Dynamic selection - microevolution a alƙarya da kwayoyin

Zabin yanayi ne ko da yaushe babban factor a canji na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Ya abubuwa da wannan inji - tsira da riƙe da karfi zũriyarmu, watau, fittest. Duk da haka, dangane da ingancinta, shugabanci, musamman cikin yanayi na zama na kwayoyin - nau'i na zabin yanayi na iya zama daban-daban. Saboda haka, daya daga cikin misalansa shi ne da tsauri selection (directional), wanda shi ne mai mayar da martani ga canje-canje a cikin yanayi da kuma taimaka wa wani motsi na nufin alama ko dukiya. Domin gwada yawa halaye talakawan darajar ne ilmin lissafi nufin darajar, misali - da talakawan yawan samar zuriyarsa. A bayanin da ingantaccen Properties m mita (yawan) na samfurori da wani zama dole alama, misali - da mita da kuma hornless horned shanu.

Analysis daga cikin wadannan kaddarorin ba wani nuni da canje-canje da suka fito a cikin yawan saboda da karbuwa ga canza muhalli da yanayi. A wannan tsauri selection iya taimakawa wajen duka biyu karfafa da kuma raunana canza kaddarorin da kwayoyin. An misali na riba halayyar iya zama abin da ake kira Bakaken kwari. View malam ikonsa ya asu a ba-masana'antu yankunan ya haske a canza launin Sikeli rufe jiki da kuma fuka-fuki, kuma a yankunan da manyan yawan masana'antu na launi jũya baki. Ana zargin 'ya'yan fari mãsu m gare su, su kala saboda gaskiyar cewa cutarwa masana'antu watsi, sun ɓatar da mutuwa na lichens cewa ya rayu a kan haushi bishiyoyi da kuma malam bauta a matsayin matabbata (m saka launi). Launi Canza Sikeli inganta chances na rayuwa malam. A wannan yanayin, shi ne ya haddasa abin da ake kira selection sharudda - adana da kuma gabatarwa da wani sabon nau'in na malam cewa a cikin Canje-canjen halaye ne iya ci gaba da tseren, cewa shi ne, haihu.

An misali na attenuation halayyar ne asara ko rage daga cikin jiki da kuma sassa a Saboda gaskiya cewa ba ya kai wa aikin load - fikafikan wani jimina (ba tashi), babu wata gabar jiki a macizai.

Dynamic selection dogara ne a kan wucin gadi. Kamar wancan ne mutum zabi mutane bisa ga wasu sigogi (phenotype), qara mita wannan dukiya. Empirically tabbatar da cewa wannan zabi da alãmarsu take kaiwa zuwa wasu canje-canje a genotype, kuma tsammãninsu, da asarar wasu alleles. Akwai wasu siffofin na wucin gadi selection - sume da methodical. Lokacin amfani da wani zabin da sume mutum, kamar yadda lamirinsu zaɓa hanya mafi kyau. A sakamakon irin wannan samfurin ne da ya faru na sabon breeds da iri da halayyar ga wani musamman yankin. Methodological manufa amfani a selection, don samar da sabon nau'in na shuke-shuke da dabbobi saba da takamaiman girma yanayi da kuma masauki (sanyi-resistant jinsunan ratseny).

Saboda haka, tsauri selection - shi ne wani nau'i na zabin yanayi, da sakamakon wanda ya bayyanar da wani sabon saba jinsin kwayoyin wanda zai iya tsira da kuma ci gaba da iyali a sauya yanayi.