Epistemology - shi ne mafi muhimmanci reshe na falsafa

Falsafa - shi ne wani yanki na ilmi, da batun wanda shi ne kusan ba zai yiwu su ayyana daidai. Tambayoyi don wanda shi ne ake kira a gare su da amsa, suna sosai bambancin da kuma dogara a kan da yawa dalilai: shekaru, jihar da wani zurfin tunani. A bisa ga al'ada, falsafa ne zuwa kashi da dama rassan batun, wanda shi Mai gani ne ga. A mafi muhimmanci aka gyara su ne falsafar ilmi ontology da epistemology, bi da bi, da rukunan da kasancewa da ka'idar ilimi. Suke da muhimmanci sosai masana'antu, kamar Anthropology, zamantakewa falsafa, tarihi da falsafa, xa'a, ilmi, falsafa na kimiyya da fasaha, kazalika da wasu sauransu. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu daki-daki, sashe don nazarin yanayin mutum cognition.

Epistemology da epistemology - biyu sharuddan da zamu nuna wa wannan sabon abu - da ka'idar ilimi a falsafa. A zama na biyu daban-daban sharuddan saboda boko da kuma Gwargwadon dalilai: Jamus XVIII karni falsafa. rukunan da fahimi damar iya yin komai na wani mutum da ake kira epistemology, kuma a Anglo-American falsafa na XX karni. - epistemology.

Epistemology - shi ne mai falsafa horo cewa hulda da matsalolin mutum ilmi na duniya, koyo damar da ta da iyaka. Wannan reshe Investigates bango na ilmi, da batutuwan da ilimin da suka samu zuwa real duniya, da sharudda ga gaskiya, mai ilmi. A bambanci ga sciences kamar Psychology, epistemology - ne kimiyya wanda ya nẽmi a sami wani janar, duniya tushe na ilimi. Abin da za a iya kira ilimi? Shin, mu ilmi dangane da gaskiya? A ka'idar ilimi a falsafa ba nanata a cikin zaman shafi tunanin mutum inji ta wanda akwai ilimi na duniya.

A tarihin epistemology fara a zamanin tsohuwar Girka. An yi imani da cewa a karon farko cikin matsala, na gaskiya na ilimi a Yammacin falsafa yana sanya Parmenides, wanda a cikin rubutun "A Nature" tattaunawa game da bambanci tsakanin ra'ayi da kuma gaskiya. Wani manazarcin na tsufa, Plato yi imani da cewa asali rai na kowane mutum ya zama na duniya na ideas, da kuma ilimi na gaskiya ne yiwu a matsayin memory ga tsawon rai a wannan duniya. Ba kare wannan matsala, Socrates da Aristotle, tsunduma a cikin ci gaban hanyoyin m ilmi. Saboda haka, tuni a zamanin d falsafa mu sami da yawa gabascin wanda ba tambayar cewa epistemology - shi ne wani muhimmin reshe na falsafa.

Matsalar na ilimi sun shagaltar da tsakiyar matsayi a ko'ina cikin tarihin falsafa - daga tsufa wa yau. A mafi muhimmanci tambaya ya zama tambayi epistemology - shi ne mai babba yiwuwar sanin duniya. Yanayin da mafita ga wannan matsala ita ce qa'idar da samuwar irin wannan falsafancin, kamar agnosticism, shakka, solipsism da epistemological fata. The biyu matsananci wuraren view a cikin wannan yanayin ne, bi da bi, da cikakkar da cikakken incognisability knowable duniya. A epistemology shãfe a kan matsaloli na gaskiya da kuma ma'anar, ainihi, siffofin, akida, da kuma ilimi matakan.