Kazakhstan: da ragewar darajar kuɗi na tenge da kuma tattalin arziki. Ragewar darajar kuɗi a Kazakhstan: facts, tarihi, hasashen da sakamakon

KZT - kasa kudin na Kazakhstan. An gabatar a watan Nuwamba 1993, jim kadan bayan samun da jihar ta samu 'yancin kai. Kazakhstan, da ragewar darajar kuɗi na wanda quite m, shi ne har yanzu dauke daya daga cikin mafi nasara post-Soviet jihohi. A monetary tsarin da aka dauka a matsayin abin koyi a sauran iko.

Sunan da symbolism

A kasa kudin na Kazakhstan - shi tenge. An suna bayan da kananan Turkish tsabar kudi. Dengue sun azurfa. Kuma sunan da aka samu daga sunan Rasha tsabar kudi. Polkopeyki kira kudi. A watan Nuwamba, 2006, Kazakhstan, ragewar darajar kuɗi wanda ya ƙare sake gudanar da gasar da a kan alama ce tenge. Na 30 000 ayyukan zabi daya zane. Its mawallafa sun Sanzher Amerhanov da Vadim Davydenko. Domin aikinsa, suka samu miliyan daya tenge. A karkashin tsohon kudi na game da dubu takwas daloli. The adadin biya, da National Bank of Kazakhstan. Ƙarin biyar dala dubu da aka ba wa nasara kasuwanci kasafin kudi jam'iyya "Alliance". Duk da haka, manyan-sikelin abin kunya ya barke bayan buga da aiki. Sai ya juya daga cewa hoto ne ba daban-daban daga cikin halin akwatin gidan sabis a Japan. Kuma ya riga fiye da 120 da shekaru!

summary

Domin amsa tambayoyi a kan yadda za a ci gaba Kazakhstan, idan ragewar darajar kuɗi na tenge zai kasance, wanda dole ne farko koyi yadda za a daidaita wannan jiha. Tenge da aka gabatar daga baya, mafi yawan sabon kasa ago na post-Soviet sarari. wani rukuni na zane-zane don ƙirƙirar da banknote aka halitta a shekara ta 1991. Shi ne kawai a watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1993, shugaban umurnin a gabatarwar da kansa kasa kudin. Da farko, da kudi na tenge ga Soviet ruble ne daidai da 1 ga 500. A 1995, nasu factory domin samar da banknotes da aka bude a Kazakhstan. Kafin wannan, da tsabar kudi da aka minted a Jamus, kuma Notes - a Birtaniya. To wannan shi ne riga kai tsaye tsunduma kansa Kazakhstan.

Tarihi na matsalolin

A ragewar darajar kuɗi da ya faru a watan Afrilu 1999. National Bank ya rage cikin kudi na kasa kudin da 64%. Na biyu rikicin ya faru a cikin shekaru 10. Kazakhstan devalued, na biyu a jere. da dollar ya tashi zuwa 25 tenge. A 2014, akwai wani na uku ragewar darajar kuɗi na tenge a Kazakhstan. Rate na kasa kudin rage ta daya cikin biyar, ko 20%. Amma wannan mataki yana da bai isa ba. A lokacin rani na shekara ta 2015 shi ne na karshe ragewar darajar kuɗi a Kazakhstan. Ta tenge depreciated ta fiye da 35%. A watan Nuwamba na wannan shekara akwai wani lissafin a wurare dabam dabam a cikin ƙungiyõyi 20,000.

National tattalin arzikin: Basic Information

Kazakhstan ta tattalin arzikin shi ne mafi girma a Asiya ta tsakiya. A tsohon Tarayyar Soviet ne na biyu ne kawai zuwa Rasha. Bayan shekara ta 2010, da Kazakhstan, da ragewar darajar kuɗi na wanda ya rigaya an da za'ayi a shekara, shi ne wani aiki memba na Kwastan Union EAEC. GDP da capita a sayen ikon parity amounted zuwa 24 dubu dalar Amurka. A 2014, da ci gaban wannan nuna alama ya 4.3%. Zaki ya share na GDP samar da wani abin wuya (57%) kuma masana'antu (38%). Babban rassan - shi ne mai da iskar gas, uranium, kwal, ferrous da kuma wadanda ba ferrous karafa. injiniyan inji; yi; da abinci kansu. Aikawa a 2013 amounted zuwa 83 dalar Amurka biliyan. Its main labarin - shi ne mai Irinta. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa a shekarar 2015 kimanta a kananan karuwa a GDP. Idan muka magana game da ragewar darajar kuɗi a Kazakhstan, da digo a man farashin zai iya zama babban dalilin da zagaye na gaba. Jihar wajibi ne 12% na} asashensu.

Prices bayan da ragewar darajar kuɗi a Kazakhstan

Ana zargin matsaloli a tattalin arzikin ko da yaushe take kaiwa zuwa wani karu a cikin juz'i na yi aiki mutane da dama, wanda rage su sayen ikon. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa gaskiyar cewa dukiya farashin a Kazakhstan bayan da ragewar darajar kuɗi suna fadowa cikin sauri. Bayan da aka kafa a iyo musayar kudi na tenge a lokacin rani na 2015 da kudin da gidaje ya ragu da 10%. Duk da masana nace a kan abu daya: jihar kamata ci gaba da taimakon shirye-shirye zuwa ga jama'a. Bukatar kamata ta da wadata. Amma a cikin wani rikicin ya haifar da wani halin da ake ciki iya kawai jiha baki.

Details na events

Don kwanan wata, kasar dandana hudu, saukarwa daga cikin rikicin. A farko ragewar darajar kuɗi na tenge a Kazakhstan ya faru a watan Afrilu 1999. Yana devalued da kudin da fiye da 60%. Na biyu ragewar darajar kuɗi faru a shekara ta 2009. National Bank ta management ba ya amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na rike kudin. Tattalinsu sun yanke shawarar ci gaba, da kuma musayar kudi don daidaita. The uku ragewar darajar kuɗi da aka lura a Fabrairu 2014. Haka ya faru a kan bango na kaifi Jump a cikin dollar da Yuro idan aka kwatanta da kasa ago na post-Soviet kasashen. A Kazakhstan corridor hawa da sauka tenge an kafa (185 +/- 3 ga $ 1). A mutane da aka taka rawar gani ba tare da wannan shawarar. Tun da farko a wannan shekara, gwamnati da National Bank ya sanya kowane kokarin shawo mutane cewa ragewar darajar kuɗi ba zai faru. Bayan wani zagaye na kudin depreciation dakatar da aikin exchangers da yawa online Stores. zanga-zanga a gaban National Bank kuma fara, kuma online ro a tattara sa hannu a cikin ni'imar Nazarbayev ya yi murabus daga shugabancin. Duk da haka, bayan da aka kama da dama dozin masu zanga-zanga duk da tashin hankali da sauri ƙare.

Will ragewar darajar kuɗi a Kazakhstan

Ga wasu lokaci bayan gudanar da gangamin hunturu na 2014 duk kuwa ya sami salama. Duk da haka, a watan Agusta 2015, akwai wani sabon mataki ragewar darajar kuɗi. The National Bank of Kazakhstan tenge saki zuwa taso kan ruwa da yardar kaina. Babban dalilin da bukatar wannan mataki - fall na ruble. Kazakh firaministan kasar da zarar ya bayyana cewa, wannan yunkurin ne da nufin rike da masana'antu. New kasuwar musayar kudi na tenge, bisa ga shi, zai haifar da yanayi na maido da ci gaban tattalin arziki da rage hauhawar farashin kaya da kuma samar da karin guraben ayyukan yi. Amma ko da ragewar darajar kuɗi zai ci gaba a Kazakhstan? Hasashen rashin alheri bayyana m. GDP girma ana sa ran isa 1.3% a shekara ta 2016, wanda shi ne 5 sau kasa da matsakaita matakin a shekaru 5.

bashin waje

Bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, Rasha ya dauka a kan kanta da wajibi don biya waje bashi. Wasu ƙasashe sun samu damar fara daga karce. Duk da haka, a watan Maris na 2011 Kazakhstan ta bashi amounted zuwa 124 dalar Amurka biliyan. Game 6% na adadin - wannan shi ne jihar aro. A karshen shekara ta 2008, ya ce bashi ne game da 112 biliyan yanzu ya girma -. 150 dalar Amurka biliyan. Wannan yana nufin cewa kowane dan kasa (ciki har da jariri jariran) asusu domin $ 8761 a kasashen waje aro.

kudi tsarin

A 1998, Kazakhstan ya samu nasarar wuce kudi garambawul. The National Asusun aka kafa don tabbatar da ci gaba mai dorewa. Ya burin - don rage dogaro da ke jihar a waje dalilai. 38 bankuna aiki a kasar. Jihar dukiya sun mayar da hankali a gudanar "Samruk-Kazyna". Yana goyon bayan harkokin kasuwanci, buying, idan ya cancanta, su dukiya da kuma haifar da rassa. A lokacin rani na 2015 da hukumomin yanke shawarar watsi da kudin band tenge da kuma matsa zuwa wani siyasa na kumbura niyya. Shugaba Nursultan Nazarbayev ya ce zai yi kokarin madadinsa na halitta mutane suke masu adibas ta tanadi manufa a cikin "Zhilstroysberbank". A karshe ingirci domin tattalin arzikin na Kazakhstan ya weakening na yuan. Hukumomin gwamnati dogon tunani da bukatar dattako da musayar kudi na tenge amfani reserves. Duk da haka, a watan Agusta 2015 an yanke shawarar komawa zuwa iyo kudi. Yana shafa shi da wani m drop of man fetur. Deflationary tsammanin a kasar ne har yanzu sosai high, amma da tashin hankali ba tukuna. Manazarta ce cewa mutane babbaka kudin, da kuma wasu kamfanoni sun dakatar da ayyukan. Nursultan Nazarbayev ya bayyana cewa, hauhawar farashin kaya niyya - shi ne mai zama dole gwargwado, amma zabi ba da.

A sakamakon matsalar kudi shekaru 2007-2010

Daga cikin dukkan kasashen na Asiya ta tsakiya, mun duba yiwuwar jihar mafi batutuwa a cikin kasa da kasa da tattalin arziki a tsakaninsu. Saboda haka, rikicin kudi na duniya, da kuma samu mafi girma gani a nan. Bugu da kari, Kazakhstan fitar da kaya raw kayan. Shi ne sosai dogara a kan farashin man fetur da kuma Kalam a kasuwannin duniya. Underdevelopment na kasuwar jari a kasar ya haddasa wani karu a dukiya farashin. Sa'an nan kudi kumfa fashe, duk da hasashen daga cikin manyan al'ada Kazakhstani kwararru.

cinikayya kansu

Traditional abokan na Kazakhstan - CIS da Baltic kasashen. Su asusu na kan 60% na fitarwa da kuma shigowa da. A shekarar 2013, kasashen waje cinikayya amounted zuwa 132 dalar Amurka biliyan. Babban abokin - Rasha Federation. Tare da ta Kazakhstan tarihi m dangantakarsu ta hadin gwiwa. Daga kasashen waje da babban abokan na jihar ne irin kasashen: Birtaniya, Jamus, Italiya, Turkey, Amurka, Czech Republic, Switzerland, da Jamhuriyar Korea. Kazakhstan yana kokarin sarrafa ta dangantaka. A jihar ne mai babbar abokin tarayya na India a Asiya ta tsakiya. Growing cinikayya da kuma Rasha Federation. Fiye da shekaru 20 da samun yancin kai, shi ya girma fiye da sau biyu. Tun Yuli 2011, ya fara aiki da Kwastan Union of Kazakhstan, Rasha da kuma Belarus. Masana sun yi hasashen cewa wannan hadewa ƙungiya iya ba da wani karin 15% zuwa GDP.

fitarwa rabo

A total darajar kayan da fitar dashi daga kasar - 82,5 dalar Amurka biliyan. Babban fitarwa masana'antu - shi ne hakar ma'adinai, man, metallurgical da kuma sinadaran masana'antu. A tsarin Marinjãyi feedstock. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa shi ne don haka m tattalin arzikin da Kazakhstan. Man fetur da kuma Kalam dokoki 35% na fitarwa, nonferrous da ferrous karafa - 33%, tama - 12%, hatsi - 9%.

shigo da

Kazakhstan shigo cikin karkararta na raw kayan, kayan aiki, motocin, ma'adinai habaka da kuma kayayyakin abinci. Bayan shekara ta 2002, shigo da aka girma, musamman na ƙãre kayayyakin.

kai

Kazakhstan yana da wani m Gwargwadon wuri. Saboda haka, yana da kyau kai da damar a fannin sufuri na kaya. A shekara ta 2007, Kazakhstan fara gina wani hadin gwiwa tare da kasar Rasha tashar "Eurasia", wanda ya kamata ya gama da Caspian Sea zuwa Azov Sea tasa. A cikin hali na Kazakhstan da aikin amfãnin muhimmanci. Ya samun damar zuwa duniya teku mashigai.

binciken

Tenge ne mafi devalued kasa kudin na Turai. Kamar yadda aka kiyasta na tattalin arziki, shi devalued kusan sau 2 (85.2%). Wannan shi ne yafi saboda waje dalilai, a kan wanda jihar ba zai taba yiyuwa tasiri. Amma a yanzu, wannan halin da ake ciki rinjayar da akan rage kundin na Kazakhstan ta masana'antu. Matsa lamba a kan tattalin arzikin tsokani wani karu a ra'ayi na yuan da ruble, kazalika da kaifi dakushe farashin man. A lokacin, da National Bank of Kazakhstan tenge saki zuwa taso kan ruwa da yardar kaina. Shin halin da ake ciki da irin wannan awo zai ajiye lokaci.

Duk da haka, da tsammanin daga cikin Kazakh hukumomi, da tattalin arziki da halin da ake ciki shi ne kusantar wajen samar da wani mummunan labari. Da firaministan kasar ya bukaci 'yan kasuwa da kuma ko da talakawa} fara daidaita da wa sabon halin da ake ciki. A cikin shekaru biyar, da babba labarin da Kazakhstan ta fitar da kaya (mai, kazalika a Rasha Federation) za a gudanar a cikin sakandare - game 30-50 dalar Amurka kowace ganga. A jihar bukatar ya motsa daga albarkatun kasa fuskantarwa cinikayya. Ga alama ma'ana ci gaba da IT kansu. Har ila yau, akwai mai kyau damar domin cin gaban inji aikin injiniya. Idan gwamnati ke son bunkasa da kuzari, sa'an nan ya bukatar ya sauka da "mai allura". In ba haka ba, Kazakhstan, da ragewar darajar kuɗi na wanda ya riga an lura sau hudu, ya za a tilasta rage darajar kuɗi da kudin a nan gaba.