyev, ya fara kai shi tare da shi don magance fitina, wanda ya zama nasara, nasarar da matakan jirgin ya karu.

Bayan da Maresiev ya shiga sama a kan karuwanci, kafin a kawo karshen yakin basasa bakwai, an harbe jirgin sama. Ba da daɗewa ba daukakar amfani da Maresyev ta yada gaba daya.

Kusa da wannan lokaci, na farko taron na Alexei Petrovich da yaki wakilinmu na jaridar "Pravda" Boris Polevoy. Dawowar Maresyev mai gwagwarmaya ya yi wahayi zuwa Polevoy don ƙirƙirar littafinsa mai suna "A Tale of Real Man". A ciki, Maresiev ya yi samfurin na ainihin hali.

A 1943, Maresiev ta karbi sunan Hero na Soviet Union.

Ƙarshen yakin. Life bayan shi - wani feat Maresyev

Bayan shekara guda, an mika Alexei Maresyev don barin tsarin gwagwarmaya kuma ya matsa wajen gudanar da jami'o'in Air Force a matsayin direbobi. Ya amince. A kan asusunsa a wannan lokacin, akwai fitinun tamanin da bakwai da kuma jirage goma sha ɗaya.

A 1946, an cire Alexei Petrovich Maresyev daga jirgin sama, amma ya ci gaba da kula da jiki mai kyau. Ya yi tafiya, ya yi tsere, yin iyo da kuma motsa jiki. An kafa rikodin kansa a Kuibyshev lokacin da ya tsallake Volga (mita 2200) a cikin minti hamsin da biyar.

Maresiev ya shahara sosai a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, an gayyatar da shi akai-akai ga abubuwa masu yawa, tare da halartar tarurruka da dalibai. A shekara ta 1949, ya ziyarci Paris, yana halartar taron farko na majalisar dinkin duniya na zaman lafiya.

Bugu da kari, ya ci gaba da karatunsa, ya kammala digirinsa a shekara ta 1952 daga Higher Jam'iyyar School na kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU, da kuma shekaru hudu daga baya ya kare a filin na tarihi sabawa rubuce-rubucensu.

A shekarar 1960, duniya ta ga littafin "A cikin Kursk kumbura", wanda marubucin ya Aleksey Maresev (photo kasa).

Lokaci mai yawa Maresiev ya yardar da aikin zamantakewa. Ya na daga cikin War Veterans kwamitin, aka zabe shi da Koli Soviet da Tarayyar Soviet, haka ma, ya jagoranci All-Russian WWII Guragu Asusun.

Iyali

Alexei Petrovich Maresiev ya yi aure. Galina Maresyeva (Tretyakova), matarsa, wani ma'aikaci ne na Babban Jami'ai na Air Force. Suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu. Babban dattijan, Victor (1946), a halin yanzu yana jagorantar Maresiev Foundation. Matashiya, Alexey (1958), wanda ya kasance yaro, ya rasu a shekara ta 2001.

Mutuwa

Kwana biyu kafin ranar haihuwar ranar haihuwar babban jirgin ruwa, ranar 18 ga Mayu, 2001, za a gudanar da wani wasan kwaikwayon a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Rundunar Sojan Rasha a lokacin bikin cika shekaru tamanin da biyar na Maresiev. Wani ɗan lokaci kafin farawar taron, Alexei Petrovich ya sami ciwon zuciya, bayan haka ya mutu.

Aleksey Maresev binne shi a Novodevichy hurumi a Moscow.

Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya

Maresiev ta fama da haɗin aiki an ba da kyauta mai yawa. Baya ga Golden Star na Hero of the USSR da kuma wasu kyaututtuka na jiharsa na mahaifarsa, ya zama jarumi na yawancin umarni na kasashen waje da lambobin yabo. Ya kuma zama wani girmamawa soja na daya daga cikin soja raka'a, wani digirorin girmamawa jama'a na ƙasarsa Kamyshin, Orel, Komsomolsk-on-Amur da kuma sauran birane. Sunansa yana da asusun jama'a, da dama tituna, makarantu, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da kuma karamin duniya.

Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Aleksey Maresiev, ƙarfinsa, ƙaunar rayuwa da ƙarfin hali, wanda ya dace da shi ya zama sanannun mutum, zai kasance a cikin zukatan mutane har abada, yana zama misali ga tasowa na al'ummomi masu zuwa.