Fodder ciyawa: description

Dabbobi - daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci rassan aikin noma. Babban maƙasudin ne don tabbatar da giant (a kan duniya sikelin) dabbobin gida ciyar. Ba kalla rawa a warware wannan matsala play fodder hatsi. Iri-iri, da sinadirai masu darajar, unpretentious shuke-shuke taimake mu jimre wa wannan batun.

hatsi

ciyawa iyali yana da kusan ɗari bakwai da sittin danginsu da kuma fiye da goma sha daya da rabi dubu jinsunan. Bã su da daban-daban amfani:

• abinci (alkama, hatsin rai, da sauransu).
• forage (Timothawus, gõnaki ciyawa , da dai sauransu)
• amfani da wani gini abu (bamboo).
• papermaking (Papyrus).
• a matsayin Hanyar magance ƙasa yashewa (karfi tushen tsarin sa ya yiwu a gyara rairayi).
• Lawn (inda ake bukata jure tattakewa).
• ado (yafi na ado na sararin lawns ko Parks).

Hatsi iya aiki a matsayin weeds. Su infest amfanin gona, da gonaki, Downing sauran horar da shuke-shuke. A shahararren wakilin wata shimfiɗa. Ko da yake wannan ganye ne sau da yawa mowed ga hay, kuma an yi amfani da ko'ina a doki kiwo.

A gaskiya, fodder shuka ciyawa - wannan ciyawa na iyali na hatsi, wanda ake amfani da matsayin abinci gona da dabbobi. Wannan na iya zama hay, kore miya, makiyaya, silage ko hatsi.

Suna yada a fadin duniya, girma daidai a dukkan nahiyoyi, ciki har da Antarctica. Wannan ɗan ƙasa da ake kira Antarctic gashi ciyawa, ko Deschampsia Antarctica, kuma aka jera - shekara-shekara bluegrass. A Rasha, a karkashin hatsi da amfanin gona shagaltar game da 30% na ita. Yadu amfani halitta da kuma horar da makiyaya.

Yana da wuya a overestimate muhimmancin hatsi. Su ne tushen m, na gina jiki feed ga dukkan dabbobi jinsunan. Ba shi yiwuwa su haifar da wani abin dogara abinci na rashi ko karancin halitta grasslands da makiyaya, ba tare da yin amfani da shuka fodder ciyawa. A agronomy amfani da su ikon canza sinadaran abun da ke ciki na kasar gona, enriching shi da kuma kara yawan amfanin ƙasa na m amfanin gona.

jinsunan ciyawa

A iyali na feed hatsi wakilta wani babban yawan shuke-shuke. Suna da dama sukayi fassara:

• Rayuwa Hasashen:

- annuals.

- dogon lokaci.

• da irin tillering:

- rhizome.

- ryhlokustovye.

- plotnokustovye.

• Height da ciyawa:

- doki.

- poluverhovye.

- da ungiyoyin.

• da raya hankali:

- al'adu;

- daji.

Description of hatsi:

• Kara. Kira culm, yawanci m, tsaga nodes. Amma, taushi nama neodrevesnevevshaya, amma akwai ma itace-kamar siffar - bamboo. Ya ke tsiro da sauri, za a iya isa wani tsawo na mita 30.
• Harbe. Iya zama vegetative da generative. Sashe Inflorescence zone ko a tillering.
• Ganye. Kunci, yawanci ba tare da kara sessile, farji ba rufe. Tashi daga kowane kumburi da daya, daya bayan daya. Shirya a biyu m layuka a kan tushe.
• Asalinsu. fibrous tsarin yadda ya kamata garwaya da accumulates da ruwa da kuma gina jiki.
• Inflorescence. Akwai da dama iri: hure, kunnuwa, kunnuwa, tassels, plumes (karu hure). Total Inflorescence kunshi dama furanni.
• Flowers. Yawancin lokaci hermaphroditic (dauke da pistil da stamens), inconspicuous, kananan, babu perianth bayyane. Kai- ko iska-pollinated.
• Fruit. Kira weevil (colloquially - hatsi), pericarp wuya gaßoßi daga zuriya, kwai - Single Jack (daya ovule ne guda rami).

Vegetative haifuwa ya auku, tsaba ko ta amfani da rhizomes.

perennial

Perennial forage ciyawa ta tsiro a halitta makiyaya da kuma hayfields, a yi amfani da gaurayawan. Wakilai bushiya, ryegrass, Timothawus, brome, beardless, foxtail da sauransu. Yana iya samu nasarar girma da kuma samar da amfanin gona, a kan da dama yanayi. shi ne da yawan shekaru:

• longevity na kananan - 2-3 shekaru.
• talakawan longevity - 4-5 shekaru.
• dogon-tsaye - fiye da shekaru 5.

All perennial forage ciyawa giciye-pollinating. Wind pollination faruwa a cikin safe hours. Domin ciyawa hankula ne osypaemost tsaba.

Annuals

Shekara-shekara forage ciyawa rayuwa shekara guda. A wakilan wannan rukuni na shuke-shuke sun hada da tsoro, masara, Sudan ciyawa, shekara-shekara ryegrass, lu'u-lu'u da gero, dawa, hatsi da sauransu.

Su sukan sown a cikin abun da ke ciki garwayayye, kamar dawa da na silage girbi. Sudan ciyawa ba mai kyau yawan amfanin ƙasa na hay da wani babban gina jiki da abun ciki. Tsoro ya tabbatar da kanta a cikin tsarin da kore bel. Yana fara zuwa tsabtace a lokacin ejection na hure, aka ci abinci da duk wani nau'i na noma. dabbobi da tsuntsaye.

daji

Forage ciyawa iya zama daji. Wadannan shuke-shuke suna shiga ko'ina a cikin steppe da gandun daji steppe zones. Su ne daya daga cikin manyan iri abinci, ba kawai don gona da dabbobi, amma kuma ga daji ungulates. Fibrous tushen tsarin dogara rike ƙasa, da kiyaye sararin expanses na steppe a asalin siffan.