Topic: "Don me flowering shuke-shuke hadi kira biyu" karatu a cikin shida sa. Duk da haka, ba kowane adult iya bayyana intricacies na aiwatar.
Shuke-shuke, kamar dukan abubuwa masu rai haifa, ta amfani uku main hanyoyi. Na farko shi ne a vegetatively, wato, sabon shuka zo daga wani ɓangare na da "iyaye" - tushen, kara, ganye, ko da guda cell. A na biyu da aka kira asexual, saboda shuke-shuke fito daga shawarwari da kuma masu kama da iyaye. Saboda haka ninka fungi da kuma wasu algae. A mafi m ne hadi na shuke-shuke jima'i hanya.
A shuka mulki, wannan tsari ya auku da Fusion na gametes cewa zai iya zama m, a size (isogamy), daban-daban masu girma dabam (heterogamy) da kuma fundamentally daban-daban daga juna (oogamy). Za mu iya cewa hadi - wani tsari dangane namiji (maniyyi), kuma mace (kwai) gametes, sakamakon samuwar tantanin halitta da biyu kafa chromosomes (da zygote), kuma daga wanda zai zama wani sabon shuka.
Me hadi a cikin flowering shuke-shuke kira biyu? A nan akwai na musamman haihuwa gabobin - flower. Its bangaren sassa su ne a stamen filaments da anther (dauke da pollen), kwai, shafi, pistil (stigma c), pollen tube, wanda ya zo da tayi jakar kwai inda ovule. Hakika da makaranta na ilmin halitta, da yawa tuna da wani abu game da pistil da stamen kuma iya tunanin cewa dalilin da ya sa da hadi na flowering shuke-shuke kira biyu. Amma wannan ba shine al'amarin ba.
A anther, kamar yadda aka ambata riga, shi ne kafa pollen, wanda kunshi biyu Kwayoyin - manyan vegetative da kuma karami a size, generative. Lokacin da anther bayyana, wadannan abubuwa suna yada ta iska ko kwari. Da zarar kan pistil (stigma kai tsaye a kan) pollen Kwayoyin germinate haka cewa vegetative part zama pollen tube a haɗe zuwa tayi jakar kwai. Ta hanyar ta generative cell shiga cikin jakar, wanda a cikin shakka daga ta shigar azzakari cikin farji ne zuwa kashi biyu maniyyi. Daya daga cikin su ya kai cikin kwai, Yanã shigar da shi ta samar da wata zygote, da kuma na biyu an haɗa da sakandare tsakiya. Wannan tsari shi ne dalilin da ya sa aka kira biyu hadi a cikin flowering shuke-shuke.
Wasu zamani shuke-shuke nasarar hada hanyoyi daban-daban na haifuwa, wanda qara rayuwa kudi na jinsin. Kuma a lokacin da wannan tsari ne kawai haife, wannan hanya na haifuwa ya kasance da muhimmanci sosai, tsarin juyin halitta. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa jiki halitta da cell Fusion tare da daban-daban sets na chromosomes mallaki mafi girma canzawa da adaptability zuwa yanayi. Modern physico-sinadaran karatu sun nuna yadda jima'i haifuwa na da shuka hadaddun a yanayi. Alal misali, an gano cewa, pollen da stigma ne na daban-daban PH, bangarori daban-daban na gina jiki isoelectric maki, daban-daban enzyme da kuma amino acid abun da ke ciki, wanda, duk da haka, na inganta mafi kyau duka physiological matakai zuba a lokacin da a haɗa da waɗannan Kwayoyin.