Hatsi da kuma Oilseeds

Mafiya yawan kayayyakin cinyewa a kullum yawan jama'ar duniya, tabbatar da mafi muhimmanci reshe na noma - amfanin gona samar, kafuwar wanda a kowane lokaci an dauke hatsi da oilseeds. Bari mu magana game da wadannan muhimmanci aka gyara na da masana'antu, nasarori da kuma al'amurra.

hatsi

Hatsi sa up mafi m ɓangare na duka girma na samar selskhozproduktov a dukan duniya. Suna girma har zuwa 60% na dukkan arable ƙasar da acreage ne Mafi shagaltar da a wasu jihohi. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, kamar yadda wadannan al'adu ne da muhimman hakkokin Dalili na abinci mai gina jiki da jama'ar na kowace ƙasa, babban ɓangare na rage cin abinci na dabbobi da kuma dole raw kayan su ne sau da yawa tsakiyar zuwa yankunan da yawa daga cikin masana'antu. Kusan 80% na duniya hatsi girma sun shagaltar da alkama, masara da shinkafa. Gaya mana game da wadannan shuke-shuke.

alkama

Sani tun zamanin da, al'adu ne da wani abu hatsi. Selection aiki a kan ci gaban sabon, mafi resistant iri ba ya hana ko don sa'a guda, don haka da cewa a cikin yankuna daban-daban girma saba da gida yanayi iri. A mafi m yankunan ga namo wannan hatsi suna dauke filayen da Amurka da kuma Kanada, al'adu arable ƙasar a Argentina, Rasha, Australia, China da kuma sauran kasashe da nahiyoyi.

shinkafa

By girman da shũka shinkafa, da matsakaitan abinci ga mutane na kasashen Asiya, ranked na biyu a duniya. Wannan al'ada - babban bangaren da yawa masana'antu yankunan, sharar da kari abincin dabbobi da abincin sojoji. Specific fasahar ga namo shinkafa mai yiwuwa ne kawai a cikin gumi yammacin sahara, don haka ta fannin samar da geographically gano kudancin da kuma kudu-maso-gabashin kasashen Asiya nahiyar. A undisputed jagora a cikin namo da kuma tarin shinkafa - China, manyan masana'antun - Japan, Thailand, India.

masara

Amfani da ta gargajiya: abinci da kuma fodder amfanin gona. Mexican-haifaffe masara - zafi-ƙauna shuka, namo Wanne ne mayar da hankali a yankunan da m sauyin yanayi, dumi temperate latitudes. Babban wuraren samar da su ne da American filayen, located zuwa kudu na Great Lakes. The most exporters na masara gane kasashe a Arewa da Kudancin nahiyar Amirka.

oilseeds

Zaitun ne shuke-shuke, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari ko tsaba da nuna m mai.

Tsaba oilseeds dauke da har zuwa 60% m, kuma su ne tushen domin samar da kayan lambu mai ciwon invaluable abinci ko fasaha ma'anar. Suna amfani da abinci ko kayan for kammala da kuma lubricants, ana amfani da yin burodi, confectionery, canning, Pharmaceutical da kamshi masana'antu, a Paint masana'antu da sauransu.

Domin oilseeds ne Botanical jinsunan daban-daban iyalan: kabewa, zaitun, legumes, Beech, Pine, Euphorbiaceae, yasnotkovyh da yawa wasu. A yawa daga gare su, da cikakken jerin iyalan wadannan shuke-shuke kunshi fiye da 30 sunayen sarauta. Mai samar daga gare su, a yanzu sa up 70% na adadin mai cinyewa a duniya.

Progressive ideas sauyawa na dabba fats tare da kayan lambu da kuma zumunta samuwan wadannan kayayyakin sun muhimmanci karin tsanani da su samar da tallace-tallace a cikin 'yan shekaru. Kasashe masu tasowa kwarewa a cikin namo na mai, rage fitar da kaya daga mai dangane da ci gaban da kansa wurare don aiki da kuma sayar da shi ne ba albarkatun kasa da kuma gama kayayyakin.

Oilseed shũka shuke-shuke mallakan m Properties toning - shayi, Rubiaceae (kofi), Malvaceae (koko). Su suna girma a sosai iyaka yankunan - .. A yammacin sahara da subtropics, watau wurin samarwa da aka mayar da hankali a dama Kudu kasashen Asiya - Malaysia, India da sauransu.

Features oilseed samarwa a Rasha

Duk da cewa a Rasha yawancin yankunan dake a cikin bangarori da wajen tsaurara sauyin yanayi, da kuma amfanin gona yankunan sun mayar da hankali a cikin temperate da kuma nahiyar latitudes (a cikin Volga yankin, Siberia, Prikavkaze, da Urals kuma Far East) gargajiya noma, ciki har da namo oilseeds shuke-shuke ci gaba maida. noma a Rasha rufe da yawa shuka samar kansu, a cikin Bugu da kari ga namo m shuke-shuke, m ga m yanayi.

Uku rinjaye jinsunan hatsi, da aka sani kuma matsayin Rasha oilseeds - sunflower, waken soya, canola. Su amfanin gona zauna kusan 4 kadada miliyan da suke horar da domin samun man fetur da kuma gari tare da wani high gina jiki bangaren. The mai amfani da dafa abinci, abinci - a matsayin wani ɓangare na rage cin abinci na dabbobi.

Dalilai da shafi namo na amfanin gona da kuma matakai na su samar

Girma wadannan shuke-shuke shi ne dogara a kan wani zalla yankin dalilai: da yanayin halaye, abun da ke ciki da kuma ƙasa haihuwa, Gwargwadon wuri. Alal misali, a cikin m zones a bushe ƙasa talauci ɓullo da masara, da kuma high zafi da kuma nauyi ruwan sama hana samun girbi mai kyau na alkama. Saboda haka, da muhimmiyar rawa da shiryawa ne ko da yaushe karkatar da girma na amfanin gona da kuma yarda da bukatun wasu shuke-shuke da sauyin yanayi na yankin.

Akwai 4 matakai, wanda ya kasu kashi dukan tsari na samar da hatsi da oilseeds:

• iri gado shiri.

• cikin shuka.

• girbi.

• Samar da ajiya da kuma sufuri m abokan ciniki ko sarrafawa.

Next, bari mu magana game da namo oilseeds, mamaye babban arable yanki na Rasha.

sunflower

Wakiltar oilseed sunflower - m shuka. A can ne ko da yaushe a high bukatar a kasar, tun da girma da kayan lambu mai sanya daga sunflower ne. Mai shahara high gustatory halaye a lokacin da samar da ake tsabtace na impurities. M ikon yinsa, daga cikin amfani da wannan samfurin: da da'awar da za a ci abinci, a yi amfani da sarrafa na paints, varnishes, habaka da kuma lubricants, a sabulu shawara. Vata - cake da abinci - ne mai kyau akai domin samar da abincin dabbobi. Horar da matsayin ornamental shuka sunflower da kyau kwarai da kudan zuma shuka. Ta hanyar kokarin shayarwa bred a cikin al'adunsu, ko roba-iri.
Sunflower ne mafi m, a dumi yankunan da m baki ƙasa. Yana bukatar dogon girma kakar, da kuma a lokacin flowering - isasshe high zafin jiki (25-30˚S) ƙasa danshi da kuma tsaro. Matsakaicin ayyana ake samu up to 45 ton a kowace kadada. A mafi nasara a cikin namo sunflower a Rasha ne Southern, Tsakiya da kuma Volga tarayya gundumomi.

waken soya

Oilseeds kuma shi ne 'yan qasar na East Asia - soya. Yana ta kwanan nan aka horar a kasar, amma shi ne Popular da bautar da sararin ƙasa a cikin Far East (Amur yankin da kuma Khabarovsk Abuja) da kuma Black Duniya, ya gabatar Stavropol da Krasnodar Abuja. Limited yanki na waken soya namo a matsayin al'ada na dogon kwana, da bukatun da isasshe gumi da dumi sauyin yanayi. Market manazarta sa a gaba da da'awar cewa a cikin gaba 'yan shekaru, da amfanin gona na waken soya nufin biyu a sakamakon babbar selection aiki, sakamakon wanda a yau shi ne yawan gane iri saba da mafi tsanani yanayi na ci gaba.

A kadan soya amfani a cikin masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci a Rasha Rama don m karuwa a bukatar shi a matsayin exportable samfurin, suna son saya a kasashen waje. Bugu da kari, tun farkon karni shi ya kasance mai kaifi karuwa a amfani da abincin dabbobi soya-tushen, samar da mai kyau riba.

fyade

A babbar iyali da ake kira "oilseed" ya hada da fyade, fadada acreage na wanda shi ne daya daga cikin Rasha agrarian manufofin manyan al'amurra. Yau, canola albarkatu amounted zuwa 1 kadada miliyan. Canola man fetur ne high a unsaturated m acid - m abinci. A} asashen waje, shi ne fin so zuwa sunflower, mamaye wani abu matsayi a Rasha, saboda haka kasuwa domin wannan samfurin tabbas ne ga foreseeable nan gaba.

Fyade a matsayin mai muhimmanci fodder da zuma da al'adunsu. Green taro da tsaba na shuke-shuke suna ciyar da dabbobi, wanda rage cin abinci yana kiyaye da sharar gida daga samar da man - cake da kuma ci abinci. A tsawon lokaci da flowering oilseed fyade - kwana 30, wanda damar yin amfani da amfanin gona kamar yadda fodder ga ƙudan zuma.

Lura kuma phytosanitary sakamako daga cikin al'adun kuma ta ikon tara a cikin ƙasa kwayoyin halitta, ƙwarai inganta tsarin.

Saboda haka, oilseeds da hatsi da tsire-tsire ne kashin bayan aikin noma - amfanin gona.