Dmitrov ain Factory: tarihi, al'ada da wayewar

A cikin rayuwar yau da kullum na Rasha ain da aka gabatar regal hannun Peter I. ar ashin sarautarsa, da jita-jita da aka shigo da daga Turai, akwai irin wannan yardar da aka sani kawai arziki mutane. A kadan daga baya, ain sets da aka gabatar a matsayin mai muhimmanci da kyauta. Bayan china, mafi muhimmanci da suka Turai brands (Sevres, Meysensy) don su saya da aka shafe babbar yawa kudi, da cewa ya kaucewa m. A 1744 Empress Elizabeth umurce su da su gina wata "ain Manufactory" kusa St. Petersburg, kamar yadda wannan zamanin na Rasha ain. Dmitrov ain Factory sanya tarihi a matsayin na farko da masu zaman kansu da ma'aikata.

Franz Gardner da kuma shigo da canzawa

Na dogon lokaci da ain samarwa ne kawai a jihar iko, amma akwai da yaushe mai zaman kansa mai shi wanda yake so ya gasa idan ba ka, to, kuyi kamfanin sarki Enterprises. A 1766 da Banasare Frants Yakovlevich Gardner, a kan tushen da data kasance Urusova factory bude da kansa shuka. A mafi muhimmanci aiki ga wani dan kasuwa ya kasance cikin so yin gasa da Turai misali na ain, da kuma fitar da su daga kasuwar, ya maye gurbin m ingancin kayayyakin. Da yake jawabi a zamani rhetoric, da ya yanke shawarar "importozamestit" Turai da kayayyaki da kuma yunkurin da ya yi nasara.

Domin kungiyar na kasuwanci da fari bukata raw kayan, da kuma Gardner, ya yi rangadin kusan dukan ƙasar, sami wani lãka ajiya a Chernihiv (Little Rasha). Don yin promashek kuma ba harkokin cikin dabaran, kuma ya kusantar da al'amarin gwani - Franz Gattenberga (University of Geneva farfesa). Kuma shi ya tafi haka da cewa daga 1777 zuwa 1783 a factory aka saki hudu samu lambar ga sabis na Empress Catherine II da aka gabatar mata. The kwarewa ya da wani rabo, mai shi daga cikin ma'aikata ziyarci da mafi masu sauraro a fādar, bayan da ya aka kowa na da hakkin ya sa hatimi da image na gashi na makamai na Moscow, wanda ya kama da ingancin mark.

nasara kasuwa

Franz Gardner, tare da yanki kaya, ya kaddamar da taro samar na ain tableware. A farko ma'aikata aka kõma daga Turai masana da kuma fasaha, da lambar shahara Meissen. Rasha ain ne ba yawa daban-daban daga Turai a inganci da m yi, amma farashin da aka fi araha.

Rasha sosai mai daraja kayayyakin factory da kuma farin ciki saya duk waɗanda suka iya iya samun Turai masana'antun. A 1771, game da saba'in da ma'aikatan da aka aiki a masana'antu, da yawan ya ninka a cikin shekaru 10. All jobs aka shagaltar da Rasha masana, kawai manajan wani artist kuma an sallame su daga kasashen waje.

Franz Gardner ya iya samun kansa style a samar da ain, yawan samfurori da simintin gyaran kafa a cikin daruruwan. Bugu da kari ga jita-jita a nan da aka zuba da kuma fentin ain salon musamman sculptures, da mawallafa na wanda aka sanannun artists.

A Kuznetsovsk al'umma

Bayan kafa ta mutuwa, Dmitrov ain factory aka dauke da mafi kyau ga dukkan masu zaman kansu Rasha masana'antu. A hali da aka dauka a kan su magãda: wani gajeren lokaci a gabãnin mutuwarsa, kamfanin da aka tsunduma a cikin ɗan fari na kafa, kuma sai matarsa. A hannun ta da factory ya rasa kusan duk da matsayi, amma bayan da hali ya ɗauki ta yara, da samar da aka farfado. Yana da aka ƙware masana'antu fasahar earthenware. A 1829, zinariya samar da ya samu da farko Industrial Exhibition. A 1855 ya samu dama zuwa tsirar kayayyakin saka a kan jama'a stigma na biyu-gangarawa mikiya.

A dukkan zama daya daga cikin masu kaya zuwa fadar kotu na karni na 19th Dmitrov ain Factory tabbatar da ingancin kayayyakin a cinikin nuna, tun 1856. A karshen karni na magada sayar da kamfanin Matvey Kuznetsov. Ya samu ba kawai samar da wuraren amma kuma wata babbar tarin duk siffofi, alamu da classic garderovskih zane.

Kuznetsovsky lokaci

Dmitrov ain Factory (Verbilki) samu magnate Kuznetsova tare da 'yan iri na daukaka, amma tare da daskararrun yawa. By lokacin da saye da factory samar kaya 208 dubu rubles a shekara, da kuma yawan ma'aikata fiye da 700 da rãyukansu. Kuznetsov amfani da dukan gaji dũkiya da wani karni daya da rabi na tarihi, don cikakken Tarurrukan na da daukaka.

Al'amarin ya kumbura abokin ciniki tushe da aka gaba daya kiyaye su, godiya ga m yanke shawarar amfani da guntun makãmashi daga Dmitrov shuka a kan dukkan kayayyakin. A sabon mai ba ya so ya sabunta cikin kewayon kayayyakin da cewa ba gaskiya ba ne. Number of abubuwa na kaya totaled fiye da miliyan 4 raka'a rare jita-jita da kuma figurines. Anniversaries a shuka kiwon saki m tarin. Saboda haka shi aka hatimce 100th ranar tunawa da yakin Borodino, da 300th tunawa da mulkin da Romanovs.

Soviet ain

Bayan nationalization, yi zama a hukumance da aka sani da Dmitrov ain Factory. A post-neman sauyi lokacin fitarwa ki muhimmanci, da kuma cewa wanda aka samar, an tsare ado da decals (decal) ko wakilta farfaganda articles.

Mafi shahara, a 1930, na samu wani sabis Dmitrov ain "Humpbacked doki" da shuka, kazalika da sauran ayyuka da talented sculptor SM Orlov goga A lokacin babban Patriotic War ain saki rage muhimmanci, amma lokacin da aka alama ta haske ayyukansu. sabis "Battle ga Mahaifa, mahaifiyata" (ta A. Chechulina) fito da wani sa na hotunan da babban generals "Suvorov", "Alexander Nevsky", "Kutuzov", ya kafa tare da image na Soviet soja jagorancin awards (auth. Demorrey T.) da aka halicce su.

zamani samarwa

A shekarar 1991 Dimitrov ain factory zama wani hadin gwiwa stock kamfanin, da hukuma sunan: CJSC "ain Verbilok". Tun 1995, da aiki da rassa zuwa 'girbi Verbilok ". Sabon wurin gwamnati, kuma ma'aikata suna aiki Tarurrukan na hadisai dage farawa saukar da kafa da shuka.

A shekarar 1996, kamfanin samu kyaututtuka a duniya nune-nunen a Birmingham, kazalika a Mexico. Tun 2007, da shuka SUPPLiES da kayayyakin da Kremlin a matsayin wani ɓangare na membobinsu a cikin Kungiya na Purveyors. Kamfanin a yanzu ake kira "Gardner Manufactory", amma saboda mutane da yawa fiye da saba tare da tsohon sunan Dmitrov ain factory. Products samar da dama Collectible line.

Tarin "Frants Gardner" rãyar gargajiya siffofin zamanai 19-20 ain. Company Wizard ya aikata daidai da Kwalayen kyauta abubuwa (shayi nau'i-nau'i, sets, figurines). Har ila yau, akwai a cikin iyali jita-jita a kan wanda artists rubuta iyali crests, monogram ko zaba juna. Kamfanin samar sets don daban-daban dalilai, shayi da kuma kofi nau'i-nau'i, ga 'ya'yan itãcen, vases, yara sets.