Relief Kazakhstan: Hamada, Semi-Hamada, matakan. Khan-Tengri. Kazakhstan kogin

Kazakhstan sauƙi ne musamman bambance bambancen. Don ganin wannan, shi isa zuwa akalla duba a jiki taswirar ƙasar. Amma za mu yi da shi mafi sosai da kuma daki-daki, ga gaya muku game da duwãtsu, tuddanta, Hamada, da kõguna da daya daga cikin mafi girma a yankunan da Eurasia.

Labarin kasa na Kazakhstan (takaice): wurin da iyakokin

Kazakhstan - mafi girma a landlocked kasa a duniya (Ina nufin wadanda Amurka da cewa sun ba a wanke da Duniya Ocean). Its yanki ne 2,72 miliyan sq. M. km da jimlar tsawon iyakar - fiye da 13 kilomita dubu. Bugu da kari, shi ne na biyu mafi girma kasa a duniya daga cikin wadanda wanda aka ayi a sassa biyu na duniya (via Kazakhstan kiwon iyakar tsakanin Turai da kuma Asiya).

A babban yanki na kasar sun fi mayar da kayyade bambancin da ta shimfidar da na halitta gidaje. Labarin kasa Kazakhstan ne ban sha'awa da kuma sosai bambancin. Ban sha'awa al'amari: duk da babbar ƙasar yankin, kawai biyar makwabta Kazakhstan. Shi ne kai tsaye a kan iyakar kasar da kasar Sin, Rasha, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, da Kyrgyzstan.

A iyakar tsakanin Turai da kuma Asiya da aka gudanar a Aktobe yankin a cikin kasar. Mafi sau da yawa shi ne da za'ayi a gabashin tsaunukan na Mugodzhary, sa'an nan tare da kogin Emba da Caspian Sea.

Kazakhstan taimako bambanta da babban bambanci. A total tsaye drop a kasar na fiye da 7000 mita! Kazakhstan Climate - temperate nahiyar da kuma wajen bushe. A lokacin rani akwai sau da yawa wani debilitating zafi, da kuma a cikin hunturu - mai tsanani sanyi (saukar zuwa -40 digiri Celsius). Farkon spring a Kazakhstan yanayin saba ne musamman m lokacin da arewa ne har yanzu bugãwa snowstorms a kudu yana da itatuwa iya yabanya.

Next, mun bayyana ƙarin bayanai game da abin da yake ban sha'awa da kuma taimako fasali na Kazakhstan. Inda a kasa da za ka iya ganin duwãtsu? Inda filayen, kuma inda - hamada?

Common fasali na Kazakhstan sauƙi

Game da 15% na yankunan shagaltar da dutsen jeri kuma ridges, game da 30% - ne tuddanta, kuma plateaus, 10% - ciki, 45% - na hamada da kuma Semi-hamada. Irin bambance bambancen ƙasa na Kazakhstan bayyana quite hadaddun ma'aunan kasa tsarin da yankin. A kasar da aka located a wani wuri inda converge barga Gabas-Turai dandali, m mai tsayi bel da kuma folded Tsarin Ural-Mongolian bel.

Musamman fasali na taimako na Kazakhstan ne ma a wani gagarumin drop a tsawo a cikin jihar. Saboda haka, mafi ƙasƙanci batu a kasar da aka located a kan tekun na Caspian Sea (Karagiye, 132 mita kasa teku matakin). Kuma a nan ne tsororuwar a kusan kai 7000 mita (ganiya Khan Tengri a kudu-gabashin kasar).

A mafi duwãtsu a Kazakhstan da aka mayar da hankali tare da gabashin da kuma kudu-maso-gabashin iyakar jihar. Yana Altai Tarbagatai, Jungar Alatau da Tien Shan. Bugu da kari, da arewa ne kudancin tip na Ural dutsen kewayo.

Filayen Kazakhstan located in arewa, a cibiyar da kuma arewa maso yammacin jihar. A wajen yamma, kuma a kudu aka mamaye filayen kwari. Daga arewa zuwa kudancin kasar ta kulla dogon Turgai ƙullunku a cikin abin da za a yi ta hanyar biyu mai girma da waɗansu kõguna na Kazakhstan - Tobol da Turgay.

Hamada zauna manyan yankunan a yamma (a cikin Caspian yankin) a kudu da kuma a cikin tsakiyar-gabashin kasar.

Hydrology Kazakhstan

A cikin ƙasa gudanar fiye da 85 dubu halitta magudanai. The most waɗansu kõguna na Kazakhstan - ne Ural, Tobol, Ishim, Ili da Syr Darya. A mafi m kogin cibiyar sadarwa ne halayyar yankunan duwatsu, kuma mafi ƙasƙanci lura a cikin yankunan Hamada. Mafi yawa daga Kazakhstan ta kõguna kawo ruwansu da Aral da Caspian Tekuna.

Mutane da yawa a Kazakhstan da tabkuna. Duk da haka, manyan jikuna na ruwa, wanda yanki ya wuce 100 murabba'in kilomita kawai 21. Daga cikin su - da Caspian da Aral Sea, Balkhash, Tengiz, Alakol da sauransu. Mafi yawa daga cikin tabkuna a kasar da aka mayar da hankali a arewaci da kuma tsakiyar yankunan.

A Kazakhstan, akwai kuma 13 wucin gadi Wuraren. A total girma na sabo ruwa a cikinta ne game da 87 dubu cubic. km.

Kazakh steppe

Matakan da Semi-Hamada a total cover game da 70% na yankunan na Central Asia kasar. Mutane da yawa da suka shafukan ne a cikin ainihin siffar ko kamar yadda modified da ayyukan mutane ne negligible.

Kazakhstan steppe lullube wani m bel na kusan 2000 kilomita daga Ural River kwarin a yamma da Altai Mountains - a gabas. A cikin sharuddan yankin shi ne mafi girma tsararru na bushe steppe shimfidar a duniya. A sauyin yanayi ne da nahiyar da kuma bushe sosai: talakawan shekara-shekara ruwan sama da wuya ya wuce 350-400 mm.

Saboda da rashin danshi a cikin Kazakhstan matakan da ciyayi ne wanda bai isa ba, akwai kusan babu itatuwa. Amma shi ne mai arziki a cikin fauna da jinsunan bambancin. Ga saba iri-iri na musamman dabbobi masu shayarwa: saiga, marmot, steppe pika, Roe barewa da sauransu. Babu kasa mai arziki avifauna wannan yankin. A cikin matakan Kazakhstan, za ka iya samun gaggafa, black Lark, ruwan hoda kwasakwasa, black shamuwa, Flamingo, ungulu, zinariya mikiya, da fari-tailed mikiya.

A mafi kyau da kuma picturesque Kazakh steppe a cikin spring, a farko da kuma tsakiyar watan Mayu. Sai a wannan lokaci akwai blooming poppies, irises da kuma wasu masu haske launuka, juya launin toka, m yanki a wani m kafet dubban flowering shuke-shuke filin.

Kazakh hamada

Hamada da kuma Semi-Hamada zauna kusan rabin ƙasar Kazakhstan. Su mai shimfiɗa kusan m tsiri na bakin tekun na Aral Sea zuwa dutsen jeri na gabashin kasar. Kazakhstan ya kuɓuce sararin da talauci maida su ba kome: sun wuya lebur da daji shimfidar enliven cikin kankanin kauyuka da kuma picturesque duwatsu, ko tafiyar phlegmatic raƙuma.

A cikin hamada na Kazakhstan haɗu da wani m iri-iri kayyade iri: m, yashi, murƙushe dutse, lãka da kuma Saline.

Desert Betpak Dala yanki na game da 75.000 murabba'in kilomita aka located a cikin zuciya na ƙasar. The taimako da aka bayar tare da lebur bayyana talakawan tsawo na 300-400 mita. Summers ne sosai zafi da kuma bushe, da ruwan sama shi ne kasa da 150 mm a kowace shekara. A depressions daga ƙauyãwã yada gishiri Marshes da kuma m, a ta waje ra'ayoyi takyrs.

Don kudu da Bet-Pak-Dala located Moyynkum Sands. A cewar wannan hamada yanki ne kusan rabin. A kudu shi ne a daure da babban dutse ridges na Karatau da Kyrgyzstan Alatau. Haka kuma, da talakawan tsawo ne mafi girma - 700-800 mita. Climate da dama zuwa 300 mm a kowace shekara shi ne kadan softer, yanayi hazo. Yankunan da yawa daga cikin hamada amfani da yan unguwa da matsayin makiyaya domin shanu.

Tsarin na Ural dutsen bel

Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, a cikin Kazakhstan ne kudancin tip na Ural tuddai. Ga shi da aka gabatar Preduralsky da Zauralskaya Filato Mugodzhary duwãtsu, kazalika da dama karami ridges da ridges (Shirkala, Shoshkakol da sauransu).

Preduralsky Filato miƙa tsakanin Caspian Shefela a yamma, kuma a gabas Mugodzhary. Yana hankali rage-rage zuwa yamma da kuma kudu maso yammacin, mai santsi mika mulki a slaboholmistuyu bayyana. A talakawan tsawo daga cikin tudu - 150-300 mita saman teku matakin.

Mugodzhary - matsananci kudancin spur da Ural duwãtsu da altitudes har zuwa 657 mita (ganiya Dutsen Boktybay). Wadannan duwãtsu, a gaskiya, wakiltar sarkar na low kuma na m tuddai rufe sparse ciyayi. Places relict Birch ɗan kurmi. Mugodzhary - wani muhimmin tushen raw kayan a Kazakhstan. Ga mined tsakuwa da sauran gini dutse.

Mountains gabas da kudu-maso-gabashin Kazakhstan

A mafi duwatsu na Kazakhstan - gabas da kuma kudu maso gabashin kasar. Ga falalen jeri na Altai da Tarbagatai rabu tasa na Lake Zaisan. A kan iyakokin tare da kasar Sin da kuma Kyrgyzstan budewa da Tien-Shan. Af, a nan shi ne mafi girman aya a kasar. A kudu maso gabashin ɓangare na Kazakhstan ne da dama babban dutse jeri: Karatau, Junggar, kuma Ile Alatau, Toksanbay da sauransu.

A cikin Karaganda yankin ne Karkaralinsky Mountains. Wannan tsararru aka hada da farko na dutse, quartzite da porphyrites sani arziki adibas da kuma polymetallic ores.

A kudu akwai manyan da sosai wasan kwaikwayo kunya Karatau (da Tien Shan). Akwai da yawa shafukan na zamanin d mutumin da aka samu. Ta hanyar wannan taron, da kunya ne dan takarar na hada a wani kariya UNESCO. An tsararru daga hadaddun Karatau daban-daban kankara: sandstones, shales, limestones, da sauran. Iyakokinta ne tartsatsi karst matakai da mamaki. A kan gangara na Karatau uranium nawa raya, da baƙin ƙarfe, ores, kazalika da phosphate.

Filato Mangyshlak

Mangyshlak Filato (Mangystau ko) located a kan wannan sashin a yammacin kasar. Its matsakaicin tsayi - 200-300 mita saman teku matakin. Daga arewa Filato kẽwayesu da duwãtsu da elevations na Mangistau zuwa 556 mita. A gabas, shi ya wuce smoothly a cikin m tudu Ustyurt.

Akwai a kalla iri biyu daga cikin Asalin sunan na kan tudu. Alal misali, kalmar nan "Mangistau" fassara daga Kazakh harshen kamar yadda "dubu wintering." Amma da Harshen Turkmen bincike K. Annaniyazov kalmar "mangylshak" fassara a matsayin "babban kauye." A Soviet sau, domin wannan dress makale da sunan Mangyshlak, amma a zamani Kazakhstan sunansa riga daban - Mangystau.

"Desert. Gaba daya ba tare da wani ciyayi - a yashi dutse "- don haka ya bayyana wadannan wurare shahara Ukrainian mawãƙi Taras Grigorevich Shevchenko. Lalle ne, yanayi ne sharply nahiyar da kuma ne musamman bushe, da waɗansu kõguna da perennial watercourse kusan m. A gida yankin ne mai arziki a duniya da tsuntsãye, to, wanda akwai fiye da akwai daruruwan daban-daban iri iri.

Mangyshlak Filato shi ne mai arziki a cikin albarkatun ma'adinai. Akwai adibas na man fetur, jan, manganese tama, rock crystal da dutse phosphate. Mangyshlak ma da yawa daga kafofin warkar ma'adinai ruwa: chloride, bromide da sodium.

A mafi ban sha'awa tudu Mangyshlak? Ba a ma maganar gaskiya cewa a da gabashin iyakar kafa musamman Karagiye - mafi zurfi a Kazakhstan, kuma daya daga cikin mafi zurfi a duniya. An located a 132 mita kasa teku matakin.

Caspian mawuyacin

A kan dutsen jeri, tuddanta, matakan da hamadar Kazakhstan, mun riga gaya. Amma da bayanin da taimako na wannan kasa ba zai zama cikakken ba tare da wani ya ambaci da most filayen kwari.

Caspian mawuyacin - wata babbar yanki a yankin na 200 dubu murabba'in kilomita (wajen guda yanki bautar da Jamhuriyar Belarus). Yana aka kẽwayesu da arewacin Caspian Sea. A wannan yanayin, da arewa da iyaka kwaruruka tuddai Common Syrt, kuma daga yamma - da Ural da Ustyurt tudu. Kwaruruka yana da siffar ma santsi surface, dan kadan karkata zuwa ga Caspian Sea. A cikakkar tsawo na ta kewayo daga -30 zuwa 150 mita saman teku matakin.

Caspian kwaruruka haye kwarin biyar waɗansu kõguna: da Volga, Ural, Emba, Terek da kuma. A cikin filayen kwarinta - mai yawa m tabkuna, daga abin da gishiri da aka mined rayayye.

A sauyin yanayi ne sharply nahiyar da kuma bushe, zafi iskõki ne m. A arewacin filayen kwari girma abinci mai ɗaci-ciyawa steppe, kuma a kudu aka mamaye hamada da kuma Semi-hamada shimfidar. Sau da yawa akwai gishiri licks da gishiri Marshes. Yan unguwa amfani da Caspian filayen kwari a matsayin wata babbar makiyaya. Yana kuma tasowa Kayan lambu da kuma Melons.

The girma ganiya a Kazakhstan

Khan Tengri - nuna pyramidal ganiya na Tien Shan, tsororuwar a Kazakhstan. A cikakkar tsawo daga duwãtsu - 6995 mita, tare da wani ra'ayi na kankara harsashi - 7010 mita.

Bisa ga ƙa'ida Dutsen Khan-Tengri ne a tsaka-tsaki na kasashen uku: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan da kuma China - haka NUNA da zaman lafiya da aminci tsakanin kasashen uku. A farko a cikin tarihin wannan dutsen masu hawa nasara Soviet Mikhail Pogrebetskiy Boris Tyurin da Franz Zauberer. Wannan ya faru a shekarar 1931. The kungiyar da aka kyau da dauke da makamai a hali na hari Basmachi - ƙungiyõyinsu a gabãninsu suka yi yaƙi da Soviets a Asiya ta tsakiya.

6 ban sha'awa abubuwa game da saman Khan Tengri:

• a ganiya akwai wani biyu sunan - Blood Mountain (saboda da manyan yawan hawa da suka mutu yayin da hawa kan shi).
• a yau akwai 25 daban-daban hanyoyi, wanda za ka iya hawa zuwa saman.
• a saman binne musamman kwantena a cikin abin da duk masu hawa bar su shawarwari bin da nasara;
• san mai hawan duwatsu Anatoly Bukreyev mai suna wannan ganiya mafi kyau a duniya.
• a 2002, a Kyrgyzstan bayar a banknote na 100 soms da image na ganiya.
• rikodin ga mafi ascents na Khan Tengri ne mai hawan duwatsu Gleb Sokolov daga Novosibirsk, wanda ya tashi zuwa saman 34 sau!