Da kaddarorin aluminum - abu a kowane lokaci

Sau da yawa na farko sunan wani abu - na na'ura, abu ko samfurin - mafi m da m gani su ainihi. Kuma a sa'an nan akwai wani lokaci na gani, kuma ya zo da wani sabon sunan, kimiyya, a cikin abin da shi ne bayyananne "rãyuwar" ma'ana da ke shiga abu wulakantacce. Da zarar aluminum da sunan alumina, watau, "The lãka, daga ƙasa", da kuma lãka, kamar yadda muka sani, su ne na farko ƙasar. Yanzu da haka ya kira alumina. Da kuma maye gurbin wanzu kafin sunan "alumina" ya zo da sabon sunan - "Aluminum" - kyau, m da kuma kimiyya. Legend na farko zuwan aluminum, yana da wani bakin ciki ƙarewa: master, aka gabatar da Sarkin sarakuna Tiberius ban mamaki kofin mini ne unknown karfe don ci gaba da kyauta a cikin guda kwafin, kawai a yanayin, yanke kansa - samu wani ba. A waɗannan kwanaki, a farkon mu zamanin, tambayoyi na sirri warware fundamentally, da kuma godiya ga fasaha shi ma peculiar. Duk abin da ya, amma Paracelsus kafa goma sha biyar ƙarni cewa alumina (alum) amfani da su gyara dyes a yadudduka da leathers, ya ƙunshi oxide da wani ba a sani ba karfe.

Pure karfe ya iya samun kawai a 1825. Danish masanin kimiyya Oersted matsayin gefen sakamako na bincike da aka "wani yanki daga karfe kama tin ', amma ta ci gaba da aikin yi ba. Duk da haka, ta na tsakiya na XIX karni aluminum - azurfa, haske, da sauki aiwatar karfe - mai daraja fiye da zinariya. Da kaddarorin aluminum da farko nuna godiya jewelers. A da fashion, kuma a nuni a Paris a 1855, aluminum kayayyakin nuna dab da Faransa kambi tare da Diamonds. Kamar yadda aka sani, bukatar koran tayi, don haka fasahar samu goyon baya ga ci gaba. Kuma ta tsakiyar karni na ashirin da shi ya zama wani talakawa aluminum ne yadu a yi amfani da kayan aikin injiniya, da kuma jiki Properties na aluminum an da karatu.

Masana'antu samar da aluminum Technology

Dalili na aluminum samar ne electrolysis da albarkatun kasa narke an narkar da a cryolite alumina Al2O3. Domin electrolysis wanka da ake amfani, da zafin aiki ne kadan kasa da 1000 ° C. Zubi aluminum aka tattara a cikin kasa daga cikin wanka - wannan shigarwa cathode. Zuba shi a cikin siffar da kuma samun bullion ko ingots - da albarkatun kasa domin kara aiki.

aluminum Properties canza a so hanya ta wajen dopants. Kamar haka kai karuwa ƙarfi, taurin, zafi juriya, da dai sauransu tare da mayar da hankali a kan takamaiman aikace-aikace. Alloying kayan for daban-daban gami -. Copper, manganese, tutiya, magnesium, kazalika (a kananan yawa), silicon, da baƙin ƙarfe, nickel, da dai sauransu da aka kara wa narke a lokacin karshe yi na ƙãre samfurin so.

Basic jiki voystva da aluminum

Duk wani abu da halin da wani sa na physico-sinadaran Properties, wanda kayyade ta m amfani. Aluminum Properties - sassauci, low musamman nauyi, mai kyau thermal da lantarki watsin - sananne ga dukan.

• Aluminum Yawa - 2,710 kg / M3
• Narkewa batu - 660 ° C
• Tafasar batu - 2519 ° C
• A lantarki resistivity - 2.7 * 10-8 m ohms / sq mm.

Daga mahangar lantarki aikace-aikace mika wuyansu da sha'awa ne Magnetic Properties na aluminum, wanda shi yana nufin da kungiyar weakly paramagnetic abubuwa. Wannan aji na kayan ne halin a cewa ta Magnetic filin karkashin mataki na wani waje filin daidai da shugabanci, da kuma, ko da yake sosai dan kadan, amma yana ƙaruwa.

A amfani da aluminum

Darajar da kayan kayyade munasaba articles daga gare ta. Aluminum bukatar a farko wuri a matsayin yi abu. 'yanci na aiki da kuma ba da damar yin amfani da lalata juriya na aluminum kayayyakin a yi, aikin injiniya, don samar da zafi, abinci da kuma sauran iri kayan aiki. Aluminum - shi ne babban tsarin kasa na jirgin sama. Ƙara masu amfani da yadu aluminum gami for Shipbuilding - hulls, sadarwa, superstructure, daban-daban marine kayan aiki. An yadu amfani da masana'antu da kuma rayuwar yau da kullum silumin da duralumin - lalatattu aluminum gami da jan - har zuwa 7% ko silicon - har zuwa 14%.

aluminum watsin dan kadan baya zuwa tagulla, amma aluminum ne mafi sauki da kuma rahusa fiye da saboda da fadi da yin amfani da wutar lantarki, aikin injiniya. Kamar wancan ne ainihin kaddarorin da aluminum domin irin wannan amfani - a kananan lantarki juriya, nauyi, da kuma low cost. Ƙara a lantarki da kayan aiki, wanda kwanan nan gaba daya mamaye na musamman jan conductors, amfani da aluminum windings na gidajen wuta, inductors, reactors, "core" igiyoyi da sauransu. Ganga ikon line ne ma sun fi mayar da bashin aluminum.

Babu shakka cewa wannan ban mamaki karfe ya ba tukuna saukar duk ta yiwuwa - ne da za a yi a nan gaba.