Kamar yadda na ninka fern. Yadda za a propagate ferns Vyatka gandun daji

Fern. Wannan inji m jita-jita a sakamakon ikon sihiri. An yi imani da cewa sau ɗaya a shekara, a kan dare na Ivan Kupala, za ka iya ganin yadda wannan shuka blooms. To, idan za ka iya samun kuma karba a flower fern - cewa za su fahimci harshen dabbobi da tsuntsaye, zai kai ga clairvoyance da za ka san inda taska tãsu.

Abin baƙin ciki, flowering fern mai yiwuwa ne kawai a Legends, kuma tatsuniyoyi. A gaskiya ma, ferns haifa ta hanyar spores kuma ba Bloom abada. Shin cewa mu halittar jini, masana kimiyya za su iya haye wani fure ko wasu flower tare da ferns da kuma kawo wani sabon shuka iri-iri, riga aka bai da ikon Bloom. Wannan lokacin daidai cika annabcin - wani mutum da gaske ta bayyana harshe na shuke-shuke, da kuma zai sãmi ne mafi girma taskar dabi'u. A gaskiya, shi ne, ba su nemi da bukatar. Treasure binne shi a kanmu - shi ne na ilmi da so daga mutãne san dokokin yanayi da kuma rayuwa.

Fern - mafi tsufa shuka a duniya

Ferns a Duniya wanzu miliyan 40 da suka wuce. Hakika, da farko sun kasance sosai daban-daban daga baya ci gaba da kofe, ana yanzu girma a kan mu blue duniya. Ancient ferns sun babbar masu girma dabam da kuma kama mafi on itatuwa fiye da a kan shuke-shuke. Amma yanzu, jinsin da cewa muna kira ferns, don haka bambancin, da ta sa su ne kawai da siffar da takardar kuma Hanyar haifuwa. Yau, botanists, masana kimiyya da fiye da dubu 10 jinsunan m shuke-shuke.

Yankin ne babbar girma na ferns. Mai jinsunan fi son gandun daji da kuma marshland. Wasu jinsunan shuke-shuke da ake samu a cikin duwatsu, inda su Tushen ana clinging ga wani dutse crevice. Akwai ferns cewa zai iya tsira a m Hamada.

Akwai kuma wadanda cewa girma dama a kan itatuwa. A kan irin wannan dogon lokaci na shuke-shuke sun saba da rayuwa a cikin mafi matsananci yanayi.

Ta yaya ne haifuwa na shuke-shuke a cikin yanayi

Don koyon yadda za fern mayar da shi wajibi ne don la'akari da ganye a karkashin wani hange.

Idan ka duba a hankali, kasa na takardar za ka iya ganin bumps cikin sahu na duhu launi. Su ne kananan sacs a cikin abin da girma spores. Tare da spores da kuma riɓanya ta kiyaye tun zamanin da shuka. Yanzu ka san yadda da fern sãke. Dubi wannan shuka, samar da mai tushe, a yanayi ba shi yiwuwa - da shi wanzu ne kawai a jama'a tãtsũniyõyin.

Bracken fern

Sunan "Bracken," a cikin wannan nau'in na ferns ne ba ta hanyar kwatsam - shi ne ma kama da ganye a kan wata babbar gaggafa ta fuka-fuki. Bracken ganye iya isa har zuwa 1.5 m, a fadi da 1 mita tsawo. A shuka yana da magani abubuwa domin kiwon lafiya - shi ya ƙunshi catechins, flavonoids, phytosterols, carotene, riboflavin da niacin. Saboda haka, an yadu amfani da dafa abinci da kuma magunguna.

So su san yadda za ninka Bracken fern girma shi a gida? A mafi sauki hanyar yin wannan vegetatively - by digging ko ta hanyar sayen mai shuka da bakin ciki amarya rhizomes. Domin dasawa ne mafi m, a farkon spring, amma mai kyau zai iya daukar tushen da kuma fern, transplanted a lokacin rani marigayi.

Har ila yau Bracken ferns haifa ta hanyar spores. Su maturation wajibi ne a karshen Yuli farkon watan Satumba. A wannan lokaci za ka iya kokarin su yi jãyayya obtrusit adult shuke-shuke, da kuma watsa su a cikin wani damp wuri a kan shafin.

Bracken fern unpretentious a kula - ba ya bukatar barbarar, sauki ga jure wa frosts da rashin danshi.

Sanin yadda za Bracken fern mayar da shi za a iya sauƙi girma a kan lambu mãkirci. A shuka ne sosai na ado, unpretentious kuma yana da ikon girma cikin sauri, da kuma wannan ya yi nasara da zukatan lambu.

Yadda za a propagate ferns Vyatka gandun daji

Vyatskie gandun daji. Nature nan ne don haka primeval da kuma kadan karatu, cewa, bisa ga yan unguwa, can an same "Bigfoot." Musamman m ba a shafi noma noma hagu banki na da Vyatka River, inda kasarta ne shagaltar da floodplain natsuwa da gandun daji. A ciyawa bangon wannan yanki na ƙasar Multi-tiered da quite bambance bambancen. Ba na karshe wuri shi ne da mulkin da kuma ferns.

Mafi sau da yawa a cikin Vyatka gandun daji akwai irin wannan nau'i na fern kamar yadda Dryopteris, athyrium da Pteridium aquilinum.

A ƙasar da kullum m ƙasa sami dukan fern fir. Yana da ban mamaki yadda ferns haifa Vyatka gandun daji: m fern ganye suna haɗe zuwa spruce gandun daji da kuma girma ba tare da ya ko taɓa ƙasa. Wannan shi ne musamman mai spectacle a cikin kaka, lokacin da ganyen wani fern a kan wani bango na rawaya da kore fir samar da wata fanciful yadin da aka saka saka yanayi.

Hanyar na yaduwa daga ferns

By ferns ne ba kawai ferns. Wannan rukuni na shuke-shuke hada da mafi horsetail da lycopsids jinsunan. Azahiri, su ne muhimmanci daban-daban daga juna, amma duk da vegetative gabobin: mafaka (ganye da kuma mai tushe) da kuma tushen. Su suna da ha ta gaskiya cewa ferns, horsetails da kuma kulob din mosses haifa vegetatively, spores da kuma jima'i hanya.

Idan haifuwa ta hanyar vegetative wajen da kuma spores saba da m, da jima'i Hanyar shuka yaduwa da aka sani ba ga kowa da kowa. A ci gaba da sake zagayowar ferns faruwa: daga jima'i asexual tsara tsiro sama, wanda a nuna rãyar da jima'i tsara.

Asexual tsara ne mai iko shuka tare da feathery ganye raya, da kuma jima'i - kananan prothallia, data kasance kawai na wani dan gajeren lokaci. Moss da horsetail ninka guda kamar yadda fern mayar: asexual da kuma m hanya.

Asexual tsara ferns

Ferns - wata babbar spore shuke-shuke girma, yafi a cikin m shaded yankunan. Bã su da ganye, mai tushe, da asalinsu. A tushe na ferns, horsetails da gansakuka ne na musamman conductive masana'anta, reminiscent na tasoshin.

Asexual tsara - Lokacin da wani sporophyte ne leafy shuka cewa a cikin na musamman gabobin located a ganye (sporangia), spores suna kafa. Y kuma horsetail lycopodium spores girma cikin peculiar spikelets kafa a tukwici na harbe, y fern - a pouches zubar a kan Reverse gefen takardar.

Jima'i tsara ferns

Da zarar a sharadi gwargwado, da spores girma ta samar da zarostok - kananan shuka wanda yake shi ne jima'i tsara, da ake kira gametophyte. Zarostok yana da kadan kore farantin form, kai 1 cm a diamita. A cikin ƙananan part akwai prothallia rhizoids, ta hanyar abin da wani kankanin shuka da aka saka a cikin ƙasa. A prothallia kafa namiji da mace jima'i gabobin (da archegonium antheridia) a cikin abin da qwai da kuma maniyyi ana ci gaba. Tun zarostok tam guga man da ƙasa, sa'an nan makale a ƙasa da saukad da na yi raɓa ko ruwan sama. Domin wannan ruwa maniyyi "iyo" da qwai. Tare da su ci hadi faruwa, da kuma daga cikin sakamakon zygote sa'an nan tasowa a sabon shuka, wanda nan da nan samu ci gaba, ya zama mai iko fern.