Distemper a Rasha a farkon karni na 17th: haddasawa, saukarwa, sakamakon

The matsaloli farko na XVII karni, preconditions, da matakai da za a tattauna daga baya - tarihi lokaci, tare da bala'o'i, da zurfin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da kuma jama'a-siyasa crises. A halin da ake ciki wuya a kasar da aka aggravated da Yaren mutanen Poland Yaren mutanen Sweden-baki.

Da matsaloli na 17th karni a Rasha: Sanadin

Crises da aka lalacewa ta hanyar wani yawan abubuwan. A farko matsaloli faru, bisa ga tarihi, saboda ƙarshe na da Rurik daular da kuma gwagwarmaya tsakanin sarauta da iko da kuma boyars. Last yi aikin ɓãtãwa a kiyaye da karfafa siyasa tasiri da kuma kayan haɓɓaka aiki na gargajiya gata. MulkinSa, a akasin haka, kokarin iyakance wadannan iko. Boyars, a Bugu da kari, to ka kau da kai tayi Zemstvo. Da muhimmancin wannan aji da aka kimanta da yawa masu bincike barnatar. Masana tarihi sun nuna cewa, da da'awar da Knights juya a cikin wani kai tsaye gwagwarmaya da tsarist gwamnati. Su rikici ne musamman mummunan tasiri a kan matsayi na sarki. Wannan shi ne abin da ya halitta m asa a kan abin da akwai sabani a Rasha. A farkon karni XVII aka halin ne kawai daga cikin tattalin arziki ra'ayi. Halin da ake ciki a kasar ya wuya sosai. Daga bisani wannan rikicin sun shiga siyasa da kuma matsalolin zamantakewa.

A halin da ake ciki tattalin arziki

Distemper a Rasha a farkon karni na 17th zo daidai da kamfen da aka ci Grozny da Livonian War. Wadannan matakan da ta bukata m sojojin na babban danniya. An musamman mummunan tasiri a kan tattalin arziki da halin da ake ciki na devastation a Veliky Novgorod, da kuma tilasta korar bauta wa mutane. Saboda haka na fara Brewing matsaloli a Rasha. A farkon da 17th karni da aka ma alama ta tartsatsi yunwa. A 1601-1603 hasãra dubban kananan da manyan gonaki.

zaman dar-dar

Distemper a Rasha a farkon karni na 17th aka ƙara rura wutar kin amincewa da data kasance domin talakawa na gudun hijira manoma, matalauta townspeople, 'yan sanda Cossacks da Cossack freemen, babban adadin servicemen. Gabatar oprichnina, a cewar wasu masu bincike, muhimmanci gurgunta da girmamawa da kuma dogara da mutane ga dokar da kuma iko.

Na farko taron

Kamar yadda Smoot suka fara samar a Rasha? A farkon da 17th karni, a takaice, ya zo daidai da rearrangement na sojojin a cikin hukuncin da'irori. Munin farko magaji Fedor ba shi da zama dole management basira. Ƙaramin ɗan, Dmitri, shi ne a wancan lokaci har yanzu wani jariri. Bayan rasuwar daga magãdan Rurik daular yanke takaice. Don iko kusata boyar iyalan - Godunovs da Yuriev. A 1598-m ya dauki kursiyin Boris Godunov. A lokaci daga 1601 zuwa 1603. Yana bakararriya. Daskarewa ba su daina har ma a lokacin rani da kuma kaka, a watan Satumba, an yin kankara. A bar su a baya yunwa da'awar game da rabin mutane miliyan. Tikis jama'a suka tafi Moscow, inda suka mika fita burodi da kuma kudi. Amma wadannan matakan kawai ya dada tabarbare da tattalin arziki da matsaloli. A gidan haya ba su iya ciyar da bayinsa da kuma bayi, kuma kore su. Hagu ba tare da abinci da kuma tsari, mutane suka tsunduma a looting da kuma fashi da makami.

Lzhedmitry farko

Distemper a Rasha a farkon karni na 17th zo daidai da yaduwar jita-jita cewa Tsarevich Dmitry da rai. Yana bi da cewa Boris Godunov ya kan kursiyin ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. Ƙãƙalen faɗarsa Dmitrii ya sanar da asalin Adam Wiśniowiecki, Lithuanian yarima. Bayan haka, ya gana da Ezhi Mnishekom, Polish magnate kuma Ragon, papal nuncio. A farkon 1604 Lzhedmitry 1 samu a wani masu sauraro tare da Sarkin Poland. Wani lokaci daga baya da mayaudarin su Katolika. Falsdmitry hakkokin da aka gane da Sarki Sigismund. Monarch yarda da kowa da kowa don samar da taimako ga Rasha Tsar.

Ƙofar Moscow

Arya Dmitry shiga garin a 1605, shekarar da 20th of Yuni. Boyars, jagorancin Belsky fili yarda da abin da Prince of Moscow da rightful magaji. A zamanin mulkinsa, arya Dmitry aka shiryar da Poland da kuma kokarin gudanar da wasu sauye-sauye. Duk da haka, ba dukan dattawan don gane da amincewar da mulkinsa. Kusan nan da nan bayan da isowa daga cikin arya Dmitry, Shuya ya fara yada jita-jita game da sojan gona. A 1606, a tsakiyar May, 'yan adawa na boyars dauki amfani da wasanni na yawan wa Polish adventurers, wanda ya zo Moscow don wani bikin aure Falsdmitry, ta tayar wa Yahuza. A lokacin da ya mayaudarin ya aka kashe. The zuwa ga ikon Shuya, wakiltar Suzdal reshe na Rurik, a kwantar da hankula a cikin gwamnati ya ba kawo. A kudancin m tawaye Bolotnikov, wanda ya ba da motsi "ɓarãyi ba." Events 1606-1607 biennium. ya bayyana RG Skrynnikov. "Rasha a farkon karni na 17th Smoot." - wani littafi cewa ya halitta a kan tushen da babban adadin shirin gaskiya abu.

Arya Dmitry II

Duk da haka, kasar har yanzu jita-jita game da banmamaki ceto na istinbadi yarima. A 1607, a lokacin rani, Starodub, wani sabon ƙãƙalen faɗarsa. Distemper a Rasha a farkon karni na 17th ci gaba. By karshen 1608 Lzhedmitry 2 ya sanya yaduwar da tasiri a Yaroslavl, Pereslavl-Zaleski, Vologda, Galich, Uglich, Kostroma, Vladimir. Ƙãƙalen faɗarsa zauna a kauyen Tushino. Mun kasance da aminci ga babban birnin Kazan, Novgorod, Smolensk, Kolomna, Novgorod, Pereslavl-Ryazan.

Semiboyarshina

Daya daga cikin key events cewa alama da matsaloli a Rasha a farkon 17th karni, ya zama a juyin juya halin. Shuya ya a ikon da aka cire. A management board na kasar tsaya bakwai boyars - Semiboyarshina. Kamar yadda Rasha Tsar , suka gane Vsevolod, da Yaren mutanen Poland Prince. The yawan birane da yawa rantse Falsdmitry 2. Daga cikin su sun kasance waɗanda suka kwanan nan saɓa wa ƙãƙalen faɗarsa. A hakikanin barazana na arya Dmitry II tilasta majalisa to bari da boyars a Moscow da Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian sojojin. Yana da aka zaci cewa za su iya kifar da mayaudarin. Duk da haka, na ƙarya Dmitry aka yi musu gargaɗi game da shi, kuma da sauri bar sansanin.

mayakan

Distemper a Rasha a farkon karni na 17th ci gaba. Yana fara da National Liberation Movement. Yana da gudummawar da samuwar masu dauke da makamai. A farko umurnin a bafadan na Lyapunov Ryazan. Ya aka goyan bayan da magoya bayan arya Dmitry II. Daga cikinsu akwai sarakuna Shakhovskoy, Troubetzkoy, Masalskaya, Cherkassy da sauransu. A gefe na masu dauke da makamai da kuma shi ne ma Cossack freemen, wanda shugaban ya Ataman Zarutsky. Na biyu motsi fara karkashin jagorancin Kuzma Minin. Ya aka gayyace a matsayin shugaban Pozharsky. A 1612, a cikin bazara, kusa Moscow zai zama na farko mayakan rantsuwa amincewa ga arya Dmitry uku. The sojojin na Minin da Pozharsky sami ikon yin magana a cikin babban birnin kasar, yayin da magoya bayan gudanar sway akwai mayaudarin. A wannan batun, sun sanya su sansanin Yaroslavl. A watan Agusta, da mayakan sa kai suka zo Moscow. A jerin fadace-fadace ya aka saki da Kremlin, da Yaren mutanen Poland sojojin mamaye shi capitulated. Bayan wani lokaci, wani sabon sarki aka zaba. Suka zama Mikhail Fedorovich.

effects

Kwatanta matsaloli a Rasha a farkon karni na 17th ga ta hallakaswa ikon da zurfin da rikicin a kasar, za ka iya yiwuwa kawai tare da jihar na kasar a cikin lokaci na Mongol mamayewa. Wannan mummunan lokaci a cikin rayuwarku ta jihar ƙare a babbar yankin asarar da, tattalin arziki ƙi. Great matsaloli farko na 17th karni, ta yi ikirarin m rayuwarsu. Yana da aka hallaka birane da yawa, arable asashe da kuma kauyuka. The yawan ne har yanzu quite lokaci mai tsawo a warke to baya matakan. Birane da yawa sun shũɗe a hannun makiya, ya kuma kasance a hannuwansu 'yan shekarun da suka gabata more. Rage fannin horar da ƙasar.