Trophic matakin - wani kashi daga cikin abinci sarkar

Karatu biotic tsarin daban-daban kunsa, masana kimiyya sun lura cewa, duk da kwayoyin a cikin su suna sahu a cikin abinci sarkar. Kuma wadannan sarka a kowane daga cikin wadannan kunsa za a iya gano a mayar da yawa. A cewar shi da dukiyar da shi ne tushen samar da makamashi, kazalika da gini kayan motsa daga daya kwayoyin zuwa wani. Wannan shi ne daya kwayoyin ci wani, kuma shi a nuna jan wani uku. A nan ne mai sauki misali na irin wannan sarkar: ciyawa - saniya - adam.

Kuma duk wadannan sarƙoƙi suna da wuya ware daga juna - su ne duk united a daya abinci yanar gizo. Dangantaka a cikin wannan cibiyar sadarwa ne quite hadaddun. Alal misali, herbivores ci tsire-tsire da dama jinsunan. Kuma yara ma ba sosai picky a zabar nama don su rage cin abinci. Amma, duk da cewa wadannan abinci webs suna da yawa, kuma sun kasance duk quite bambancin - za su iya zama fit cikin guda makirci. Kuma wannan makirci kama da wannan: kore shuke-shuke - da farko masu amfani da - sakandare masu amfani - manyan consuments - propagator. Kuma propagator ne ko da yaushe a karshen da abinci sarkar da kuma na masu amfani da za'a iya samun dama. Duk wadannan raka'a ake kira trophic matakan.

Wannan shi ne, daga wani kimiyya ra'ayi, da trophic matakin - shi ne dukan sa na kwayoyin cewa zauna a cikin abinci yanar gizo a wani wuri. Kuma a al'ada yanayin kasa zai iya ƙidaya ba fiye da 3-4 na wadannan matakan. A farko trophic matakin - wannan shi ne haƙĩƙa shuka. Tun da su duka fara da abinci sarkar. Na biyu trophic matakin ne shagaltar da phytophagous, cewa shi ne herbivorous. Yana consuments farko domin da ci kawai Flora.

The uku trophic matakin ne shagaltar da masu amfani da na 2nd domin. Su ne da yara da cewa ci kawai herbivores. Bugu da ƙari, akwai iya zama euryphages, cewa shi ne omnivorous. Suna iya daidai a powered shuka, da kuma dabbobi abinci. Wadannan sun hada da aladu, Foxes, berayen, kyankyasai da kuma kama. Man shi ne inherently ma wani euryphages. a wannan matakin zai iya zama consuments da uku domin - suna da yara da cewa ciyar kawai dabbobi masu cin nama.

Kuma na karshe trophic matakin ne yawanci sun shagaltar da decomposers, watau heterotrophic kwayoyin. Sunã halakar, mineralizing da destructuring kunsa sharar gida. Bayan su "aikin" samun sauki ma'adinai mahadi. A decomposers bi da bi ya kasu kashi biyu azuzuwan. Wannan detritus - dabbobi da cewa an kai tsaye ciyar da kwayoyin sharan kuma matattu kwayoyin. Wadannan sun hada da Angulaye, Angulaye, wurin zaman diloli, hyenas earthworm da sauran "scavengers".

Har ila yau, koma zuwa decomposers da destructors. Su riga matattu bazu "kwayoyin" a kan inorganic mahadi. Kawai sa, da suka goyi bayan tafiyar matakai na bazuwar da kuma putrefaction. Wadannan sun hada da kwayoyin cuta da kuma fungi. Kuma duk wadannan trophic sarƙoƙi aka shirya don haka da cewa kera, masu amfani da kuma decomposers ta hanyar su yi mu'amala a hankali. Su kula da mutunci da tsarin da biocenosis, bunkasa da abu da kuma makamashi gudana. Wannan na taimaka wa tsari na muhalli.

Graphically a trophic muhalli tsarin tsarin za a iya wakilta a matsayin mai dala makamashi gudana. Its filaye ne masu kera ko 1st trophic matakin. Amma duk m matakan ne benaye da kuma saman dala. Kuma a cikin kowane daga cikin wadannan matakan ne da ya kwarara da makamashi. A samar da makamashi da ke daga daya matakin, makamashi ne shigar ga na gaba. Kuma babban dalilin irin wannan karamin adadin trophic matakan da ke cikin kowace al'ummar yanayin kasa ne cewa wani babba ɓangare na samar da makamashi a lokacin da irin wannan mulki, aka rasa. Akwai mulki 10%, da kuma bisa ga shi ne kawai adadin amfani da makamashi da aka canjawa wuri zuwa na gaba matakin. Kuma 10% - shi ne matsakaicin adadi. A wasu kunsa, irin yadda ya dace shi ne daidai kawai kashi daya.