International Red Littafi: dabbobi. Wanda take kaiwa da Red Littafi?

. A farkon XX karni, da Turanci masanin kimiyya J. Darrell fa, tã wani misalin: duniya - Wide Web, kuma idan shi ne kadan touch, shi ne, a mafi kyau, za su yi makyarkyata, kuma a mafi mũnin - rata bayyana. Kuma mutane da ci gaban fasaha tana da duniya, da samar da wani rami a shi, wanda ba wata ila za a rufe. Wannan da farko rinjayar da Flora da fauna na duniya: Fade daban-daban jinsin dabbobi, shuke-shuke, fungi, kasancewar da yawa daga cikinsu duniya al'umma yanzu sani kawai na bincike akan burbushin halitta tono. Kuma abin da za mu zuriyarsu? Za su yi nazari da tsohon bambancin da dabba duniya a hotuna a kundayen da kuma tarihi nassoshi?

Mutãne jima ko daga baya ya zo ya gane cewa wannan yanayi dole ne a kiyaye da kulle. A sakamakon wani yunkurin kiyaye Flora da fauna da aka kasa da kasa Red Littãfi. Tarihi na halitta ta na da ban sha'awa.

Yadda ya yi da Red Littafi

Riga m 1902. Paris Congress of masana kimiyyar daga ko'ina cikin duniya, da m batun - da kariya tsuntsaye. Bayan da yawa rahotanni karo na farko da wani mataki da aka sanya a kan kariya na duniya ta rabe-raben da kuma sa hannu cikin International Yarjejeniyar ga Kariya na Birds, wanda shi ne m na zamani Red Littãfi.

Sai da na ɗauki fiye da shekara arba'in. A dukan duniya yana murmurewa daga yakin duniya na biyu. 1948, a karkashin laimar UNESCO, halitta da ba na gwamnati shiri - Duniya muhalli Union - IUCN (IUCN). Tuni a cikin shekara ta 1949, da IUCN tabbatar da "kula jiki" - Hukumar tsira jinsunan.

The main manufofin

The World muhalli Union ya gano babban aiki na tsira jinsunan Hukumar:

• bincike kan matsayin rare jinsunan shuke-shuke, fungi da kuma dabbobi.
• gano jinsin tare da babban hadarin da nau'i nau'i.
• ci gaba da ayyukan kasa da kasa da yarjejeniyarsu, taron gunduma.
• tara lists na farauta;
• don bayar da mafita da adana farauta.

Mu tsare a raga da kuma manufofin, amma abin da ke gaba? Kuma, kamar yadda yake yawanci haka al'amarin, su aiwatar da aka jinkirta ... An yi kusan shekaru 20. 1963, shugaban hukumar Piter Skott yayi wani jerin miyagun dabbobi, da sunan wanda - kasa da kasa Red Littãfi. A hukumar 'yan tambaye shi: "Me ja?", To abin da Scott ya ce: "Red - da launi na da hadari, kuma cewa yana nufin cewa ba za mu iya ma rasa kadan da muke da su."

Ba da da ewa, hasken fitarwa na farko edition, in biyu kundin, kamar tebur kalanda. Yana hada da 312 jinsunan tsuntsaye da 211 jinsunan dabbobi masu shayarwa. A littafin da aka aika zuwa masu karɓa wasu - to masana kimiyya da kuma jama'a Figures. Halittawa daga cikin Tome a gaba bayar cewa dabba ne batun sauya, don haka kamar yadda Ana ɗaukaka data masu karɓa aika sabon zanen gado maimakon tsohon daya.

Canje-canje da kuma tarawa: a Chronology

Har 1980, da Red Littafi Aka sake buga shi sau uku: don canja format, karuwar adadin kundin, bambance bambancen bayanai game da irin (4 th edition bayyana gano 13 jinsunan), canja tsarin.

Daga shekarar 1988 zuwa 1998. ke International Red Book - jerin dabbobi da ake kira "Red List of Species barazana." A 5 da lists buga shekaru 10. Su ne mai kama da Red Littãfi, amma da wani mabanbanta format, daban-daban rarrabuwa iri. Saboda haka, cikin jerin kunshi raka'a biyu, wanda ya kasu kashi kara canza matsayin da. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa daya daga cikin halittun sũ ne waɗanda jinsunan cewa tsira a zaman talala.

Kamar yadda lists, da kuma ta kasa da kasa Red Littãfi ne IUCN da Duniya muhalli saka idanu Center (Cambridge, UK). Karkashin laimar da IUCN dubu maza da hukumar a kan rare jinsuna da hannu a cikin bincike na bayanai, shan la'akari da bayanan da wallafa littattafai. Shi ne da godiya ga aikinsu, mun san abin da irin dabbobi ne bukatar kariya, da kuma wasu daga cikinsu, da rashin alheri, mun taba gani a duniya tamu.

bayyanar

Ta yaya International Red Littafi? Yana kyawawan ban sha'awa Tome, wanda shi ne da ɗan reminiscent na bakan gizo: murfin na haske Scarlet launi, da kuma sassan da launi daban-daban (ja, black, da fari, kore, yellow, m). Domin da yawa tambaya taso a game da inda Red Littãfi da aka adana. Abin farin, shi ne na jama'a batun, don haka shi za a iya samu a wani kyau library. Wasu yanayi masoya fi son a yi shi a na sirri littafin ta arsenal.

Yanzu bari mu magana game da kowane sashen. Bayani game da dabbobi na kasa da kasa Red Littãfi ne conventionally kasu kashi shida sassa:

• dadaddun nau'in.
• miyagun kuma rare dabbobi.
• nau'in da suke bacewa cikin hanzari.
• wanda bai isa jinsunan.
• karami da aka sani jinsunan.
• Animals cewa ba ka bukatar kariya.

Saboda wannan shi ne mai sauki a samu bayani game da wani dabba.

tsarinsa iri

Wakilai daga kowane sashe na Red Littafi suna da nasu tsarinsa.

A cikin baki shafukan da & Fonte sanya dadaddun dabbobi (Ex) da kuma dadaddun dabbobi a yanayi (EW). ja page - m jinsunan (vu) da kuma mummunan ha] ari (CR). Yellow Pages - farauta (VN). fari shafukan - nau'in da suke kusa da m jihar (NT). m page - ba safai karatu (CD). Green Pages - jinsunan da magangara mafi ƙasƙanci hadarin karewa (LC).

Abin da sauran bayanai hada da na kasa da kasa Red Littafi? Photos of dabbobi. Babu shakka, a kan shafukan na littafin gaba da nazarin halittu data samuwa hoto wannan nau'in (tare da banda wani dadadden dabba, da bayyanar da abin da aka sake halittarsa ko hoto, ko kuma amfani da kwamfuta graphics).

A nan ne International Red Littãfi. Animals cewa an gabatar da shi ne bambancin. A dangane da kimiyya ci gaba bayanai ne kullum updated, ƙara sabon jinsin da kuma wasu dabbobi canza su matsayi saboda muhalli ayyuka. Kuma shi ba zai iya kasa su faranta!

Regional bugu na Red Littafi

Da yake jawabi game da International Red Littãfi, shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa shi yana da analogues: misali, kasa da kasa Red Littãfi da Ukraine da kuma ta kasa da kasa Red Littafi na Rasha. Animals, wanda dauke da bayanai, irin wallafe, rayuwa (ko da sau daya ya rayu) a cikin kayyade yankuna.

Kamar yadda ya juya waje, da yankin edition na Red Littafi ƙunshi ƙarin bayanai game da irin, kamar yadda tsayayya wa duniya. Wannan hujja ne saboda gaskiyar cewa yankuna da fari mayar da hankali a kan fauna halayyar wannan yanki, da lambar kuma irin wadda ya bambanta muhimmanci daga duniya sikelin. Saboda haka, data ake bincikar more sosai da kuma a kai a kai sabunta.

Regional littattafai ne ma daban-daban daga kasashen duniya version of zane, shi ya zauna canzawa kawai ja murfin.

Bari yanzu mu mayar da hankali a kan mafi fice samfurori da fauna, wanda suke kan gab da nau'i nau'i da kuma aka jera a matsayin miyagun.

International Red Littafi Amur Tiger (Panthera Taigiris altaica)

Amur Tiger (Ussuri) a cikin Red Littãfi yana nuna yadda za a kananan view (vu) a arewacin Rasha. Ko shekaru 100 da suka wuce, yawan dabbobi kidaya a cikin dubbai, amma saboda farauta yawan fara samun koma baya gunaguni ƙwarai. Yau da Amur yawan damisar da shi ne kawai 500 mutane.

Wannan irin - daya daga cikin 'yan wakilan da cat iyali cewa ya saba da matsananci yanayi na taiga. A rarrabe da wannan sub - biyar-santimita Layer na kitse a kan ciki, wanda ba ka damar gudanar da cat ɓarna, low yanayin zafi.

International Red Littafi: dabbobi - snow damisa (Panthera uncia)

Snow damisa (irbis, snow damisa) - babban cat da cewa na zaune a cikin yankunan duwatsu na Asiya ta tsakiya. Har farkon XX karni, snow leopards ne wani muhimmin mahada a cikin Jawo cinikin. A ranar, da dusar ƙanƙara damisa farauta da aka haramta, da bayanai game da dabba ƙunshi kasa da kasa Red Littãfi. Snow leopards suna classified kamar wajen farauta (EN).

Visayas warty alade (Sus cebifrons)

Visayas warty alade zaune a duniya, kawai a kan biyu tsibiran - Panay da Negro (The Philippine tarin tsiburai). Saboda tare da la'akari farauta yawan lambobin da aladu for shekaru 60 da aka rage by kamar yadda 80%! Tun 1998 Visayas warty alade tsaron International Red Littãfi. Animals suna dauke namun dajin (EN).

Tiger quoll (Dasyurus maculatus)

Quoll (tiger cat) ta samo sunanta domin ta kama zuwa marten da cat. Yau, da wannan irin martens zauna a biyu ya zama ruwan dare alƙarya da Australian Coast (arewacin - Queensland, m - daga kudancin Queensland zuwa Tasmania). Bayani game da marsupial martens ƙunshi kasa da kasa Red Littãfi. Animals na wannan nau'in da matsayi kusa da m halin da ake ciki (NT).

Largetooth sawfish (Pristis microdon)

Largetooth sawfish (gangara-pristiophorus) - mazaunan gāɓar teku ruwan Pacific da kuma Indian tekuna. Rayuwa Hasashen a bauta ne ba fiye da shekaru 7. The Red Littafi pylori yana da matsayi na "mummunan ha] ari» (CR).

Burma nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus strykeri)

Burma snub-nosed biri (snub-nosed biri Stryker) a matsayin jinsin zama sananne ga malamai kawai a 2010. Kawaici a wannan nau'in na birai na musamman a arewacin Burma. Its sunan ne saboda da primacy na ta discoverer da m tsarin da hanci - da kafafen hancinsa na snub-nosed biri juya sama. Saboda wannan sifofin na Burma biri sneezes a ruwan sama - saukad da na ruwa fall a cikin ta hanci. Tuni a cikin shekara ta 2012, da Burma da biri da aka jera a matsayin miyagun matsayi - mummunan ha] ari (CR). Yau akwai game da 300 mutane Myanmar snub-nosed biri.

Our kusa dangi - Orang-utan (Pongo)

Orang-utan - mai kama da gwaggwon biri itace, tsarin da DNA mafi kusa ga mutum DNA. Ware yankin Sumatra, kuma Kalimantan orangutans (bambanci a size - ya fi girma Kalimantan). Dalilin akan rage yawan - felling na dazuzzukan kurmi (mazauninsu na orangutans) da kuma farautar.

Yankin Sumatra Orang-utan da aka jera a matsayin miyagun matsayi - mummunan ha] ari (CR). Bornean Orang-utan gabatar tare da matsayi "m jinsunan» (vu). Begen shine wannan irin zai ci gaba ta hanyar zoos da kuma yanayi reserves.

Caspian hatimi (Phoca caspica)

Seal Caspian (Caspian Seal) ƙaura tsakanin arewacin Caspian Sea da Urals. Ko shekaru 100 da suka wuce, yawan like da aka fiye da miliyan daya mutane, a yau suka lissafa kawai kai dubu 100. Sanadin: taro farautar, ruwa gurbatawa, canjin yanayi. Caspian hatimi ne da aka jera a cikin Red Littãfi a matsayin jinsin cewa shi ne kan gab da karewa (EN).

a ƙarshe

Mutumin da jũna a zama m halitta, amma duk da haka shi mindlessly halaka da filayen, gandun daji, "kunna koguna da baya", ya iterate ta hanyar farauta, farautar. A binciken da na yi irin ayyukan ɓata hali - bacewar jinsunan Flora da fauna.

Red littafin, fitowa zuwa ga haske, kusantar jama'a da hankali ga nawa cuta ya riga ya kawo mutane da yanayi. Hakika, wasu irin, da rashin alheri, zai zauna a cikin littattafan tarihi, amma akwai wadanda cewa za a iya ceto nan gaba.

Godiya ga duk Zoological Parks da reserves, wanda ake yin wani invaluable taimako ga adana jinsunan! Amma har yanzu sosai cewa kowane mutum a duniya ya gudummawar da adana yanayi, da kuma Red Littãfi ne a kai a kai a bayansa da kore shafukan.

Earthlings! Ka tuna cewa mun vitally bukatar kula na duniya, wanda ake ci gaba da fama da muka tukuna godiya da kuma ci gaba da yanayin da na kewaye da mu, kuma ba ga wani lokacin manta cewa kowane halitta a duniya wajibi ne da muhimmanci! Animals - mu da makwabta a fadin duniya, ba tufafi da abinci!