Hyperinflation - wannan ... Sanadin da kuma sakamakon da hyperinflation tattalin arzikin

Galloping hyperinflation - mai matukar hatsari sabon abu ga kowace ƙasa, kuma babu wanda yake rigakafi daga gare ta. Hyperinflation a saboda lokaci "m" kusan dukkan kasashen duniya, ko da wanda suka yau ne shugabanni na tattalin arzikin duniya.

A wannan labarin, za mu duba a ba kawai babban Sanadin hyperinflation, amma kuma da tasiri a kan tattalin arzikin jihar.

Mene ne hauhawar farashin kaya?

Da farko kana bukatar ka fahimci cewa irin wannan hauhawar farashin kaya a general.

Maganar ne na Latin asalin (inflatio - busa). Yana da wani tsari na farashin ƙaruwa ga dukiya da kuma ayyuka. A mutane, shi ne ma sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin "depreciation na kudi." Tare da hauhawar farashin kaya a kan wani lokaci da mutum ya ga wannan adadin kudi iya saya da yawa kasa kaya.

Yana kada ta kasance wani gajere Yunƙurin a farashin da wasu kaya da aka kira kumbura. Bayan duk, shi ne lokaci mai tsawo tsari, wanda yake rufe dukkan kasuwar.

A daura da hauhawar farashin kaya ne mai tsari kira deflation a cikin tattalin arzikin kasar. Wannan overall raguwa a matakin na farashin for kaya da kuma ayyuka. Short-lokaci deflation ne sosai na kowa da kuma halin, matsayin mai mulkin, da kakar. Saboda haka, misali, farashin strawberries a watan Yuni na iya muhimmanci rage saboda da taro na ta tarin vacationers. Amma dogon lokaci deflation - a wajen rare sabon abu. Don kwanan wata, wannan wani misali za a iya ambata Japan deflation sai dai cewa fluctuates cikin kashi daya.

kumbura iri

A zamani da tattalin arziki ka'idar ware da bude da kuma boye kumbura. A karshen da aka hali na kasashen da umurnin-shirya tattalin arzikin (musamman, domin da Tarayyar Soviet), inda wadannan mamaki tsananin sarrafawa ta jihar.

Shi ne kuma da hauhawar farashin kaya na bukatar da wadata, daidaita da unbalanced, ake iya faɗi kuma unpredictable kumbura. Duk da haka, mafi muhimmanci shi ne rarrabuwa na tsanani da cututtuka. A cewar wannan typology, yawanci rarrabe kumbura:

• rarrafe.
• galloping.
• kuma hyperinflation.

Rarrafe (mafi m) kumbura ne halin matsakaiciya Yunƙurin a farashin (a cikin wani fiye da 10% a kowace shekara). Wasu masana da kuma yi la'akari da shi tabbatacce ci gaba, kamar yadda shi stimulates kara ci gaba da samar da iyawarsa. Irin wannan hauhawar farashin kaya da aka yawanci saukin sarrafawa da jihar, duk da haka, a kowane lokaci akwai hadarin da cewa shi za su yi girma a cikin wani hadadden da siffar.

Galloping kumbura , kuma hyperinflation ne mafi hatsari ga tattalin arzikin kasar. A wannan halin da ake ciki, kamata gwamnati ta dauki wani hadadden na anti-kumbura matakan.

Hyperinflation - wannan ...

Mene ne bambanci tsakanin wannan nau'i na kumbura?

Hyperinflation - wannan sabon abu a cikin tattalin arzikin, wanda aka tare da wani sosai high karuwa a farashin - daga 900% zuwa miliyan cent a shekara. Mafi sau da yawa, shi take kaiwa zuwa cikakken rushewar kayayyaki da kuma kudi tsarin a cikin kasar da kuma yana tare da wani cikakken rashin amincewa a cikin kasa kudin da yawan jama'a.

A lokacin hyperinflation, da kudi na iya kuma bai rasa ta core ayyuka. A ba da nisa da can sun kasance lokutta idan wannan lokaci da kudi maye gurbin barter (abin da ake kira barter). Ko kuma a cikin irin rawa da wani kayayyaki (kamar a farkon matakai na raya kasa na al'umma). Yana zai kasance mai sukari ko taba. Wani lokaci hyperinflation a kasar tare da dollarization - a lokacin da kasa kudin (partially ko gaba daya) tilasta fita cikin barga duniya ago.

Hyperinflation - wannan shi ne, a sama da dukan, wani irin wata nuna alama na mai zurfi tattalin arziki da rikicin a jihar. A wasu kalmomin, idan muka zana wani misalin da magani, da shi ne ba sosai "cuta", amma kawai daya daga cikin m da kuma m bayyanar cututtuka. Sauran hade da bayyanar cututtuka irin wannan rikicin na iya zama wani m impoverishment na mutane, da yawa fatarar, tsoho a kan basussukan da ake na jihar da sauransu.

A Sanadin hyperinflation da illar kan tattalin arzikin

Jahilci ko laifi ayyuka gwamnatocin sau da yawa haifar da preconditions ga wannan sabon abu. Lokacin da jihar yana kokarin rufe su da kuma halin kaka kasafin kudin deficits da taimakon batun (ƙarin batun banki rubutu), wadannan ayyuka kan lokaci dole kai ga hyperinflation. Bayan duk, wadannan buga kudi ba tare da goyon bayan real kayayyaki samar. Hakika, duk wannan zai haifar da Yunƙurin a farashin, da kudi na wanda zai dogara ne a kan yawan buga kudi, kazalika da wasu sauran abubuwan.

An ƙarin hanyar hyperinflation kuma iya zama m karbo kudi daga yawa - a ajiya a banki. Duk da haka, a lokacin da tattalin arziki da rikicin, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ya lura da m Trend.

Abin da ya haddasa hyperinflation? Daga cikin babban sakamakon - janar dakushe samar, depreciation na tanadi, kazalika da cikakken auka na kudi tsarin a kasar.

Mafi shahara misalai na hyperinflation

Kasashe da dama a cikin karni na ashirin samu hyperinflation. Ga uku mafi rikodin-watse misali na wannan sabon abu a cikin tarihin duniya tattalin arzikin:

1. Zimbabwe, farkon na XXI karni. da hauhawar farashin kaya kudi ya 230.000.000% a kowace shekara.
2. Hungary, 1946. da hauhawar farashin kaya kudi ya 42 quadrillion kashi.
3. {Asar Yugoslavia,, karshen 1993. da hauhawar farashin kaya kudi ya 5 quadrillion kashi.

A duniya ta yau, mafi daukan hankali misali na hyperinflation aka dauke su a kasar Zimbabwe. A cikin photo kasa - sanannen denomination a da ɗari tiriliyan Zimbabwe daloli.

A ƙarshe ...

Hyperinflation - wani irin kumbura, wanda yana da wani musamman high kudi na shekara-shekara farashin girma (daga 900 zuwa dama miliyan cent a shekara). Alal misali, a kasar Zimbabwe, a 2008, farashin abinci ya karu a wani Littãfi taki - a rabin awa.

Kumbura, kuma hyperinflation (musamman) ayan bi da zurfin matsalar tattalin arziki, da sakamakon wanda ya iya zama da wuya matuƙa ga wani musamman jihar.