Kremlin Rostov: hotuna da kuma sake dubawa. Rostov Kremlin Cathedrals

Yana da wuya a kwatanta da zamanin d Rasha birni ba tare da ta Kremlin. Yana da wani tsarin na birane kufaifan da hasumiya, da kufaifan da majami'u. Total a Rasha ne gaba ɗaya kiyaye 14 kremlins, biyar daga wanda aka hada a Duniya Heritage List. Fiye da dozin irin wannan abubuwa kiyaye su a cikin wani ɓaɓɓake.

A ziyartar katin na Rostov (ba za a gauraye da garin Rostov-on-Don) ne a Kremlin Rostov - na musamman da gine-gine a cikin Yaroslavl yankin, wanda shi ne wani ɓangare na Rasha ta Golden Zobe. Shi ke nan game da shi da kuma za a tattauna a wannan labarin.

Museum-ajiye "Rostov Kremlin"

Hotuna da gungu, gabatar a cikin labarin, daidai misalta kyakkyawa da girma na wannan abin tunawa. An located in wani picturesque wuri a kan gaba na Lake Nero. Metropolitan, ko Bishops tsakar gida - da ake magana a kai a matsayin Rostov Kremlin, saboda, a gaskiya, shi ne mazaunar Metropolitan na Rostov diocese.

The gine-gine gungu nasa ne da Monuments na tsaron gida gine-gine, ko da yake yi na Rostov-on-lokaci kagara ba ya da wani dabarun soja darajar. Yau Rostov Kremlin - gidan kayan gargajiya da cewa za ka iya ziyarci kowace rana daga 10 na safe zuwa 17:00. Amma a kan garun yarda ne kawai a lokacin da warmer watanni. Kudin shiga da ajiye Kudinsa 300 rubles domin manya da 180 rubles - yara ko fansho. Lovers of tsoho gine kamata shakka ziyarci Rostov Kremlin. Hotuna kasa suna kawai accentuate duk da girman wannan fice tarihi abin tunawa!

Bayan duk wannan, da gine-gine da kuma iya har yanzu za a kira wani movie star. Saboda haka, wuri ne na sanannen Soviet tef "Ivan Vasilyevich Canje-canje zama" ne kawai Kremlin Rostov.

A tarihin na hadaddun

A tarihin Lardi Kotun na da ban sha'awa, da band ya zazzaga wasu wuya lokacin a cikin tarihinsa. Rostov Kremlin gina a cikin XVII karni na 14 da shekaru - daga 1670 a 1683. Ya shirya don a Littafi Mai Tsarki Canon: a cibiyar - Gonar Adnin ga lake, kewaye da babban ganuwar.

Muhimmanci da kuma m taron domin Kremlin faru a 1787, lokacin da archdiocese an koma Yaroslavl. Bayan haka, Metropolitan kotu a Rostov hankali ragewa. An har zo da aya cewa bishops da aka je wuce shi ga bincike. Abin farin, a karshen cikin XIX karni gine-gine gungu da kudi yan kasuwa da shi aka mayar da. Kuma a 'yan shekaru baya da muka kafa a nan a gidan kayan gargajiya na coci antiquities.

Wani bakin ciki page a cikin tarihi na Rostov Kremlin da ya faru a 1953: da yawa gine-gine na hadaddun aka sa'an nan lalace ta da wani iko babban hadari.

Ga wani mai karko da kuma ƙayayuwa tarihi hanya wuce a Rostov Kremlin. Abin farin, kakanninmu masu iya ajiye shi zuwa yau. Kuma a 2013, Rostov Kremlin shiga saman goma girmamawa "ibãdar Rasha".

A tsarin da hadaddun: Cathedral na Rostov Kremlin

The gine-gine gungu da aka wuce yarda da kyau blended a cikin kewayenta, located a kan gaba na wasan kwaikwayo Lake Nero. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na tarihi hadaddun na 6 majami'u, Samuels jiki, farin da kuma ja bẽne, The Holy Gates, goma sha hasumiya, da sauran gine-gine.

Mun lissafa duk ikilisyoyin Rostov Kremlin:

• Cathedral na ɗauka.
• Church na Mai-Ceto.
• Church of Grigoriya Bogoslova.
• Ioanna Bogoslova coci.
• Hodegetria coci.
• Church of a Tãshin ¡iyãma (Gate).

Church Odigitrii

Wannan shi ne latest da lokaci da gina tsarin da Rostov Kremlin. Haikalin da aka gina a cikin style of Moscow Baroque, a arewa maso yammacin bangare na hadaddun. Daga cikin sauran Ibada na Kremlin Church of Odigitria ne halin da ciwon wani bude baranda a kan bene na biyu. Waje da ganuwar yi wa ado da patterned ado da cewa yana da sakamako na taimako, idan ka dubi tsarin daga nesa.

A ciki da haikalin ne ma musamman: da ciki ana ado da 20 cartouches fentin stucco. A wani lokaci a lokacin da bishop ta kotun ya zama kango, murals da aka buga wuya. Mayar da su kawai a cikin 1912, musamman ga ziyarar Tsar Nicholas II. Sake zane na coci wallafa a farkon na uku Millennium. Yau a cikin coci na Odigitria aka located daya daga cikin gidajen tarihi.

Church na mai ceto

A 1675 a cikin Rostov Kremlin tãyar da haikali na mai ceto. Its main bambanci daga wasu - shi ne gaban vosmiskatnogo cover a cikin zane na coci. Ta sãmi ciki ado na Haikalin: gidan kashe ahu, da goyan bayan gilded ginshiƙai. Church ganuwar suna yi wa ado da kyau zane-zane, kashe a wannan 1675. Haikalin Ruhu Mai-Ceto da aka sabunta da kuma mayar da sau biyu: na farko - a karshen cikin XIX karni, da kuma na biyu - a karshen karni na ashirin da.

A tsakiyar Dome na Haikalin aka yi wa ado da ban mamaki zanen, da ake kira "Fatherland." Yana siffanta shida malaiku annabci littattafan da arches ado da babban events Bishara. A yamma bango na gidan ibada ya nuna da "Last iyãma", da kuma a kan wasu ne iconostasis.

Church of Grigoriya Bogoslova

Wannan coci da aka gina a cikin 1670s a kan kafuwar Grigoriev sufi cewa wanzu a wannan wuri kafin. Abin baƙin ciki, da farko ciki na coci ƙone a wuta a 1730. Bayan shi coci ciki Gregory Bogoslova aka sabunta, musamman ta amfani da stucco.

A ƙarshen XIX karni a cikin coci aka sanye take da sabon iconostasis, wanda aka yi wa ado da kyau gilded sassaka.

Church of Ioanna Bogoslova

Daya daga karshe Ibada na Rostov Kremlin, gina a 1683. Masana sun lura cewa wannan coci da aka bambanta da ta ladabi idan aka kwatanta da sauran majami'u na gine-gine. A facades ne kyau yi wa ado da ake halin da mamaki jitu siffofin. Haikali ya samu dama da masifu: biyu gobara (a 1730 da kuma 1758) ƙwarai lalace shi, kuma a 1831 ya rasa rufin saboda da iska mai karfi. Kawai a karshen cikin XIX karni shi ne tsanani tsunduma a cikin maido da wannan gini. Duk da haka, tuni a shekarar 1953, a Rostov shi da wani iko da babban hadari, wanda da coci Ioanna Bogoslova sake buga wuya. Amma, duk da dukan vicissitudes na rayuwa, da coci ya iya ajiye da kuma kawo zuriyarsa.

Gateway Church na iyãma

A 1670 aka gina shi a kan ƙasa da Rostov Kremlin da Church na iyãma. An located sama da Ƙofar, a kan wani babban ginshiki. Church facades ake wuya da rectangular hasumiya, wadda aka dan kadan protruding daga cikin jirgin saman da bango.

Zato Cathedral da belfry

Dormition Cathedral na Rostov Kremlin - shi ne babban monumental gini gungu. Yana da aka gina a 1508-1512 shekaru a wurin inda da magabata. A haikali ne sosai reminiscent na ɗauka Cathedral a birnin Moscow a gine: da biyar-domed, ado a cikin sauki amma daraja siffofin. An gina bulo da fari dutse, jimlar tsawo na babban coci ne 60 mita.

Zato Cathedral aka yi wa ado da wani iri-iri na ado abubuwa: da bangarori, belts da kuma kwance dirka. Saboda wannan haikali ne da kyau sosai da ma'ana ko da a cikin XXI karni, shi ya dubi mai girma.

Nan Kusa akwai mai kararrawa hasumiyar na ɗauka Cathedral, wanda aka gina da yawa daga baya, a karshen da XVII karni. Ta crowning hudu surori. Metropolitan Jonah umurni ga wannan belfry jefa 13 manyan karrarawa, kowanne daga abin da aka kashe tare da sautin. A general, da karrarawa ne iya samar da wani jitu da m Chime. Don kwanan wata, tsira 15 karrarawa a kan belfry na Dormition Cathedral na Rostov Kremlin.

Ya kamata kuma a lura da cewa a shekarar 1991, Dormition Cathedral da belfry aka koma zuwa ga Rasha Orthodox Church.

karrarawa

Karrarawa na Rostov Kremlin cancanci musamman ambatonku. A farko - da episcopal kotu a Rostov - aka jefa a 1682. Yana da aka kira "The Swan" da kuma auna kawai 500 fam (idan aka kwatanta da baya da karrarawa na Kremlin shi ne mai karamin nauyi). a shekara daga baya ta jefa wadannan - "polyeleos", da nauyi na wanda yana da 1000 fam. The biyu karrarawa - sanã'ar a master - Filippa Andreeva.

The most kararrawa na Rostov Kremlin (! Yin la'akari 2000 fam), jefa wani daban-daban master - Flor Terentyev a 1688. Daya kawai shafin auna fiye da ton, don haka dutsen shi da biyu da karfi maza. Duk da haka, da kyau na sauti, bisa ga masana, shi ya yi daidai da a Rostov.

Wani babban kararrawa - "Golodar" - auna 172 fam. Yana da aka yi amfani da kawai a cikin tsawon Lent. Dukan sauran karrarawa na Rostov Kremlin - shi ne gwada da kananan, yin la'akari kasa da 30 fam. Kusan dukkan su sun jefa a cikin XVII karni, masana tarihi ce.

Rostov Kremlin Karrarawa da musamman ringing, da kyau na da a lokaci daya aka yarda Berlioz da Chaliapin. Da zuwan Soviet ikon dukan coci karrarawa aka dakatar. A kararrawa Rostov Kremlin da kuma duk shirya ya halaka. Cetonsu, sai suyi A. V. Lunacharskomu, wanda sa'an nan ya juya ga zama wata mu'ujiza a Rostov kuma ajiye wadannan m Monuments.

ƙarshe

Rostov Kremlin - wani babban abin tunawa na tarihi da kuma gine. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci was na kasar, a shekara janyo hankalin zuwa 200,000 baƙi. A Kremlin a Rostov - shi ne ba wai kawai wata musamman gine da kuma kyau majami'u. Ban mamaki da kuma m, kuma ta mamaki m yanayi ne marinjaya a cikin ƙasa na hadaddun.