Grays Hopper: biography, taimako zuwa kimiyya

Lissafi, bidi'a, masanin kimiyya, da kuma kawai mace wanda gudanar ya wuce mafi tsufa jami'in a cikin tarihi na Amurka Navy - wannan shi Grace Murray Hopper. Brief biography shi za a gabatar da hankali a kasa. 'Yan mata gudanar ya shirya hanya domin Navy, kuma ko da ta fi dacewa da irin wannan yawan yiwa awards. A Hopper duk wannan ya faru. A ritaya ta bar Agusta 14, 1986 yana da shekaru 79 da shekaru.

Bugu da kari ga nasarori a cikin soja filin, Hopper ya zama shahararren kuma ƙirƙirãwa a filin na kwamfuta masana'antu. Ta ya yi da kuma co-halittar da UNIVAC-1, na farko a cikin tarihin na kasuwanci mai sarrafa kansa kwamfuta, daya daga cikin halittawa daga cikin COBOL shirye-shirye da harshen, an} ir} iro, a ci gaban da m kwamfuta fasaha, da kuma ya zama wani fitaccen lissafi.

Meet Grays Hopper

Hopper wani sosai m mutum. Kamar yadda wani dalibi Vassarovskogo arts kwaleji (Vassar kwaleji), inda ta daga baya sanar da lissafi, Grays Hopper zama da takardun shaidar. Bayan wani lokaci, ta riga samu babban digiri daga Jami'ar Yale da shekaru hudu daga baya - Doctor of Falsafa. Kuma a 1943, ta ne aka yaba to yanzu ajiye na Navy. A shekara daga baya, sai ta aka bayar da leftana da kuma gayyata domin kara hadin gwiwa, a Jami'ar Harvard, inda ta baya ya fara aiki a kan wutar lantarki ta farko sarrafa kwamfuta inji "Mark-1".

tarawa Mahalicci

Har ila yau, a shekarar 1949, ta shiga a cikin ci gaba da kuma halittar kwamfuta karkashin sunan «UNIVAC-1" a cikin kamfanin na Eckert da Mauchly. A farko wanda shawarar da ra'ayin don tsara wani shirin na m jeruwar umarnin, kira subroutines, ya Grays Hopper. Taimako ga kimiyya na ta immeasurable. A saman da cewa ta tsunduma a cikin ci gaba da kuma na farko a cikin tarihin na tarawa shirin. Ta ya iya samu a cikin routines mangaza da kuma haifar da da su a shirye-sanya shirin a cikin binary tsarin, wanda za a gane ta cikin kwamfuta.

Grays Hopper ci gaba da aiki a cikin kamfanin, kuma bayan ta dangane da "Remington Rand" a shekarar 1951, kuma tare da "Sperry Rand Corporation" a shekara ta 1955.

A shekara, a karkashin ta shugabanci, sashen ya saki na farko kasuwanci shirin, to tara - Flow-Matic.

Wani lokaci daga baya ta yanke shawarar da ya yi murabus daga sabis, amma a na gaba shekara aikin sake tunatar da kansa. Gray mayar da kira domin su ne na daidai da Navy kwamfuta harshen shirye-shirye.

Ta ya tafi da kyau cancanta ritaya a shekarar 1986, sauran a karfi jami'in a cikin Navy. Grace mutu Janairu 1, 1992, a Arlington, Virginia.

The malamai a matuƙan

Mace a kan wani jirgin - matsala. Saboda haka ya ce sanannun karin magana, amma sanannen Grays Hopper ya iya su ɓãta wannan shawara. Sai ta juya ta cancanci amincewa da 'yan'uwansu a Navy, da kuma samun suna da Amurka Navy leftana.

Ya so ya taka a kan jirgin cikin jirgin Grace bayyana ta gadar hali. Kakanta aiki a matsayin wani Rear Admiral na rundunar motoci, kuma su bauta a cikin sojojin don ta kasance wani abu kanwar lasa ba.

A farko ƙoƙari ya karya a cikin sabis juya a cikin maye. Saboda pronounced thinness da shekaru, da kuma falalar da aka sa'an nan riga shekaru 37 da haihuwa, ta hana. Amma da al'ada da bada har a Hopper aka ba a lura, da kuma na biyu lokaci shi har yanzu ya dauki rundunar motoci ta hanyar aika wani pre-horar a cikin makaranta tushe. Wannan hanya da aka kammala tare da "m", auku ga mafi digiri na biyu makarantu.

Cikin ganuwar na Harvard

A wartime, sojojin mugun bukatar sabon nasarori. Amma da wuya daga cikin lissafin tsoma baki masanin kimiyya gane ideas. Shi ne ƙwarai, mai raɗaɗi, kuma muhimmin tsari da daukan lokaci mai tsawo da kuma kokarin. Sa'an nan kawai da ra'ayin samar da sarrafa kansa lantarki kwakwalwa, wanda su ne kai tsaye magabatan yau kwakwalwa.

Harvard University ya zama cibiyar na ci gaban ayyukan yarda ga shawara. A nan, karkashin kulawa na Howard Aiken, kuma tare da IBM-ɓullo da na farko-taba Amurka kwamfuta karkashin sunan "Mark 1", wanda aka kashe kudi mai yawa. Wannan inji shi ne iya yi a lokaci guda ya kara da uku teams ko subtracting wani biyu. Wannan sakamakon da aka gaskiya ga sun cancanci ga lokaci. "Mark-1" ba zato ba tsammani maye gurbinsu mai tsawo da kuma painstaking aiki fiye da ashirin aiki da zai iya gaskiya ma shafi wasan kwaikwayon.

Work at Harvard zafin Grays Hopper. Na sa a kan ta kafadu babban alhaki, saboda ingancin da timeliness na gudana aukuwa dogara a kan kasar ta nan gaba. Yana ba kawai wani gwani a ci gaba da kwakwalwa, da kuma wani bidi'a a cikin filin na bayanai da fasaha.

Rayuwa a kan "dan kasa"

1946 tabbatar da wani juyo ga Hopper. Saboda da shekaru ta canjawa wuri zuwa ga jagoranci a cikin Navy Reserve da kuma kusan kange daga aikin soja, ga abin da shi ya nemi haka dogon. Shi ne mai real buga for Grace kuma ba da hanya mafi kyau shafi m kiwon lafiya. Hopper yunkurin samun zaman lafiya a barasa, ga abin da ya ko da ya sha nanata aka tsare da 'yan sanda domin zama bugu. Duk da haka, ta ya iya ce ban kwana ga wannan buri tare da sabon tsaro da su yi aikin.

Strong ruhun wata mace m cire kaina tare, duk da yanayi, wannan shi ne Grays Myurrey Hopper. asali firtsi shi - tarawa ci gaba da kuma halittar daya daga cikin tsofaffin shirye-shirye da harsuna COBOL, zo kawai a wannan lokaci. Bayan duk, shi ne godiya ga ta zamani kwakwalwa ne iya fahimtar Multi-matakin shirye-shirye harsuna, mafi mutum fiye da na'ura code.

Place a tarihi

Farko, wanda ya sāke kwamfuta daga wata babbar kwamfuta cikin wani abu mafi iya cim ma wani iri-iri ayyuka a lokaci guda, shi ya kasance wani majagaba a kwamfuta masana'antu - Grays Hopper. Photos of farko kwamfuta, wanda yake shi ne m size kalkuleta, tafiya a farko lakabi aka bayar a lokacin da kafofin watsa labarai.

Grace ji cewa a kwamfuta kamata "wani sashe a kan wani zance," ba ta wadanda kuma zeros, kuma tare da taimakon da harshen Turanci. Ta ya iya kare su ideas da yaƙi, a mafi gaskiyan ma'anarta. Ta ya ya halin canja data kasance ra'ayoyi kan yanayin kwakwalwa, shi ne mai karfi ba ga kowa da kowa. M kuma na bincike tunani, ilimi da kasuwanci ƙarshe zai taimaka Hopper shawo abokan aiki na gyara.

Bayan ritaya daga falalar sabis fiye da sau daya halarci kwamfuta ci gaba, kamar yadda daya daga cikin mafi daraja kwararru na kimiyya al'umma. A shekarar 1959 ta aka tambaye taimake yi daidai da misali shirye-shirye da harshen Navy COBOL. Duk da irin wannan gagarumin taimako ga filin na fasahar kwamfuta, Grace ba kewaye da kansu tare da sarari na daukaka, la'akari da nasara kawai fluke.

Koma matsayin mai bincike

Bayan sallame shi daga sabis a shekarar 1966, Grace aka nada a matsayin shugaban bincike tawagar, don magance matsaloli na gaggawa a cikin filin na shirye-shirye da harsuna. Duk da matasa shekaru, da aka daina, Grace nan da nan saita zuwa aiki. Ta ya shirye su ciyar kwana da dare a can. Irin wannan shi ne wannan babban mace - Grays Hopper. Taqaitaccen Tarihin ta ci gaba a soja filin ba zai iya kasa su yaba. Kuma da yawan ƙirƙirãwa zai bar wani daya sha'aninsu dabam - ta na da wani daidai a cikin filin na kwamfuta fasaha. Daga cikin binciken kungiyar, ta ci gaba rayayye su ne na daidai COBOL.

Barin sabis

Ta yi murabus a shekarar 1986, kasancewa a matsayi na Rear Admiral, kamar ta kakan. Don ta sau da yawa nemi Majalisar mataki matuƙan da hustlers a yankin na shirye-shirye da harsuna. A karshe shekaru da ya m rayuwa ta sadaukar da kai bishara, don yin wani gabatar a jami'ar. Ta saukin gudanar aikatãwa amanar matasa masu sauraro kuma a zahiri zama wani tsafi a fuskar matasa. Hopper yi aiki domin amfanin al'umma a nan gaba, auku ga m bidi'a a cikin filin da ya samu da yawa awards. A mafi muhimmanci da kyauta da cewa ya shirya ta rayuwa, Grace tunani da sabis a cikin Navy.

a ƙarshe

An gaskiya da ake kira "uwa" na kwamfuta fasaha. Janairu 1, 1992 bar wannan duniya lashe wani yawan lambobin yabo da amincewa daga jama'a shahara mace ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa - Grays Hopper. Biography ta da ban sha'awa, m. Don shi ne sau da yawa bi da matsayin mai ba da shawara ga mukaddashin shugaba na Navy, wanda zai iya zama girman kai na "Amazing Grace", a cikin girmamawa wadda mai hallakarwa USS Hopper aka mai suna super-Ma'aikatar Makamashi da kuma kwamfuta. Domin da yawa, to wannan rana ta wani tsafi da kuma abin koyi.