Free ayar - abin da yake da shi? Anthology of Rasha vers Libre

A labarin da za a yi la'akari da wannan a matsayin free ayar. Mene ne shi, abin da suke da halaye, tarihi da kuma bambance-bambance daga m siffofi - duk wannan za a tattauna. Mun fara da definition.

Features free ayar

Rasha free ayar - wani sabon abu da ya haifar da wani yawa na muhawara. Literary sukar da kasida debating game da inda akwai wani free ayar da cewa shi ne abin da ya "shekaru" ... Akwai ma wani da muhawara game da ko yin amfani da wannan sosai lokaci ne ya dace. Duk da haka, a kimiyyar zamani, da dogaro a kan aikin na masana kimiyya 1910-1920 shekaru, yafi Tynyanov (ya hoto da aka nuna a kasa), akwai wani fairly share-yanke tsarin kula da fahimtar abin da free aya a cikin wallafe-wallafe.

Wannan musamman irin shayari, wanda aka halin da m kin amincewa da duk wani irin wata "sakandare siffofin" halayyar poetic magana: da syllabic mita, rhyme, izosillabizma, isotonicity da kuma na yau da kullum stanzas. Babu alamun data taimaka mana domin sanin free ayar. Mene ne shi, za ka fi gane ta hanyar kwatanta da m siffofin, wanda aka gabatar a karshen.

Ana zargin free ayar

Free aya, don haka gane, zai bayyana ne kawai a cikin kasar, inda na kasa kashi tsarin da aka ɓullo da wani babban mataki. Wadanda suke a cikin karni na 19th, Faransa da kuma Jamus ayar, da kuma a farkon na gaba - da Turanci da Rashanci. Lokacin da kama preliterate siffofin aya, mafi yawa molitvoslovnogo, da yau free aya, daya dole ne yarda da cewa shi ne quite bambancin mamaki a tarihi sharuddan. Almara, na baka "predverlibr" ya bayyana a hadisin, "ba free" aya a cikin kasar. Wannan hadisin ya sarrafa domin karnuka uku. A zamani kafa daga "predverlibra". Ya bayyana ta phasing fitar da mawallafa na waɗanda ko wasu waje ãyõyin ayar a matsayin kasancewa ba dole ga kasida kansu, kuma ga masu karatu suka suna samun mafi nagartaccen.

Ya kamata a ce cewa "kama" zuwa free ayar mutum ayyuka a cikin 19th har ma da 18th karni, a samu a cikin kasa shayari. A. Sumarokov (ya hoto ne da aka sama), misali, a 1747 aka buga 19 texts ya halicci littafin, inda suka sanya transcriptions daga cikin Zabura. Subtitles, wanda aka sanye take da wadannan takardu, da wadannan: "kawai a matsayin Hebrew". Su nemi zamani bincike ne quite cikakken fledged free ayar.

Rasha free aya a cikin karni na 19th

Mutane da yawa waqe ba tare da mita, rhyme da sauran gargajiya halayen samu a cikin kasida daga cikin karni na 19th, wanda ya fassara da Faransa ko Jamus mawallafa da kuma yardar kaina kamantuwa da su, a cikin wani iri hali na cewa zamanin. Daga cikin wadannan marubuta za a iya gano ta Ivan Turgenev, AA su ɗauko, Mikhailova. A karshe, Nikolay Yazykov (ya hoto ne da aka sama) a cikin 1840, a cikin comic waka da ake kira "Lokacin amfani Parnassian ubangijina ..." za'ayi da gwaji, wanda ya zama Popular a matsayin masu yada free ayar, da kuma (musamman) abokan adawar 20 karni. Nikolay Yazykov rubuce a cikin nau'i na rhymed litattafan awo bangare na sakon nasa, da kuma a cikin "shafi" - wanda wannan shi ne bã tãre da siffofin muhimmi a cikin ayar, wato, ya kasance mai free ayar (abin da shi ne, ka riga ya san). Wadannan misalai, da kuma wasu so, duk da haka, abu daya da na kowa. Sergey Kormilov, ta zamani, stihoved, ya miƙa kiran ta marginality. A gaskiya wannan shayari (free aya) ne wani nau'i ne na "a kan ribace-ribace" na adabi - fassarorin, parodies, transcriptions, m waqe.

A ci gaba da Rasha free aya a cikin karni na 20th

Ta gabatar kuma ya shafi na farko gwaninta na free ayar na karshe karni. A M. Kuzmin, suka K. Balmont da Bryusov bayyana, yafi a cikin nau'i na free imitations na waje kasida. Kuma a wannan Kuzmin, kazalika a L. Semyonov da Dobrolyubov - a cikin wani nau'i na kai tsaye kwaikwayo na ruhaniya jama'a ayar. Game da Roerich, ya free ayar - wannan waka, wanda tara hikimar Gabas. Duk da haka, a lokaci guda a cikin kasar nan, kuma da farko samfurori bã tãre da marginality, m vers Libre.

Ya misalai da muka samu a cikin ayyukansu na Gippius, Block, Kamensky, Sologub, torsion, Guro, Khlebnikov ... Ina tsammani shi ya fi sauƙi ga a kira kasida na Azurfa Age, wanda ba ya juya zuwa free ayar fiye da wadanda suka juya zuwa gare shi.

Free ayar da aka haramta

Rasha free aya a cikin 1920-30s. Ya raba al'adar kowa zuwa jam'i na kasa adabi events. Farko da ya sanar da ake kira Orthodox view of proletarian art. Da ɗan baya, a cikin shekaru na "koyo daga litattafansu," ya an ɗauke shi wani samfurin na bazuwar na bourgeois art. Shi ne, a gaskiya, ya sa da free ayar haramta. A mawallafa, wanda a tsakiyar karni ne ban sha'awa da kuma hayayyafa aiki tare da wannan nau'i na shayari (G. Obolduev V. Mazurin, Neldihen S., D. Harms) da aka ketare a cikin wallafe-wallafe.

fi

Kawai a cikin marigayi 1950s - farkon shekarun 1960s, free ayar sake fito daga buya. Duk da haka, ya dawo dade ba: ga alama da za a dauka kashe da hukuma akida ban, amma dandano, da Editorial shamaki (ba m m) ya ci gaba da aiki. Rare wallafe vers Libre Rylenkova N., K. Nekrasov V. Soloukhina V. Buric kokari tare da korau zargi daga gwamnati. Duk da haka, a lokaci guda, ba tare da talla, da ya free ayar buga wannan Masters Rasha shayari kamar yadda I. Selvinsky, Ushakov, Vinokurov, Konstantin Simonov, Boris Slutsky da Dmitry Samoilov L. Ozerov, Voznesensky , Yashin, V. Bokov, A. Shestinsky - mawallafa, da suka shafi cikin fagage daban-daban a wallafe-wallafen kerawa.

"Free ayar Lokaci"

A 1980-1990, akwai zo da wani "lokaci na vers Libre." Wannan lokaci da aka dauka daga wannan waka Tatiana Danilyants, Moscow mawãƙi (hoton sama). A wannan lokaci, ba tare da shayari mita da kuma rhyme ba zato ba tsammani a fara da za a buga a duk jaridu da mujallu, anthologies da kuma tarin na hakkin mallaka. Kuma a yanzu, wani sabon rikici a kan m vers Libre. Wadanda suka rubuta musu da dama da suka gabata, yarda don yin yaki domin "tsarki na salo." Suka fara yi aiki a kan daban-daban polymetric matasan siffofin da ainihin free ayar (warware matsalar al'amarin) shi ne m zuwa awo, rhyming da sauran "mai tsanani" siffofin.

Bambantawa na "free aya" da "free ayar"

Authors mika wani sabon kalaman, wanda ba ya yi fuskanci nauyi latsa, a karkashin wanda karkiya balaga dubi wajen bushe da laconic free ayar V. Kupriyanov, A. Mets, V. Buric, a akasin haka, shi ake bukata don kira free polymetric form. Suna da gaskiya ya yi ĩmãni (daga ra'ayi na kowa hankali, ba shakka, ba da terminology), cewa wani ƙuntatawa na 'yanci, ciki har da muhimman hakkokin kin amincewa da ayar halaye al'ada dauka - shi ne wani' yanci. Kamar haka ya tashi da bambanci tsakanin "free aya" da "free aya," wanda gaba daya rikita batun a matsayin mawallafa na aiki, da kuma masu karatu. A gaskiya, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, a cikin kimiyya da ayar yau, akwai wani m tsarin na kyama. A ta free ayar (vers Libre) - rijiya-tsare da wallafe-wallafen sabon abu. Amma da kafuwa, polymetric, matasan da kuma sauran irin wannan siffofin, domin suna da nasu, suna kuma quite m da kuma takamaiman sunayen. Mafi yawa daga cikin kasida, duk da haka, ta fahimci cewa. Mafi yawa daga cikin tattaunawa gudanar da talla da kuma sauran karin-wallafe-wallafen dalilai.

Ayyukan K. Dzhangirov

"Anthology of Rasha vers Libre" - wani sananne tarin, harhada Karenom Dzhangirovym. Sai aka buga a shekarar 1991. Wannan tarin hada da free ayar na zamani Rasha kasida. Shi ne sananne ga cewa daya daga cikin na farko na irin. Af, Karen Dzhangirov dauke da wani Maestro na Rasha free ayar. A shekarar 1980 ya canza matsayin da wannan nau'i na shayari a kasar mu, to democratize shi don ya yi samuwa ga duka mawallafa da kuma masu karatu.

Da sauran siffofin free ayar

Saboda haka, an yi imani da cewa free ayar - a wallafe-wallafen lokaci, wanda shi ne halin da wadannan siffofin: shi yana da ba rhyme kuma size, kuma ta layuka aka shirya tare da tsawon. Duk da haka, domin ayyana mafi daidai, da wadannan Concepts ya kamata a raba: blank aya, free aya, yankakken litattafan, shayari in litattafan.

yankakken litattafan

Ko ta yaya, an yi imani da cewa idan da batun dada rubutu a litattafan a cikin nau'i na fragmentary Lines, ka samu free ayar. Wannan shi ne saboda daga wani m ra'ayi. Duk da haka, yana da muhimmanci, kuma wani abu da za a iya variously kasu kashi layuka daya da kuma guda nassi na litattafan. Irin wannan ne "yankakken litattafan" ne sau da yawa gabatar a matsayin free ayar. Misalan kasidu, ko da free, duk da haka daban-daban daga litattafan, ko na karshe da rubutu iya zama quite melodic. Duk da haka, ya ba free ayar, domin ayar layi ba ya bayyana a kan aiwatar da bazuwar.

Poems a litattafan

Poems a litattafan (babu rhyme) - kusan guda yankakken litattafan, amma mafi lyrical. An halin melodious, arziki intonations. Ya ƙunshi harmonies, rhythmic abubuwa. Ba tare da layin karya wannan waka ya kamata a bayar. Free aya a wannan batun daidai da siffar da mu. Stanzas waqe-waqe a litattafan ne a ci gaba da rubutu. Yana da quite mai kyau poetic na'urar, amma domin kwanan wata. Poets masoya a zamanin yau sau da yawa koma ga shi zuwa boye flaws - fasaha ko na ginin jumla.

blank ayar

Free ayar da za a bambanta daga blank aya, wanda shi ne ma a irin bezrifmennogo versification. Duk da haka, ya kamata ta kasance ba kari kuma size, a cikin wannan jeri. Text halitta a cikin stanza. Rashin rhyme ne kawai na zato. A zahiri, wannan shi ne quite wani sauki zamba, amma yana ne shayari, a cikin abin da akwai "sublimated ji." A blank ayar nau'i na dukan zamanin d shayari aka gina a matsayin al'ada rhyming shayari a lokacin ya ba tukuna dauka siffar. Yau, blank ayar mafi sau da yawa stylized jama'a almara. Rhyme da aka yi watsi da gangan.

Saboda haka, free ayar - a wallafe-wallafen lokaci cewa ya kamata a bambanta daga related matsalolin. Shi ne synonymous tare da Kalmar "free aya."