Julia Dobrovol'skaya: biography, ayyuka da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Dobrovol'skaya Julia Abramovna yadu da aka sani a pedagogical da kuma kimiyya da'irori. Its abin yabo shi ne halittar duniya mafi kyau Italian harshen littafi, mafi m kamus: Rasha-Italian da Italian-Rasha.

Yana da ransa ya dauki mai yawa fina-finai, littattafai, articles, sanar da m dalibai. Farfesa Milan, Trieste, Trent University Dobrovol'skaya yi fiye da kowa ~ aka da Rasha harshen a Italiya. Fiye da sau daya da Italian gwamnatin ta bayar da ta kyaututtuka a filin na al'ada.

Yara, samartaka

25/08/1917 a Nizhny Novgorod a cikin iyali na da wani forester aka haife nan gaba masanin kimiyya-masanin ilimin harsuna Julia Dobrovol'skaya. Biography ta a lokacin samartaka alama da iyali koma arewacin babban birnin kasar. Mahaifinta ya tafi aiki a Birnin Leningrad, ya samar da tanadi, da kuma mahaifiyata - wani malamin Turanci.

Bayan makaranta, yarinyar da a zabi na sana'a ne a kan mahaifiyarka zambiyõyin, shigar da Faculty of LIFLI. Tare da malamai Julia immensely sa'a: duniya shahara masanin kimiyya Propp V. Ya fundamentally sanar da dalibai ba kawai Jamus harshe, da kuma bayani game da yadda wannan ma'ana harshe.

Har zuwa karshen rayuwarsa Abramovna Julia ya gõde Vladimiru Yakovlevichu sanar da ta da kayan yau da kullum na art - ya zama wani polyglot. A nan gaba, ta amfani da samu ilmi kaya Julia Dobrovol'skaya iya Master kusan dukan nasu na asali Turai harsuna.

Brilliant ilimi ba Yunƙurin zuwa asar, sai murna: nan gaba ya m Komsomol "gidãje a cikin iska."

Ta tilasta wa shiga

Na karanta ta biography iya bayyana tarayya, tare da kirtani Vladimira Vysotskogo: "Snow free na datti a matsayin dogon rayuwa ba tare da ƙarya ...".

Ta ya gani irin dusar ƙanƙara a kewayen birni sansanin. Kuma kafin cewa, ta cajin da baseless lura da cin amanar kasa (art. 58-1 "a") cewa zai in ba haka ba za a harbe ko shekaru 15 a kurkuku. Julia Dobrovol'skaya, duk da matsin lamba, ya tsira kuma ya ba a gane hõre ta laifi.

Wannan mace bai mika wa abin da tilasta yin aiki da matakan da aka amfani da su ta azabtarwan a lokacin farin ciki-walled kurkuku. Daya kawai jumlar takaici tare da bakin Hannatu: "Za ka iya kawai tunanin: Lubyanka, Lefortovo, Butyrka ..."

Bayan ya kasa yunkurin rushe, ta aika zuwa hovrinsky sansanin. "Memory" na waɗanda sau a rayuwar ta zauna da rashin iyawa to da yara a sakamakon naƙudarta.

Nufin mai shekaru 28 da haihuwa mace da aka saki a karkashin wani afuwa a shekara ta 1945.

Dobrovol'skaya game da Stalin mishaneri a Spain

Ta zama m bayan wani "tafiya" to Spain.

Komsomolskaya Yuliya Dobrovolskaya karɓa kira zuwa "mutumin a cikin fararen kaya," tafsirai dauka ya shiga wajen taimakawa yan jam'iyyar Republican. Amma a cikin shekaru uku ta gane abin da Stalin aika 30,000 soja da kuma enkavedeshnyh kwararru.

"Internationalists" tare da wani soja hali, aiki a matsayin mai bayar da shawara, ba wai kawai a cikin m kungiyoyin na 'yan jam'iyyar Republican, amma kuma tuntuba cikin sauri don ƙirƙirar wani analogue na NKVD. Cervantes mahaifarsa shirya don zama kasar partocracy. Na gida kwaminis "Mutane ta Front" baƙi sanya misãlin Bolshevik commissars.

Wadanda expropriated zaman kansa dukiya, aikatã game da ta nasu countrymen. Katolika Spain a kan tilas yi kokari ta juya zuwa cikin wadanda basu yarda, ya hura tashi da coci da kuma kashe firistocin. Events ci gaba da Stalin ta labarin "aji gwagwarmaya."

Wayar da kan jama'a na laifi kafin Spain

The yawan samu ziyartar su data "gwarazansa" kamar yadda fascists ya ga ayyukansu, tashi sama da su tallafawa soja mutinied. A musamman, da kuma "Spanish Chapaev" (a baya horar a Frunze Academy, daya Yulii Abramovny Valentin Gonzalez) zo ga ƙarshe game da kama fascists tsarinsu.

The kudin na miliyoyin rayuka da Spanish yan Republican suka ci, da kuma "internationalists" kõrarre. Julia Dobrovol'skaya dawo gida, ya ce kome ba game da abin da ya gani da kuma dandana.

Ta yi abokai daga cikin mutane tare da drive, sa'an nan disillusioned tare da Tarayyar Soviet. Yarinya-fassara wani m mutum (evidenced da ta kama a cikin labari "na wanda Bell Tolls" da Ernest Hemingway).

Babu shakka, repressed Back a cikin Tarayyar Soviet matasa mace "a gaba, kuma kamar idan": daga tsõro dõmin ta rubuta game da Spanish yaki a yammacin kafofin watsa labarai, ko aikata wani abu kamar haka ba.

Bayan shekaru 40, a fassara zai zama a Barcelona, kuma shi zai sauko kashe jirgin sama tare da nauyi zuciya, jin kunya ga manufa na matasa.

taimaka wajen tsira

Tuna Julia Abramovna, ta sunã madawwama karkiyar, abu mafi muhimmanci shi ne ba embittered, ba a daina ganin mai kyau a cikin mutane. Ta bi wannan mulkin, lura, haddacen, da kuma godiya ga mutanen da suka aikata ayyukan ƙwarai a cikin kira na rai. Duk da haka, daga gare su, da shi ne musamman gõdiya zuwa:

• ta farko miji nagari Dobrovolskomu Evgeniyu Aleksandrovichu, nomenklatura, zhenivshemusya zuwa "zechke" da kuma sadakar da sana'arsu.
• m hovrinskogo-sansanin factory Mikhailov, tsara ta fassara.
• m-masu gashi, na fata shugaban 'yan sandan, a naka kasadar batun ta da wani fasfo maimakon takardar shaidar na release.

Ka faɗa mini ke your friends ne ...

Wannan tsoho Roman karin maganar da ya tsaya da gwajin lokaci. Shekaru masu yawa na aminci daure Yuliyu Dobrovolskuyu da yawa na kirki da kuma ban mamaki mutane:

• fursuna na Gulag, wani mutum rajin kare hakkin dan, wallafe-wallafen zargi Lev murkushewa.
• mawãƙi, fassara, 'yar jarida Korney Chukovsky.
• publicist, fassara, mawãƙi, 'yar jarida Iley Erenburgom.
• Kampessino (Valentinom Gonsalesom) jamhuriyar kwamandan baya repressed.
• Italian yara marubuci Gianni Rodari bayar da labarun baka.
• fenta Renato Guttuso.
• MSU Farfesa Merab Mamardashvili.
• marubuci Ninoy Berberovoy, matar Vladislava Hodasevicha.

Personal rai

Julia Dobrovol'skaya bayan da a saki na waje harsuna sanar a Moscow Cibiyar daga shekarar 1946 zuwa 1950. Ta aka tsunduma a cikin koyarwa da kuma translation aiki.

M da akida da shi ya m ga propartiynyh manipulators. Don jĩfar shi nan da nan samu. Da zarar Julia Abramovna fassara labarin na Katolika ciki. Malami da kuma fassara cikakken goguwa da " 'yancin tunani a cikin Soviet format."

Ta aka kora daga aiki. A matsa lamba da aka karfi da cewa ta farko mijinta Evgeny Dobrovolsky bar ta.

Duk da haka, Julia Dobrovolskaya gudanar bayan da hujjar tabbatar da yanayin da za a samu wani aiki a MGIMO. Akwai, ta kula zama shugaban sashen na harsunan Rum Gonionskiy S. A. sũ, sun kasance aure. Matarsa, Semyon Alexandrovich wani real ƙarfafawa da kuma goyon baya. Saboda rashin lafiya Dobrovol'skaya miji goma sha tara shekara bazawara.

sana'a zama

Dalilin da tashi daga Tarayyar Soviet farfesa ya zama wani aikin hukuma ban a kan samu na ta kasa da kasa da kyautar.

A shekarar 1964, ya gama aikin da ya almara littafi Julia Dobrovol'skaya "Practical Course na Italian harshe." Af, har yanzu (ga rabin karni), wannan amfani ne da wani tushe ga dalibai-philologists. Domin wannan aiki, a gane classic, a shekarar 1970 da Italian gwamnatin bayar da MGIMO malami Yuliyu Abramovnu kasa lambar yabo ga nasarorin a fagen al'adu.

Duk da haka, da Soviet, hukuma ba ta ba da damar ta ta tafi kasar waje don sãka. Julia Dobrovol'skaya, fassara daga ko'ina cikin duniya, na ji kamar wani saurayi makale a cikin ganuwar da casemates. Yana gaske, ana sa ran cewa da faduwar shugaban jini gwamnatin, da kuma tare da isowa narke cikin 60 zai karshe a iya yin aiki da yardar kaina, mai zafi ruɓushi. Farfesa gane cewa ya ba da institute ta burokrasi, ta ciyawa - shi ke ɓatawa da tsarin.

More yin gwaje-gwajen a kan wani Abramovna Julia iya ba. A shekarar 1982, ta shiga cikin wani aure da wani Italian jama'a da kuma bar kasar. Wannan taimaka mata Milanese aboki Emmy Moresco, wanda ya tambaye wata ni'ima wa aboki Ugo Dzhussani.

"The malamin rayuwa"

Barin zuwa Italiya daga Tarayyar Soviet, Dobrovol'skaya Julia ne har yanzu wannan, "malamin": shi ne ko da yaushe kewaye da teku na dalibai da tambayoyi. Ta gaya koyar da shawarar. Ya yi aiki cikin fushi, duk da shekaru 65 da haihuwa.

Yana da haka ya faru da cewa suna na Soviet furofesoshi nan yana nufin kadan ko gida masana ilimin harsuna da suka yi mamakin sararin Rasha malamin ilimi. Julia Abramovna son ce cewa ta na da ba wanda ya ba. Shekara bakwai daga baya, ta zama farfesa kuma a Italiya. Ta doctoral rubutun ya da wani taron domin kimiyya al'umma na kasar.

Dobrovol'skaya ko da yaushe ji wani babban wakilin al'ada - Rasha. Ta halarci littafin na fassara littattafai da ta cikin gida litattafansu. Italiya ganin darajarsa "Rasha malami": da marubuci Marcello Venturi gaya game da shi a littafinsa "Gorky Street, 8, Apartment 106". (Zarar kan wani lokaci shi ne ta gida adireshin).

Sau da yawa a gaban ta Italian dalibai sun hawaye a lokacin da, a kan bukatar, kuma ya gaya mana game da ita rayuwa Julia Dobrovol'skaya. Biography fassara da kuma malamin ya yi kama da wani kasada labari: "Ta yaya ake ta ka gaske ya jimre?! Bayan ta mutuwa, jami'a abokan aiki gane game da 2016, da cewa aikinta ne isasshen kimiyya abin yabo daga wata tawagar ?.

Yana kawai don haka ya faru da cewa kasashen biyu, al'adu biyu, al'ummun biyu suna nuna a cikin wuya rabo na wannan mace.

ƙarshe

Bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, shi ya sha nanata zo gida bisa ga yarda bada tambayoyi.

A ƙarshen ya wuya rayuwa epistolary memory compatriots bar Julia Dobrovol'skaya. Books koyar Italian-Rasha, fitowa ta alkalami, suna goyon bayan da wani tarin sada «Post Scriptum. Maimakon memoirs. "

Malam, fassara daga ko'ina cikin duniya shi ne da gaske kuma sirri tattaunawar hanya gaya masu karatu game da duniya, inda ta kasance, game da su tunani da kuma juyayinsu game da abokai.
Bayan ta mutuwa, wadanda suka san ta amince da a ra'ayi cewa, bayan ta tashi bar wõfintattu ra'ayi na faɗi. All ta yi ta yi, duk gaya, duk rubuta.