-daban na kasar gona

Type ne babban naúrar na ƙasa rarrabuwa. Bayar da shi ne a daidai da ƙasa profile. V. V. Dokuchaev a 1886, da farko classified iri.

Kasa cewa sun taso a cikin shakka daga namo yankunan baya m ga inganta harkokin noma, ne na musamman kungiyar.

Wasu jinsunan ba samar da kungiyoyin (zones) da ake samu a wasu yankunan a cikin zones. Wannan shi ne sun fi mayar saboda da peculiarities na kankara, moisturizing taimako.

The fi na kowa iri na kasa suna dauke da za a raba mukamin. Su (tare da shuka da kuma sauran abubuwa na wuri mai faɗi) ulla wata halitta filin.

-daban na kasar gona

1. Marsh ƙasar. Wadannan kasa suna kafa ta shafe tsawon ko wuce kima danshi m (waterlogging). Yawanci, suna samar a cikin gandun daji yankunan temperate sauyin yanayi.
2. Brown gandun daji. Wadannan iri kasa ne, yafi samu a coniferous da deciduous gandun daji a yankunan da moderately dumi gumi sauyin yanayi.
3. Brown semidesert, bari steppe. Wadannan iri kasa an kafa a yankin tare da bushe sauyin yanayi a cikin temperate zone, wani hamada-steppe shuka iri.
4. Mountain. Su wakiltar wani rukuni da aka kafa a cikin wani dutse yankin. Kusan duk gona da iri a hada a cikin wannan category ne halin da gravelly, low ikon da gaban primary ma'adanai.
5. Brown. Common a Semi-Hamada da kuma matakan da temperate zone.
6. Makiyaya kasa suna kafa a karkashin daji shuka iri a cikin yankunan da high danshi ko surface yankunan da fallasa su ci gaba da daukan hotuna na ruwan karkashin kasa.
7. Saline. Common a busassun wuraren da ƙara maida hankali (mafi girma daga 0.25%) na ma'adinai salts, readily mai narkewa a cikin ruwa - magnesium, alli carbonates, sodium, sulfates, chlorides.
8. Podzolic kasa kafa a gauraye gandun daji da gandun daji, a wani temperate nahiyar da kuma nahiyar sauyin yanayi. Suna fuskantar matsanancin danshi da kuma kullum wanke yayyo ruwa.
9. Gray kasa ne na kowa a cikin hamadar da kuma Semi-Hamada a subtropical zone.
10. Fusion kasa an kafa a subtropical, na wurare masu zafi, Equatorial zones. A ta profile ake Fused sararin sama cewa rigar ta kumbura, kuma samun wani high ductility, ya zauna m da kuma m, a bushe siffan.
11. Tundra. Dokoki a hade da kasa a Arewa Hemisphere, ta tundra. Wannan category hada tundra humus-carbonate, sod, da kuma sauran podzolic gona.
12. Black gona. Wadannan kasa ne na kowa a cikin steppe da gandun daji steppe bangarori na temperate zone.

An muhimmanci nuna alama ga ƙasa rarrabuwa ne abun da ke ciki.

Light - m - gona ya hada da babban adadin yashi, a kananan rabo daga humus, karamin adadin lãka barbashi. Kasa mafi girma yawa suna classified a matsayin nauyi - lãka kasa. Ba su crumble a lokacin aiki, a daya hannun, samar da manyan clumps, wanda ya sa shi sosai wuya digging.

Stony kasa faruwa a kan gangara na duwãtsu ko duwãtsu, kuma daban-daban haihuwa. Mafi yawansu ba su dauki wani ɓangare na dutse, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa.

Dalili na peat kasa sun dauki mafi yawa kwayoyin halitta. Su ne mai arziki a cikin nitrogen da potassium low a da sosai kadan adadin phosphorus. Duk da haka, akwai torfovivianitovye kasa, a cikin abin da, a akasin haka, akwai wani babban taro na phosphorus.

Sandy kasa suna dauke da yawa daga cikin kaddarorin da yashi da a daidaita rabo na gyara, suna cikin tsaka-tsaki jinsunan. Wadannan kasa suna dauke alamun nasara a duk mutunta ga namo na shuke-shuke.