Nau'in barbashi

Yadda bambancin na farko barbashi ne don haka bambance bambancen da su halaye. Ya dogara ne a kan halaye da rarrabuwa da kuma hada da na farko barbashi.

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci Manuniya - ne nauyi. Yana da muhimmanci a yi la'akari ne da barbashi sauran taro, tun a lokacin na motsi, musamman a high gudu, shi muhimmanci ƙara. Wani lokaci, ba shan la'akari da wannan al'amari, wasu masana kimiyya sun sanar da bude sabuwar gaɓũɓuwa, amma ya zuwa magance tare da dogon-sani. A naúrar na reference aka dauke su da taro na wani electron a sauran, saboda shi ne mafi sauki daga gare su. A zamaninmu, da rarrabuwa na firamare barbashi bisa ga sauran talakawa kamar haka:

• photons da ba su da sauran taro, domin su suna kullum motsi a gudun haske.
• haske barbashi - leptons, wanda sun hada da electrons da neutrinos.
• matsakaici barbashi cewa auna daga daya zuwa dubban electron taro.
• nauyi - baryons, da ciwon wani taro na fiye da dubu na taro na electron, wanda sun hada da neutrons, protons, Hyperion.

A ci gaba da alama, wanda aka tsara domin rarrabuwa na firamare barbashi - su lantarki cajin. Shi ne mai mahara na cajin wani electron (-1) ko da yaushe. A cewar wannan halayyar, duk da barbashi kasu kashi gaskiya ma caje, barnatar da cajin da kuma tare da sifilin cajin. Haka ma kasancewar barbashi tare da fractional cajin.

Wani halayyar da wanda ya kafa rarrabuwa na firamare barbashi - lokacin da rai:

• barga gaɓũɓuwa, to abin da suke electron neutrino photon da proton, neutron zauna barga dai shi ne a cikin abun da ke ciki na atomic tsakiya, amma a wani free jihar shi disintegrates cikin minti 15;
• m barbashi - duk sauran. Rayuwa lokaci a wadda 10 (-10) - 10 (-24) seconds, da kuma barbashi tare da guntu tsawon rayuwa - resonances rugujewa ko kafin lokacin da za a bar na tsakiya ko zarra. Suna zaune 10 (-25) - 10 (-26) seconds. Ko da yake wanzuwar irin wannan barbashi da aka lasafta a rubuce, amma kusan babu wanda aka rubuta. mafi muhimmanci rawa a yi wasa a rayuwar mutum, ba shakka, barga gaɓũɓuwa, bayan dukkan su da duk Macro-jikuna an gina.

Wadannan rarrabuwa halaye - da irin hulda:

• leptons - barbashi cewa suna da hannu kawai a cikin rauni, kuma electromagnetic hulda.
• hadrons - barbashi wanda, a cikin Baya ga sama, suna takara a karfi interactions.

Amma, mafi muhimmanci halayyar na farko barbashi - shi ne juya (bayanin barbashi lokacinta). Wannan darajar a na gargajiya makanikai bayyana juyawa daga cikin jiki halayyar. Amma kimiyyar lissafi, idan akai la'akari da kaddarorin na farko barbashi, juya characterizes daban - a matsayin ciki digiri na da 'yancin da barbashi. Ya iya kawai dauki tabbatacce dabi'u, wanda suke gwargwado ga Planck ta m, da bambanci ga juya makanikai da cewa zai iya daukar wani darajar. Factor bayyana ta proportionality ake kira jimla juya lambar. Ga wasu barbashi shi iya da lamba (0, 1, 2), yayin da sauran - da rabin-lamba (1/2, 3/2) dabi'u. Barbashi, da ciwon 0-vym juya ya dubi wannan lokacin da juyawa da shi a kowane kwana na juya da naúrar - daukan wannan nau'i bayan juya shi ta hanyar 360 digiri, kuma tare da juya daidaita 2 - bayan juya 180 digiri, tare da juya a ½ - a 720 digiri. All barbashi tare da wani maras lamba dabi'u na juya ake kira - fermions. Wadannan su ne duk fiye da aka sani barbashi, kamar protons, electrons da neutrons. Su mayar da shi ne 1/2. Kuma tare da lamba - bosons. Wadannan abubuwa, a gaskiya, suna da kamfani mai suna Quanta na filayen, amma ko da tare da corpuscular Properties har yanzu bauta kamar filayen a cikin gargajiya da iyaka. A daukan hankali misali ne photon bosons, wanda juya ne 1 da kuma mesons tare da sifilin juya.