Gina wani tashar a Nicaragua. Menene Rasha ke shiga cikin ginin?

Ginin canal a Nicaragua wani nau'i ne na madadin hanyoyin ruwa na Panama wanda ya hada da Atlantic da Pacific. Tunanin karuwar gine-gine biyu na farko ya bayyana a karni na 16, kuma ainihin aikinsa ya fara ne a cikin karni na karshe a yankin Isthmus na Panama. Don gina, an zaɓi yanki mafi ƙasƙanci na ƙasar, wanda aka gina ta hanyar ruwa. Yayin da aka gina, an yi amfani da tsarin kulle rikitarwa, wanda ke dauke da manyan jirgi zuwa mita 26 a saman teku. Gina wani canal a Nicaragua hukuma kaddamar a watan Disamba 2014, da kuma lokacin da aikin da aka kiyasta a shekaru goma.

Channel Nicaraguan a Tarihi

Tattaunawa, wanda ya zama farkon aikin gina gine-gine a duniya, an fara mayar da hankali a kan tsari na ruwa a Nicaragua. An hana ra'ayin da gaskiyar cewa iyakar Panama isthmus yana da sau 4 a cikin yankin arewa maso gabashin San Juan del Norte, inda an shirya shi don hawa jirgin daga babban babban kandami zuwa wani. Tsarin aikin shine cewa babu tsaunuka da manyan duwatsu a kan shafin Nicaraguan. River St. John, wanda yake a baya cike da fadace fadace a baya gaba daya kerata da Amirkawa da kuma daina hani ga gina, a akasin haka, tare da shi.

Tattaunawar tattalin arziki na tashar

Canal na Mežokean a Nicaragua yana da sha'awar karni na 19, lokacin da Louis Napoleon ya bayyana cikakken tsarinsa. Da ra'ayin Amurkawa suka samo ra'ayin, sai Faransanci ya yi watsi da ra'ayin, wanda yake da iko saboda Suez Canal. Tasirin Faransa bai gaza ba. A nan mun damu da kusantar da hankali ga gaskiyar cewa a cikin hanyoyi guda biyu na tashar jiragen ruwa an dauke su, a cikin binciken ƙarshe, a shekara ta 1914, hanyar Panama Sea Route ta bayyana. Misalinsa - Canal na Nicaraguan ya fara gina ne kawai a karshen shekarar 2014. Harkokin tattalin arziki na karshen shi ne cewa dan uwansa yana rawar jiki.

Hanyoyin kasuwancin ke karuwa sosai. An tsara aikin don ceto. Tsarin canal a Nicaragua zai rage raguwa tsakanin yankunan tattalin arziki da dama, musamman ma tsakanin New York da San Francisco, hanyar za ta rage ta kilomita 800. A 2006, Enrique Bolaños, shugaban kasar Nicaragua a lokacin, ya ce a taron kolin cewa jihohin kasar ya shirye don kammala aikin.

Rashin jirgin ya motsa

Babban tashar Nicaragua na shekaru da yawa bai kasance ba fãce maganganun kawai. Sai kawai a shekarar 2012, gwamnati na kasashe sun fara aiwatar da ayyuka na wannan hanya. A watan Yuli na shekarar 2012, wata kwangila da aka sanya hannu ga ci gaban fasaha da kuma tattalin arziki yiwuwa na yi tare da farashin 720 dala dubu. Tuni a watan Satumbar 2012, an sanya takardar yarjejeniyar a yankin Hongkong, yana nuna yiwuwar ginawa da kuma ƙayyade tattalin arziki, muhalli da fasaha. Gudanar da aikin ne aka ƙaddara ta hanyar masu zuba jari daga sassa daban-daban na duniya. A halin yanzu, Sin ta kasance babban mai bada tallafin ra'ayin. Channel Channel Nicaraguan ya zama tushen tushen samar da ayyuka masu yawa ba kawai ga mazaunan jihar ba, har ma ga yawan mutanen da ke sauran kasashen Amurka ta tsakiya.

Me ya sa aka aiwatar da wannan aikin a shekaru da yawa da suka wuce?

Ƙaddamar da aikin ginin shekara-shekara yana haifar da ci gaban duniya na tsarin cinikayya na teku. Idan ba ku fadada haɗin sadarwa na ruwa ba, bayan shekaru 15 za'a sami matsala tare da sufuri ta hanyar Panama Canal. Masana sunyi tsammanin cewa ta hanyar 2030, zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa zai karu ba tare da kasa da 240% ba. A watan Yunin 2013, Nicaragua ya karbi lissafin, bisa ga abin da aka baiwa kamfanin HKND Group. Ita ne wanda zai aiwatar da ra'ayin a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa. Tun da canja wurin da dama na ganin na aikin da kuma kudi al'amurran da suka shafi da aka yi niyyar zartarwa kafin karshen 2014.

Difficulties ci karo

An fara gina ginin a Nicaragua bayan warware matsala mai yawa da kuma magance matsalolin da yawa. Dukkan tarihin ci gaba da aikin da aka yi a kansa shi ne yaki na PR mai ƙarfi a yankin Amurka. Abu ne mai matukar wuya a faɗi abin da ya sa irin wannan hali da fushi ya kasance mai girma, amma yana da daraja lura da wasu maki. Wanda ya mallaki kamfanin da aka ba da izinin shi ne ya ba da labari akai-akai. An zargi Wang Jing da rashin cancantarsa. Rahoton ya yadu cewa yaduwar canal a Nicaragua ba zai kawo wadata ba. Gaskiya game da raguwa a cikin girma na sufurin jiragen ruwa ya bayyana a fili. Har ma kungiyoyi masu muhalli da aka sani sun shiga cikin shirin PR. Babu wani tsokanar lokacin da ya ci nasara, kuma aikin ya fara ne ranar 22 ga watan Disamba, 2014.

Bukatun kasashe na duniya

Aikin da ake ginawa a kasar Nicaragua yana tallafawa gagarumin tsari ta kasar Sin, tun da yake abin da ke cikin jihar yana da muhimmancin gaske. Wannan shi ne saboda bukatun bukatun man fetur da wasu kayayyaki daga Kudancin Amirka. Domin tattalin arzikin kasar Sin, ƙaddamar da tashar zai zama babban nasara. Ga ƙasashe da dama, aikin zai bude babban burin ci gaba. Shugaba na kasar ya kara da cewa, sabon aikin tashoshi a Nicaragua zai kasance tare da haɓaka a GDP a kowace lardin har sai jihar ta kasance daya daga cikin masu arziki a duniya. Amma ga Rasha, gwamnatinta tana ganin aikin ne a matsayin wata hanya mai sauƙi daga Pacific zuwa Atlantic, amma ba haka ba.

Matsayin Rasha a cikin ginin tashar

Da farko kallo, Rasha ba ta da sha'awar tashar kanta. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, don kasar nan bai zama ba fãce wani zaɓi. A daya hannun, tallafawa domin gina jihar za ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin harkokin siyasa Sphere. Bayan dauki kashi a cikin aiwatar da ra'ayoyin, Rasha ya tabbatar da sadaukar da wani multipolar duniya, wanda aka rufe da monopolization da fuska biyu. A cikin watan Nuwamba 2013, gwamnati ta gayyaci Rasha ta shiga da zuba jarurruka don samar da tashar tashar tashoshin Nicaragua. Kasancewar Rasha a cikin wannan aiki a yau shi ne matsala saboda rashin bayanai, amma a farkon shekarar 2013, wakilan jihar sun yarda da wannan shawara kuma sun sanar cewa za su iya daukar nauyin kayan aiki na musamman, gine-gine da kayan gini.

Ginin tashar tashar jiragen ruwa a Nicaragua a matsayin hanya ta Sin da Rasha don hamayya da Amurka: wani ci gaba na cigaban abubuwan da suka faru

Masana sunyi la'akari da wata mahimman ban sha'awa na ainihin dalili na gina canal. Abubuwan da aka rufe, amma a bayyane, hakikanin gaskiya shine Amurka ne ke iko da Kanal Canal, kuma Panama kanta tana aiki a matsayin protectorate. Hanyar tsakanin manyan teku mafi girma da aka fi sani da yawancin masanan sune kallon wasu masana masana'antu a matsayin rukuni na Rasha da kasar Sin a kan gaba da wani yakin da ake fuskanta tare da Amurka dangane da abubuwan da suka faru na tattalin arziki a duniya. Ka lura cewa, an ba kasar Sin kyauta ba wai kawai don gina tashar ba, har ma don amfani da ita a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. A yau, kamfanoni na kamfanonin Rasha ba su shiga aikin ba, amma wannan cigaba yana ci gaba. Har zuwa irin wannan maƙasudin sa hannu na kasashe a cikin aikin gina gaskiya ne, yana da wuya a yi hukunci. Abin da kawai yake bayyane shi ne amfanin tattalin arziki daga aikin don ɗakunan duniya.

Bi da Rasha

Yawancin masana harkokin tattalin arziki sun bayyana irin yadda Rasha ke ba da gudummawa ga Rasha ba kawai tare da babban farashin aikin ba (dala biliyan 40, wanda shine kunnuwa don gina Canal na Panama). Manufar haɗin gwiwa shine cewa Nicaragua ne wanda ke tallafawa kasar kuma ya fadi a cikin jerin jihohi 11 da suka zabi matsayin Rasha a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da gudanar da zaben raba gardama a cikin Crimea. Majalisar Dokokin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a wannan lokacin ta amince da shawarar, inda aka bayyana cewa ba a bin doka ba a yankin ƙasar Crimea. Kasashe 11 ne kawai suka goyi bayan taron, 100 aka yi zabe a kan kuri'un raba gardama da kuma 58 suka dakatar. Wannan aza harsashin ginin for kusa hadin gwiwa tsakanin 11 jihohin suka yi tsayayya da yawancin: Belarus da kuma Armenia, Syria, Kyuba, Korea ta Arewa da kuma Sudan, Zimbabwe da kuma Bolivia, Venezuela da kuma Nicaragua.

Wadanne halaye ne Rasha ta samu daga haɗin gwiwa?

Bayan da aka fara ginin a ranar 22 ga watan Disamba, Rasha ta sami izini don ta shirya yakin basasa a jihohi na jihar tare da gina dukkanin kayan aiki don ganin yadda ake gina tashar a Nicaragua. Kasancewar Rasha kan aiwatar da karni na karni an gwada shi. Akwai wasu sassan da kasar Sin ta tallafa wa gina sabon tashar a Nicaragua. Kasar ta ba da yankinta, kuma Rasha ta sanya aikin kare shi ne kawai. Don yin hukunci a cikin wannan halin da ake ciki ba shi yiwuwa ba, tun da akwai kusan cikakken rashin bayanai, kuma masana a harkokin tattalin arziki da siyasa suna iya ba wa jama'a labarin kawai game da abin da ke faruwa.

Epochal yi

Ginin sabon tashar a Nicaragua zai kasance mafi girma a duniya a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. An kiyasta farashin irin wannan ra'ayin a dala biliyan 40. Za a tura wannan aikin a shekara ta 2019, kuma za'a gama aikin karshe na 2039. A cikin tsarin gina shi an tsara shi don gina tashar jiragen ruwa guda biyu, filin jirgin sama, man fetur da sauran sassan kasuwanci. Shirin aiwatar da wannan aikin zai taimaka wajen bunkasa tattalin arzikin duniya, zai tura kasashe da yawa zuwa wadata kuma zai kawo moriyoyin miliyoyin. Kuma yaya game da Kanal Canal? Nicaragua yana ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar irin wannan analogue, wanda a nan gaba bazai daidaita ba. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan za mu ga idan wannan kamfani ya kasance nasara.