Formula propylene. Properties da kuma aikace-aikace na propylene

Kuma polymers sanya daga wadannan kayan, iyali abubuwa da na'urorin haɗi - wannan shi ne wani muhimmin ɓangare na masana'antu da kuma rayuwar mutum a general. Albarkatun kasa, da rashin alheri, mai tsanani tsautsayi a lokacin da suka yi amfani. Saboda haka, mutane da su koyi haduwa wucin gadi kayan da cewa suna da dama da muhimmanci fasaha halaye. Daya daga wadannan shine propylene. Chemical dabara wannan fili, musamman da kaddarorin da kuma tsarin da kwayoyin za a yi la'akari da labarin.

Polymers - a general bayanin

Wannan aji na mahadi hada da wadanda suke da matukar high darajar da kwayoyin nauyi. Saboda polymers - ne hadaddun kwayoyin mahadi da cewa kunshi mahara Nannagen monomer raka'a, wanda zai iya zama daga dama dubun ga daruruwan dubban ko miliyoyin.

Wadannan kungiyoyin iya bambanta tsakanin dukkan polymers:

1. Halitta asalin - sunadarai, nucleic acid kwayoyin na ATP, da sauransu.
2. Wucin gadi - mãsu su ne bisa halitta, amma an chemically modified domin inganta yi. Alal misali, wucin gadi rubbers.
3. Roba - wadanda aka halitta kawai da sinadaran halayen, kira a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje da kuma samar da shuka. Ga misalai ne roba yadudduka da kuma zaruruwa, polyethylene, roba rubbers, polyvinyl chloride, propylene da sauransu.

All filayen alama tare da kungiyar na polymers - da muhimmanci masana'antu albarkatun kasa da shiri da kuma samar da kayan aiki daban-daban, iyali abubuwa, glassware, toys, furniture da sauran abubuwa.

Wakilai daga cikin mafi muhimmanci roba polymers

A sunadarai dabara na daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci wakilan roba polymers aka rubuta a matsayin (-CH ₂ -CH ₂ -) _n. Wannan polyethylene. Ya yankunan da amfani an san. Wannan iyali bukatun (shopping film), da kuma masana'antu, da kuma masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci (shiryawa abu). Duk da haka, ko da yake shi ne ya fi kowa, amma ba kawai wakilin yana da muhimmanci ga mutane. Yana iya kuma sun hada da irin polymers kamar:

• PVC.
• propylene.
• polyisobutylene.
• polystyrene.
• Teflon.
• polyvinyl acetate, da sauransu.

Yana da yake a cikin yi kasuwanci, kuma domin yin cookware taka muhimmiyar rawa abu kamar propylene. Saboda haka, an kara la'akari da fasali daga sinadaran ra'ayi.

propylene Formula

Daga mahangar kimiyya sunadarai, da abun da ke ciki na abu za a iya bayyana a daban-daban na dabarbari. A farko zaɓi ne da kwayoyin nau'i na rubuce-rubuce. A wannan yanayin da dabara ne kamar yadda propylene (C ₃ H _{6) n.} Last polimerazatsii n ne mataki, Ina nufin yawan tsarin raka'a a cikin na farko macrochain.

Wannan rikodin nuna wani ingantaccen da kuma gwada yawa abun da ke ciki na kwayoyin. Polypropene kunshi carbon da hydrogen atoms, da kuma lambar a cikin monomer naúrar ne daidai da daidai 3/6, da kuma a total sarkar dogara a kan index n. Idan muka yi magana game da tsarin da fili, a kan tsari na kwayoyin halitta a cikin DNA, to, kana bukatar wani daban-daban irin rikodi abu.

Propylene: tsarin dabara

Record type, wanda ya nuna tsari na atomic shaidu a cikin DNA, da ake kira tsarin dabara. Domin abubuwa dauke a nan shi zai yi siffar: (CH ₂ -CH-CH ₃ -) _n. Babu shakka, valence kwayoyin halitta kowa a cikin kwayoyin sunadarai kuma an riƙe a cikin wannan harka. Formula propylene ko polypropene nuna irin monomer naúrar underlies fili. An kafa daga wani unsaturated hydrocarbon (alkene) propene ko propene. Its empirical dabara: C ₃ H _8.

A farko monomer

A dabara domin samun propylene monomer kamar haka: (-CH ₂ -CH-CH ₃ -). Idan wannan guntu an maimaita sau daruruwa, mu samun dukan macromolecule, wani roba polymer, wanda aka dauke kayan. Bugu da kari, mun riga ya nuna cewa, duk da fara abu domin da Polymerization dauki kamata a yi la'akari da al'ada alkene - propene. Shi ne propylene monomer. Tsarin dabara za a rubuta kamar CH ₃ -CH = CH _2. A hutu so biyu bond moiety kafa a lokacin Polymerization. Wannan guda monomer naúrar, wanda maimaita siffofin da wani polymer macromolecule.

Jiki da kuma sinadaran Properties

Propylene dabara (-CH ₂ -CH-CH ₃ -) _n ya ba da wani nuni ne na ta jiki da kuma sinadaran halaye. Mun jera babban rabo.

1. Jiki Properties na polymer: 0,91 g / cm ^3, tukuru, abrasion resistant, ba batun lalata. White, opaque. Babu wari. A ruwa, Organic kaushi a talakawa yanayin zafi insoluble. Lokacin da index sama 100 ⁰ C an narkar da a hydrocarbon mahadi. Ya fara zuwa laushi bayan 140 ⁰ C, a 170 ⁰ C yakan narke. Yana yana da zafi da kuma sanyi juriya.
2. Chemical Properties. Daga cikin ra'ayinsa na aiki, polypropene za a iya dangana ga ma inert abu. Shi ne iya maida martani ne kawai tare da wani musamman karfi oxidants: fuming nitric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, oleum, aiki halogens (sunadarin flourine, chlorine). Tun da ruwa ba mu'amala a duk, ko da a dagagge yanayin zafi. Tun kawai oxygen reacts gare sakawa a iska mai guba da ultraviolet da haske, shi yana tare da wulakanci na polymer. A Organic solvents tare da kara yawan zafin jiki ta kumbura, kuma dissolves.

Wasu kaddarorin za a iya dangana ga halaye na da kayan da aka yi amfani da masana'antu. Duk da haka, ba duka guda propylene. Akwai musamman Additives cakosoban, wanda aka halitta ta amfani da daban-daban maki na polymer karkashin shawara.

Material Bayani dalla-dalla

Yana yiwuwa a designate da dama na asali Properties mallaki by propylene abu. Halaye na ta wadannan:

1. Lokacin da dumama ne iya narke, laushi baya.
2. Akwai yana da madugu Properties.
3. Udarostoek, m lalacewa.
4. Resistant zuwa abrasion.
5. Tsufa lokacin da fallasa zuwa hasken rana da kuma oxygen, amma tsari ne isasshe m.
6. Kamar yadda polymer yana da kananan kwayoyin nauyi.
7. Yana da wani farin, translucent, yana da wani dandano ko sansana.
8. Idan konewa ba emit abubuwa masu cutarwa, tana fitarda wani haske na fure ƙanshi.
9. Shi ne m, m, resistant zuwa iri daban-daban gurbatawa.
10. Yana yana da zafi da kuma sanyi.

All filayen alama da propylene a matsayin abu Properties sa ya dace da wani iri-iri bukatun. Yana da sauki don amfani, sauki don kula da yin amfani da a yi na wani bangare na tattalin arziki.

A cikin duka, akwai uku main irin wannan abu:

• attaktichesky.
• syndiotactic.
• isotactic.

Babban bambancin dake tsakanin su - shi ne da na sarari tsarin da kwayoyin. Musamman - da methyl kungiyoyin a cikin sarkar. Har ila yau bayani dalla-dalla tasiri tabbatar da dorewar Additives, da yawan monomer raka'a a macrostructure.

Samar da kayan ko dai a cikin wani nau'i na granular crystalline tsarin ko a cikin nau'i na zaruruwa, zanen gado.

Yankunan da amfani

Material propylene amfani ga samar da daban-daban fina-finai, marufi kwantena, abinci kwantena. Yana da saboda shi ne yakan sanya daga roba kofuna da kuma sauran abubuwa na yarwa tableware. Wannan abu da ake amfani domin yin m, resistant zuwa sinadaran jamiái propylene aikin famfo bututu.

Ana amfani don ƙirƙirar shumonepronitsaemyh kayan. M tef - shi ne ma daya daga propylene iri.

Attaktichesky abu da ake amfani da su sa:

• mastics.
• adhesives.
• caulking.
• m kaset.
• pavements da sauransu.

A manyan yawan propylene zanen gado, zaruruwa, ya fita domin yi na toys, stationery, iyali abubuwa da kuma kayan gida.