Makiyaya wadata kewaye - wani misali na da dangantakar kwayoyin a cikin biocenosis

A wani biocenosis akwai hawan keke na al'amarin. Wannan yana nufin cewa suna kullum motsi, da kuma motsi daga matattun halitta da rayuwa da kuma mayar da sake. A tushen samar da makamashi ga wannan tsari ne da rana. Makamashi a farko sake zagayowar ne tuba zuwa cikin sinadaran makamashi, sa'an nan a cikin inji da kuma sa'an nan a cikin zafin rana a sakamakon abinci domin kwayoyin a cikin muhalli al'umma.

Wadannan dangantaka kuma ake kira trophic sarƙoƙi.

janar ra'ayi

Ga cikakken nazari biocenotic dangantakar dake tsakanin daban-daban kwayoyin a cikin kimiyya ya shafi manufar da abinci sarkar. Biology ba shi da wadannan definition: wannan jerin jinsuna ko kungiyoyin na kwayoyin, daga cikinsu abinci dangantakar ne tsanake, da kuma kowane gabanin mahada a cikin sarkar ne abinci domin daga baya.

Links da abinci sarkar

A wani abinci sarkar , akwai da dama links.

A farko mahada ne kera, ko kera. Rawar da suka taka da aka yi da autotrophic shuke-shuke, wanda a cikin tsari na photosynthesis maida hasken rana cikin sinadaran makamashi.

Na biyu mahada ne consuments. Su herbivores (primary masu amfani) da kuma dabbobi masu cin nama (na biyu da kuma manyan masu amfani da) dabbobi.

The uku mahada - shi decomposers. Suna gabatar da kwayoyin da cewa decompose kwayoyin sharan zuwa inorganic abubuwa.

Environmental dala

A mulki daga trophic (sinadirai) mahada zuwa ga wasu ko da yaushe ya auku abubuwa da makamashi hasara tenfold. Wannan yana dauke da wani ma'ana da kuma a cikin qasa kira mulki muhalli dala.

A tushe na dala shirya kera. Sama su ne na farko masu amfani da. A na gaba mataki ne na biyu da kuma manyan masu amfani da. Located a saman da yara. A tsawo daga cikin pyramids iya zama daban-daban na tsawo dangane da abinci sarkar. Yawancin lokaci shi ba ya wuce 4-5 raka'a saboda da m karu da makamashi.

Yana da muhimmanci cewa tsarin da kowane naúrar iya hada dama iri cin wani monotonous rage cin abinci. Kuma da dabbobi suke ci daban-daban abinci, za a iya zauna unequal matsayi a cikin sarkar, ko ya shiga raba haihuwarka.

Nau'in abinci sarƙoƙi

A duk nazarin halittu al'ummomi suna wakilta wasu iri samar da kayayyaki. Su ne wadannan sunayen: dendritic, makiyaya. Kowane jinsi yana da halaye, kuma ta fara da wasu kwayoyin. Saboda haka, makiyaya samar sarkar - wani misali game da dangantakar da abinci da fara tare da kore shuke-shuke iya photosynthesis. Irin wannan rangadi yawanci underlies da biocenosis. Dendritic bayyanar fara da kwayoyin da cewa yin amfani da makamashi sake a lokacin da aiki da sharar gida kwayoyin halitta.

Misalai na abinci, sarƙoƙi

Trophic interactions da kwayoyin a cikin al'amarin ne quite hadaddun. layi daya da harkar wadata sukan samu. Misalai: herbaceous ciyayi - kananan hakori - predatory dabbobi. ciyawa - herbivores (ungulates) dabbobi - manyan predatory dabbobi. Wadannan haihuwarka hada mambobi daga daban-daban tiers biocenosis kuma yi karko sadarwa therebetween. Wadannan interactions - a dabbõbin abinci sarkar. A misali a sama ya nuna da jerin gina raka'a cikinta.

A hadadden tsari na trophic dangantaka a cikin biocenosis tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali, aiwatar da mutunci. Idan balance da aka rasa a cikin wani nau'in (yawan dakushe a sakamakon cutar, mutum aiki), wanda shi ne wata mahada a cikin sarkar, akwai cikakken ko m halakar da dukan muhalli al'umma.

Mene ne dabbõbin abinci sarkar? Misalan sun ha] da wadannan: mutane cinye kananan hakori ajiye hatsi ƙasar. A sakamakon haka, ya mutu daga rashin abinci iri-iri da yara, ga abin da suke bauta wa, abinci. Bugu da ari decomposers karfe kadan kwayoyin maimaita (matattu) sharan da kuma samar da kasa adadin ma'adinai abubuwa. A sakamakon wannan ƙarshe ya zama sparse ciyayi saboda rashin inorganic abubuwa. A sakamakon haka, dukan biocoenosis iya oskudet da kuma juya a cikin wani irin.

Har ila yau, kandami ne a fun, kuma na gani dangantaka da kwayoyin. Yana kuma vnutripastbischnaya samar sarkar. Misali tsabtace tafki, inda algae da zooplankton bace. A sakamakon haka shi da nau'i nau'i na kananan kifi da cewa ciyar a kan su. Bugu da ari, akwai bacewar predatory kifi. A sakamakon haka, rage yawan kwayoyin, jinsunan bambancin da shuke-shuke da dabbobi, da dukan tsarin karya saukar. Tanadi zai bukaci babba lokaci da kuma wasu yanayi.

Saboda haka, abinci shaidu a cikin biocenosis ne babban dalilai na zaman lafiya da kuma ci gaba.