Description Sampson Cathedral. Sampson Cathedral a St. Petersburg

St. Petersburg yana da wani abu don mamaki yawon bude ido. Drawbridges, dutse embankments na Neva da sanyi ripples halitta shi daraja na St. Petersburg. Mutane da yawa a cikin birnin da kuma daban-daban gine-gine da Monuments. Northern babban birnin kasar, sabanin a Moscow, ba zai iya gadara da fita baya ƙarni na tarihi, amma akwai wasu tsufa. A mayar da hankali na wannan labarin zai zama Sampson Cathedral a St. Petersburg. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi tsoho majami'u, kiyaye to mu kwana. Bugu da kari ga ban sha'awa gine-gine, da babban coci fa, tã da hankali da kuma m? Minai, saboda akwai za ka iya bauta wa sauran kaya daga St Sampson. Wannan halin yanzu babban coci rector aka nada zuwa ga daraja da Archpriest Alexander Pelin. Amma da coci kuma hidima a matsayin gidan kayan gargajiya ayyuka. A musamman iconostasis na babban coci ba kawai m for Orthodox Kiristoci, amma kuma a wasu tarihi da kuma al'adu sha'awa. Monument wa Bitrus, mai girma kuma da gangan sa gaba zuwa coci. Bayan duk, da Cathedral ne a hankali nasaba da tarihin mu mahaifarsa da kuma ta mai daraja nasarori.

prehistory

A Rasha, shi ya dade da aka gudanar da su gina wata coci sadaukar da gagarumin events. Kuma aka sadaukar domin mai tsarki majami'u, a cikin yini cewa wannan ranar ya faru a cikin Orthodox kalanda. A matsayin misali, za su iya haifar da Church of St. Panteleimon. Rãnar biyayya ga memory ne bikin da Orthodox a ranar 27 ga watan Yuli. A wannan rana a 1714 da kuma a 1720 Bitrus da Great lashe yakin Gangut da Grengam. By guda dabaru da aka dage farawa da Sampson Cathedral a St. Petersburg. Amma nasarar da lashe sojojin Petra Velikogo a ranar yakin Poltava (Yuni 27, tsohon style - Yuli 8) a 1709, da yawa fiye da muhimmanci. A gaskiya, shi kunna komowar ruwa a ko'ina cikin Rasha-Swedish yaki. Saboda haka masana tarihi kimanta da muhimmancin da Battle of Poltava. Kuma tun Yuni 27 Orthodox juyayin tunawa Reverend Sampson da m, da sunan ga haikalin da aka riga ya yanke shawarar dogon kafin aka gina shi. Bitrus bai jira kammala aikin da keɓewarsa ta Haikalin, abin da muka gani a yau. Mun gama da shi a zamanin mulkin Empress Anny Ioannovny.

A tarihin Cathedral

Petr Veliky gaskiya zaton memory na yakin Poltava ne ya kasance a cikin memory daga duk Rasha mutane. Saboda haka, nan da nan bayan nasarar, ya ba da umarnin don gina Sampson Cathedral. The site da aka zaba tare da ambato shi. Shekara guda daga baya, a kan gefen hanya hanya manyan zuwa Vyborg - a cikin shugabanci na Sweden, wani katako coci da aka gina. A wannan 1710 shi aka tsarkake, kuma suna girmama na Sampson da m. Yanzu a wuri na asali coci ne ɗakin sujada na babban coci. Tun lokacin da aka located a waje da birnin haddi a cikin karni na sha takwas, an yanke shawarar kafa wani sabon hurumi. Bayan shekara goma sha takwas, a 1728, shi ya fara gina wani sabon dutse gini. Duk da haka, kamar yadda ya faru sau da yawa a Rasha, sadaukar da ginin ba su da isasshen kudi. Construction da aka tsayar da kawai ci gaba a lokacin da Anna Ioannovna. Ginin da aka tsarkake a cikin 1740.

Sampson Cathedral Museum

ginin Haikali ya akai-akai gyara kafin Oktoba juyin juya halin. Saboda haka, a cikin 1830s maimaitawa na ciki da coci da aka gudanar, a lokacin da Cast baƙin ƙarfe kasa da aka maye gurbinsu da wani dutse. Cathedral hadaddun sha wahala a lokacin juyin juya halin. A shekara ta 1933, duk da karrarawa da aka cire daga belfry tare da togiya na daya, wanda ya sha wahala daga baya, a watan Fabrairu 1942 saboda dako hit. A shekara ta 1938 babban coci da aka rufe. Na dogon lokaci shi housed da kantin sayar da shirye-sanya tufafinsu. A 2000, da gidan kayan gargajiya-Kabarin "St. Sampson Cathedral" karshe an bude. Bayan shekaru biyu restorers yi aiki a kan sabuntawa na ado murals na nave. Mun riga mun ambata cewa Sampson Cathedral - yanzu Orthodox coci. A farko ibadar da aka gudanar bayan da sake keɓewarsa ta na coci May 21, 2002. Yanzu da sabis da ake gudanar a can kowace rana.

Sampson Cathedral: yadda za a samu

Duk da haka dai, wani coci gina a kasar, ya zama daya daga cikin tsofaffin tsira a St. Petersburg. Ta, kazalika da wani abin tunawa ga Bitrus da Great, located kusa, suna daga cikin goma abubuwa "mast si" Northern babban birnin kasar. Mene ne adireshin da gani? Inda aka located a birnin map Sampson Cathedral? St. Petersburg, Big Sampson Avenue (yanzu da aka sani da Vyborg fili), d. 41. To isa coci, da dadewa zama birni, ba m, shi ne mai sauqi qwarai. Yana da mafi sauki to kai da jirgin karkashin kasa. Kana bukatar ka je "Vyborg" tashar. Wannan arewa-westerly shugabanci daga cibiyar. A wannan lokaci, Sampson coci administrative ɓangare na gidan kayan gargajiya a St. Ishaku Cathedral. Yana da wani dukan gine-gine. Yana hada da ainihin Cathedral, kararrawa hasumiya, ɗakin sujada, kuma kabari - duk wanda ya ragu na da zarar sararin hurumi.

dutse coci

A dukan gine-gine da aka fentin cikin jituwa a cikin wani haske blue color. Duk da haka, da gine-gine da ake gina a cikin daban-daban sau da daban-daban styles. Stone gini Sampson Cathedral da kararrawa hasumiya da aka kammala a 1740. Architect zauna ba a sani ba. Masana kimiyya iya kawai tsammani cewa marubucin wadannan wurare ya ko dai Mikhail Zemtsov, ko Dzhuzeppe Trezini. The musamman da suka bambanta da gini na babban coci ne cakuda styles. Yana za a iya gano a matsayin pre-Petrine gine-gine da siffofin da abubuwa, da ake kira kwararru 'Annensky Baroque "(mai suna Anna Ioannovna). Da farko, da haikalin da aka shugaba da babban Dome a kan wani babban drum faceted. Amma a 1761 shi makale zuwa hudu kananan cupolas. Wannan rufin - biyar albasa domes - dubi quite sabon abu. Ginin da aka gina da tubali a kan wani farar ƙasa tushe. A tsawo na babban coci da eaves - takwas mita, da kuma Krusty, crowning Dome - talatin da biyar mita. By da refectory adjoining Haikali.

belfry

Yana yiwuwa, shi ne brainchild na wannan m wanda ya gina da St. Sampson Cathedral. A kararrawa hasumiya ne na musamman zuwa St. Petersburg, kamar yadda yana da abubuwa na Rasha style of pre-Petrine zamanin. A gini ne zuwa kashi uku tiers. Lower bayyana fadi saboda da biyu a kaikaice kari. Yana yana da wani bude a cikin nau'i na wani baka. Upper tiers aka sanya a cikin Tuscan style. A hawa na biyu an sanya kayan ado "ƙarya taga". A cikin uku bene na belfry housed kararrawa na XVIII karni. Top dukkan wannan shiri tanti da takwas fuskoki dabam-dabam. Yana za a iya gani a matsayin ƙarya taga, a sama da yakan cikin albasa poppy-kai tare da giciye. Wannan kararrawa hasumiya ne cikakken atypical for St. Petersburg, amma sosai saba wa mazaunan tsoho Rasha garuruwa - Yaroslavl, Moscow, da kuma sauran Solikamsk.

ɗakin sujada

Yana tsaye a kan site na asali St. Sampson Cathedral a 1710. Lokacin da katako gini ya rududdugaggu, da kuma Diocese na yawan ya girma sosai cewa shi ba za a iya dauke a cikin wani karamin coci, an yanke shawarar gina wani dutse coci. Katako, babban coci da aka dismantled da shafin barrantar. Amma kawai a 1909 aka gina shi a ɗakin sujada. Wannan gini shi ne markedly daban-daban a cikin style daga cikin babban coci da kuma kararrawa hasumiya. Yana da aka gina ta m AP Aplaksin, samfurori da suke aiki F. B. Rastrelli. Masana sun kira wannan style of Elizabethan Baroque da kuma lura da cewa an yi amfani da yawa daga baya fiye da lokaci. A kararrawa hasumiya dubi girmi shi a zahiri ne. Bayyanar da karni na sha takwas gine-gine ba shi da wani biyu daga kusurwa ginshikan, taso keya pediment tare da "duk-gani ido na Ubangiji", dormer da kuma fitila da wani albasa Dome. Zai yiwu wannan karya ne "tsoho" da aka shibtarsu da bukatar saukar da wani ɗakin sujada dama kusa da Cathedral na karni na sha takwas.

hurumi

Tun da haikalin sadaukar domin Sampson, ya a waje da birnin iyaka, shi ne m kafa wani hurumi a can. Tun da farko, mutane da aka binne a kusa da su Ikklesiya coci. Parish unguwar ya kananan, da kuma wurin da aka komai. Sa'an nan aka yanke shawarar rufe akwai matattu a Rasha 'yan kasashen waje. Bayan duk, su ne wani nau'i ne na bidar da suka bar wannan duniya a baƙuwar ƙasa. Saboda haka, ya kamata su zama batun da ake tsare da Sampson da m. Kamar haka, akwai aka samu na karshe tsari na sanannun Masters, gina da kuma ado Petersburg. Sampson Cathedral shi ne Allaha wuri na gine-ginen Dzhuzeppe Trezini, A.Shlyutera, G. Mattarnovi, JB Leblon, da sculptor K.Rastrelli, painters da S.Torelli L. Caravaca. Abin baƙin ciki, da hurumi ba a kiyaye su. A 1885, daga al'amarin Empress Catherine II, shi da aka soke, da kuma a wuri da aka bari a kabari na kashe Yuni 27, 1740 abokan adawar Biron - P.Eropkina, A.Hruschova da A.Volynskogo. A site na binne su tunawa da Bas-taimako aiki na m da sculptor M. Schurupova A.Opekushin.

iconostasis

Hadawa styles peculiar zuwa waje ado na Haikalin, da kuma can da yake cikin ciki. "Annensky Baroque" za a iya gani a cikin uku iconostasis na St. Sampson Cathedral. Na musamman darajar ne main, located a cikin tsakiyar nave. Shi ne mai ban mamaki fitacciyar Rasha iconography na farkon karni na sha takwas. Babban frame ne Ya sanya daga Pine, kuma ado abubuwa - Linden. A kudancin hanya (Arhistratiga Mihaila) da kuma arewa (Ioanna Bogoslova) located kananan iconostasis cikin hudu tiers. Bã su da wani karin suna fadin size, amma ba na baya ga manyan na m darajar. Masu ziyara zuwa tambaya na yadda wadannan za a iya kiyaye su iconostasis daga Cathedral da wuya tarihi, wanda aka ziyarci da wani sito na kayan lambu da kuma tufafi store. Kusan kashi biyu cikin uku na zane-zane na coci ƙofofin da aka mayar da su zuwa Haikalin Alexander Suvorov gidan kayan gargajiya.

Monument wa Bitrus da Great

A ranar bikin na bicentenary na Battle of Poltava (1909), aka yanke shawarar bude wani sassaka na lashe a wannan yaki. Don yin wannan, ragowar da hurumi na St. Sampson Cathedral barrantar. Monument wa Bitrus kerarre sculptor MM Antokolsky kuma m N.E.Lansere. A daidai wannan lokaci shi ya bude tunawa plaque a kan kudancin da kuma arewacin facades daga cikin Haikali, inda suka sassaka sarki kalmomi wa maza kafin da kuma bayan yakin Poltava. Duk da haka, a cikin shekara ta 1938 da wani abin tunawa ga Bitrus da Great dismantled. Shi ne kawai shekaru masu yawa daga baya, a watan Mayu 2003, da shekara da janye daga St. Petersburg sake simintin na zanen da hoisted a wurinsa - a gaban kararrawa hasumiya. Kudi ne kasaftawa ga Museum "St. Ishaku Cathedral."

A ciki ado

Bayan ban sha'awa iconography kiyaye murals Haikalin. A mafi m hoto - a cikin babban nave. Yana siffanta Bitrus da Great matsayin lashe Battle of Poltava. Har ila yau ban sha'awa na gani qagaggun "Allah Madaukaki" da "bangaskiya", located a kan gabashin da kuma yammacin ganuwar da refectory. Wadannan zane-zane da nema a mayar da marigayi karni na sha takwas. Har zuwa karshen karni na sha tara, a can za a iya gani da wani ɓaɓɓake daga cikin icon na St. Sampson Cathedral, wanda gidaje guda na tũfa na Ubangiji, wani dutse daga ƙarƙashin ƙafafunsa da sauran kaya daga tsarkaka. Wadannan kayayyakin tarihi da aka sanya a cikin wani azurfa reliquary. A lashe icon na cutar kansa, wanda aka nuna a cikin fuskõkin waɗanda sauran kaya da ake kiyaye a cikin Haikalin.