Na farko ya bayyana a cikin juyayi tsarin na dabba?

A juyayi tsarin a cikin kwayoyin halittar da aka wakilta sadarwa na cibiyar sadarwa, samar da alakar ta da waje duniya da kuma nasu tafiyar matakai. Its asali kashi ne a neuron - Cell tare da appendages (axons da dendrites), wanda watsa bayanai ta lantarki da kuma sinadaran.

Dalilin da juyayi tsari

Domin da farko lokacin da juyayi tsarin bayyana a cikin rayayyun kwayoyin halitta da bukatar mafi hulda da yanayi. Development of wani sauki cibiyar sadarwa don canja wurin hatsaisai taimaka ba kawai sami sakonni daga waje. Godiya mata, shi ya zama mai yiwuwa a shirya nasu rayuwa matakai don ƙarin nasara aiki.

A lokacin juyin halitta daga cikin juyayi tsarin tsarin da wahala: ta aiki ba kawai da samuwar wani isasshen mayar da martani ga waje samuwar kasashe, amma kuma kungiyar na nasu hali. I. P. Pavlov kira wannan hanya na aiki na mafi girma m aiki.

Hulda da guda-cell yanayi

Na farko ya bayyana a cikin juyayi tsarin kwayoyin cewa kunshi fiye da daya cell, saboda shi ake bayyana sakonni tsakanin neurons, kafa cibiyar sadarwa. Amma ko da a cikin sauki zai yiwu don tsayar da ikon amsa waje ihisani bayar da kwayuka tafiyar matakai.

Kwayar juyayi tsarin ne qualitatively daban-daban daga abin da na ilimi a cikin na farko. A karshe cikakken tsarin sadarwa cikin guda cell metabolism. Game da dama matakai da ya faru a cikin ko a waje, ciliate "ilmantuwa" saboda canje-canje a cikin abun da ke ciki na protoplasm da kuma na ayyuka na wasu sauran Tsarin. Kwayar halittu da tsarin gina na aikin raka'a, kowanne daga abin da aka bai tare da kansa tafiyar matakai na rayuwa.

Saboda haka, a karon farko cewa juyayi tsarin akwai wanda ke ba daya, amma da dama Kwayoyin, cewa shi ne, Multi-salon salula kwayoyin. A samfur kuma hidima a matsayin wani goyon baya ga protozoa. A kan su fitarwa matakin gano protoplasm m Tsarin ciwon hatsaisai watsin. Hakazalika, a cikin mafi sosai shirya talikan yi wannan aiki da mutum jijiya Kwayoyin.

Musamman ma da juyayi tsarin coelenterates

Kwayar dabbobi da suke zaune a mazauna, ba raba tare da juna ayyuka, kuma suna da yet na tsarin jijiya cibiyar sadarwa. Yana auku a aya a lokacin da bambance da daban-daban ayyuka a jikin wani kwayar.

Domin da farko lokacin da juyayi tsarin bayyana a cikin hydra da sauran coelenterates. Yana da wani cibiyar sadarwa na gudanar da untargeted sakonni. A tsarin da aka ba wa dai da, shi ne diffusely rarraba a ko'ina cikin jiki coelenterates. A ganglion Kwayoyin da su nisslevskaya abu ne ba da cikakken kafa. Wannan shi ne mafi sauki version na juyayi tsarin.

motility dabba irin aka ƙaddara yaxuwa reticular juyayi tsarin. Hydra aikin peristaltic motsi kamar yadda ba shi da wani takamaiman sassa na jiki don matsar da sauran ƙungiyoyi. Domin motor aiki da shi yana bukatar wanda bai yankẽwa sadarwa contractile abubuwa, shi ake bukata da cewa da girma daga cikin conductive cell da aka located a cikin contractile sassa. Shin wani daga cikin dabbobin da a karon farko cikin juyayi tsarin bayyana a matsayin yaxuwa cibiyar sadarwa? Waɗanda suke cikin wadanda suka kafa na mutum tsarin na tsari. Wannan ne evidenced da cewa a cikin tayi raya dabbobi ba gastrulation.

Musamman ma da juyayi tsarin na helminths

M kyautata na juyayi tsari da aka hade da cigaban huldar fasali maimakon na radial da kuma samuwar gungu na neurons a sassa daban-daban na jiki.

A cikin irin makada a karon farko cikin juyayi tsarin bayyana a cikin 1 flatworms. A wannan mataki, shi ne ya wakilci da su guda biyu shugaban jijiya nodes kuma mikawa daga gare su kafa zaruruwa. A kwatanta da coelenterates, da irin wannan tsarin ne mafi hadaddun fiye da. A helminths samu kungiyoyin na jijiya Kwayoyin a cikin nau'i na raka'a da ganglia. kwakwalwa samfur - ganglia a cikin agara sashi na jiki da cewa ya yi aikin tsara ayyuka. Ya kira cerebral ganglion. Daga shi dukan jiki tare da jijiya akwati ne biyu, da alaka da gadoji.

All aka gyara daga cikin tsarin ba located a kan waje da ake nutsarwa cikin parenchyma da haka kare daga rauni. Domin da farko lokacin da juyayi tsarin bayyana flatworms tare da na farko hankula: tabawa, da gannanku, kuma gabar ma'auni.

Musamman ma da juyayi tsarin na nematode

A na gaba mataki na ci gaba ne da samuwar wani zobe samuwar kusa da makogwaro kuma mika gare mafi tsawo zaruruwa. Tare da irin wannan halaye karo na farko da juyayi tsarin bayyana a roundworms. Peripharyngeal zobe ne guda madauwari ganglion, kuma ya aikata ayyuka na daga cikin tushe jiki ji. Hade da shi ne ventral da dorsal jijiya igiyar.

Jijiya kututturan a nematodes located intraepithelial, watau epidermal ridges. A cikin rawar da hankula ne sensilla - bristle papillae karin gabobin, kuma amphids phasmids. Suna dukkan baiwa da gauraye ji na ƙwarai.

A mafi hadaddun gabobin da fahimta nematodes - amphids. Suna guda biyu, na iya zama daban-daban a cikin siffar da ake located a gaban. Su main aiki - don gano sinadaran jamiái, located nesa daga jiki. A wasu roundworms ne ma rabe cewa gane da ciki da kuma na waje inji tsoma. Suna da ake kira metanemami.

Musamman ma da juyayi tsarin na annelids

ganglion samuwar a cikin juyayi tsarin baya tasowa a annelids. Mafi yawansu ba su ganglionizatsiya ciki kututturan auku haka da cewa kowane kashi na tsutsa yana da wani biyu daga ganglia cewa connect da zaruruwa ga m segments. Annelids da ventral jijiya igiyar, cerebral ganglion kafa da kuma biyu daga strands mikawa daga gare ta. Su mai shimfiɗa a kan ciki surface. Gabansa abubuwa shirya a gaba da kuma gabatar da su ga tsirara ido, olfactory Kwayoyin, kuma ciliary fossae locators. Tare da twin nodes karo na farko da juyayi tsarin bayyana a annelids, amma ta baya ci gaba a arthropod. Bã su da wani karuwa ganglia a kai da kuma hade da nodes a cikin jiki.

Abubuwa na yaxuwa cibiyar sadarwa a cikin mutum juyayi tsarin

The pinnacle na juyin ci gaba da juyayi tsarin ne bayyanar da kwakwalwa da kuma laka a cikin mutane. Duk da haka, ko da da irin wannan sifofi kiyaye asali yaxuwa kungiyar. Wannan cibiyar sadarwa entangles kowane cell na jiki: fata, jini, da dai sauransu Amma tare da wadannan halaye domin a karon farko cikin juyayi tsarin bayyana, wanda ba ko da suna da wata damar bambance gane yanayi ...

Godiya ga wadannan "saura" tsarin raka'a wani mutum yana da damar da za su ji da effects ko da a kan daban-daban microscopic sassan. Da kwayoyin iya amsa su bayyanar minti waje wakili ƙarni na m martani. A gaban wani yaxuwa cibiyar sadarwa a cikin mutum juyayi tsarin da aka tabbatar da dakin gwaje-gwaje karatu, dangane da gabatarwar da colorant.

Janar layi na ci gaba da juyayi tsarin a cikin shakka daga juyin halitta

The juyin matakai na juyayi tsarin a matakai uku:

• yaxuwa cibiyar sadarwa.
• gangilii.
• kwakwalwa da kuma laka.

Tsari da kuma aiki na tsakiya m tsarin ne sosai daban-daban daga baya iri. Ta m ganglion sashen gabatar da reticular abubuwa. A cikin phylogenetic ci gaba da juyayi tsarin ya zama ƙara ruggedness da bambantawa. Ganglionic mataki na ci gaba da reticular neurons halin da gaban, har yanzu located a kan tsarin aiwatar.

Duk wani mai rai gabar - gaske a monolith hada daban-daban gabobin da kuma tsarin da kullum da kuma ci gaba da amsa tsakanin kansu, kuma tare da waje muhalli. Domin da farko lokacin da juyayi tsarin bayyana a coelenterates, shi ne wata yaxuwa cibiyar sadarwa samar na farko a aiwatar da hasken dake fitowa.