Laz-695: bayani dalla-dalla da kuma hotuna. Jeri na Lviv Bus Shuka

Lviv Bus Shuka (Laz) da aka kafa a watan Mayu na shekarar 1945. Cikin shekaru goma, kamfanin ya saki cranes da mota Trailers. Sa'an nan shuka da samar iya aiki da aka fadada. A shekarar 1956 birgima kashe na farko bas iri Laz-695, wani photo na wanda aka gabatar a kan page. Ya gangarawa dogon jerin model na gaba al'amurran da suka shafi. Kowane sabon canji ya inganta da fasaha sigogi da kuma zama mafi dadi fiye da na baya.

"Magirus" da "Mercedes"

A matsayin samfur domin gina Laz-695 sayi amfani da kasashen waje Jamus "Magirus". The inji an yi karatu a lokacin da gaba dayan shekarar 1955, da zane da aka dauke daga ra'ayi na fasaha aikace-aikace a cikin na'ura mai taro a iyakance damar Soviet "mota masana'antu". A lokacin da shiri na Laz-695 bas serial samar da waje, kuma duk waje data aka aro daga "Magirus 'kuma shasi, shasi da ikon shuka tare da watsa dauka daga wani Jamus bas" Mercedes-Benz 321 ". Jamus motoci kudin da Soviet gwamnatin m saboda yamma Motoci rubuta kashe ma da wuri, canza wani sabon daya. "Magirus", "Neoplan" da "Mercedes-Benz" da aka saya da uku daga cikin kuɗin, da kuma tare da dukan motocin sun kasance a m yanayin.

Fara na samarwa

Laz-695 bayani dalla-dalla da aka dauke isasshe abin dogara, kerarre shekara biyu, daga shekarar 1956 zuwa shekarar 1958. Original mota amfani a birane hanyoyi, amma shi nan da nan ya bayyana cewa, da ciki ba ya sadu da bukatun na m zirga-zirgar fasinja, a ciki ya cramped kuma m. Laz-695 fara cruising a kasar hanyoyi, wannan lokaci ya tabbatar da matsayin dadi da kuma azumi m. Its bayanan fasaha da cikakken hadu da manufofin aiki. Bugu da kari, bas tare da yardar takalman yawon shakatawa kungiyar, da mota da aka motsi a hankali, alama ZIL-124 engine aiki kusan shiru. Daga baya Laz-695 bayani dalla-dalla cewa ba ka bukatar da za a inganta bauta Cosmonaut Training Center a Baikonur.

Fasaha da bukatun ga bas sun da ɗan musamman. A 'yan saman jannati suka gusa daga daya module zuwa wani, wadannan pre-jirgin horo shirin, don haka ciki aka rabin Ban daga yau da kullum da kujeru, da kuma a wurin da aka sanya kujeru da irin jirgin sama a kan wanda shi yiwuwa a karya.

Bugu da kari, ciki daga bas an sauƙi tuba zuwa ga bukatun gaggawa likita da sabis. Yana da aka shigar da na'urorin domin sa idanu da janar yanayin jikin mutum: electrocardiographs, tonometer don auna matsa lamba kayan aiki ga mai sauki jini gwajin da kuma more. Irin wannan motocin aiki da wata tawagar likitoci daga mutane uku (a kan model daga cikin saba birane inji).

A Soviet lokaci

Lviv Bus Shuka ci gaba don a samar da abin koyi a daban-daban versions har 2006. The inji an ci gaba da inganta, da kuma bukatar da aka gudanar a wani babban matakin. Bus farashin a cikin Soviet lokaci sun m, kuma shi ya dace masu amfani. Kafin shekarar 1991, da ake kira umarni, da aka rarraba a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, wanda aka rarraba a tsakiya motocin, ciki har da motoci. Biya fasahar sanya ta banki canja wuri, kuma m aiki, tabbatarwa da kuma gyara saboda mota Enterprises.

The shirya tattalin arzikin da Tarayyar Soviet zaci wani phased ci gaban masana'antu na mota, da kuma birni bas a wancan lokacin su ne na farko a jerin bukatar a tattalin arzikin. Wasu fatan aka liƙe a kan Lviv model. Duk da haka, a mota tare da wata biyar-gudun watsa da kuma ci gaba da layuka na kujerun da ba su dace a cikin tsauri yanayin na zirga-zirga. City bas bukatar wani musamman sanye take gida da kuma ikon naúrar, saba da m braking da kuma tsayawa. Al'ada engine, yawanci overheat. A tsawo daga cikin fitarwa model ne ma ba da cikakken daidai da matsayin motsi a cikin birnin.

yunkurin sake raya

New bas zuwan kashe taro line factory Lviv, maimaita sigogi na asali model, kuma m zane canje-canje ba zai yiwu. Design ofishin Laz ya sanya da dama yunkurin canza ciki, amma shi ya fi sauƙi ga ƙirƙirar inji "daga karce", fiye da canza bayani dalla-dalla na data kasance model. Saboda haka, duk sabon bas, kerarre a Lvov, directed yafi a kewayen birni Lines sabis. Kuma a kan birane hanyoyi plied trolleybuses, wanda aka bayar a cikin Lviv Automobile Shuka a shekarar 1963 (a kan tushen da bas jiki).

A farko gyara

A Disamba 1957, samarwa da aka kaddamar bas Laz-695B, an kyautata version na baya model. Da farko shigar a kan inji maimakon wani inji pneumatic actuation (bude kofa). A gefe iska intakes su kwantar da engine, located bayan soke. Jamhuriyar iska ci a cikin nau'i na mai kararrawa sanya a kan rufin. Saboda haka, sanyaya yadda ya dace ne ya karu, da ƙurar fadowa cikin engine daki, shi ne da yawa kasa. A canje-canje shafi na waje da kuma a gaban sarari tsakanin fitilolin mota ya zama mafi zamani. Ciki, da inganta taksi bangare, shi aka tashe shi zuwa sama, akwai wani kofa don samun damar ciki. Series samar da wannan model dade zuwa 1964. Total 16 718 da motoci da aka samar.

Lokaci guda tare da saki 695B gyara ya ci gaban da wani sabon model 695E takwas-Silinda engine ZIL-130. Da dama gwaji inji tattara a shekarar 1961, amma a jerin bas tafi a shekarar 1963, tare da kawai 394 kofe aka samar. Tun Afrilu 1964 na'ura sanã'anta a cike da karfi da kuma sakamako har zuwa karshen na farko 1969 tattara 38 415 695E bas, daga abin da 1 346 aka aiko don fitarwa.

External canje-canje a cikin version 695E shãfe da dabaran arches, wanda sun samu wani taso siffar. Daga bas ZIL-158 da aka aro daga cibiya na gaba da raya aksali da birki ganguna. A cikin 695E model na farko amfani elektropnevmatiku ga kofa iko. A kan tushen da version samar 695E bas Laz "The Tourist". Wannan inji shi ne manufa domin dogon tafiye-tafiye.

gabatarwar atomatik gwaje-gwajen

A shekarar 1963, Laz shuka ya samar duk da haka wani canji - 695ZH. A aikin da aka gudanar a kusa da hadin gwiwa tare da mu, wato, da bincike cibiyar na atomatik watsa. A wannan shekarar da aka kaddamar da samar da motoci tare da atomatik watsa. Duk da haka, a kan gaba shekaru biyu, mun gudanar da tattara a total na 40 irin raka'a Laz-695, bi da a saki wani gwaji da samfurin da aka katse.

A ci gaba da wani atomatik watsa baya amfani ga birane bas, LiAZ kerarre a Likino-Dulyovo Moscow yankin.

Na zamani da data kasance model

Halittar sabon gyare-gyare na bas Lviv Automobile ci gaba, da kuma a 1969 birgima kashe Laz-695M. Motar da aka daban-daban daga baya model na zamani irin na windows da kuma style. Tabarau da aka saka a cikin taga bude ba tare da matsakaiciyar aluminum Frames. Yana da aka soke kamfanoni iska ci a kan rufin, maimakon na engine daki a gefe ganuwar sun tsaye slits. Tun 1973, bas da aka kafa kyautata bakuna hur sanyi. A canje-canje shafi shaye tsarin - biyu a hade a cikin wani aure zanen wuya. bas jiki ne da ya fi guntu da 100 mm kuma a tsare nauyi ya karu.

Serial samar da Laz-695M tsawon shekaru bakwai, kuma a lokacin wannan lokaci shi aka saki fiye da 52 dubu bas, 164 na wanda aka aiko don fitarwa.

"Sarki" a cikin iyali Laz da talatin da shekaru gwaninta

A ci gaba da gyara na asali model tare da index zama bas 695N, wanda yana da fadi da Gilashin motan da kuma na sama garkuwa gaba daya hadade gaba da raya kofofin, da kuma sabon gaban mota tare da wani injin gwada sauri da kuma m masu auna sigina. A prototypes da aka gabatar a shekarar 1969, amma a cikin taro samar da wannan model ya tafi kawai a shekarar 1976. Na nuna bas for shekara talatin, har 2006.

Daga baya versions 695N bambanta daga baya sa na lighting, fitilolin mota, kunna sakonni, stopsignalami da sauran haske da na'urorin. A tsarin da aka sanye take da wani babban ƙyanƙyashe a gaban na jiki, a cikin hali na soja janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a da motoci da za a yi amfani da matsayin motar asibiti. A layi daya da 695N version aka saki a kan karamin yawan motocin 695R, halin high ta'aziyya, softer kujeru da kuma shiru biyu kofofin.

gas version

A shekarar 1985, Lviv Bus Shuka gyare-gyare Laz-695NG, wanda gudanar a kan iskar gas da aka saki. Metal cylinders, ya jā da matsin lamba har zuwa 200 atmospheres, sanya a jere a rufin soro, da raya part. A gas shiga reducer, Munã rage matsa lamba, to, gauraye da iska da kuma cakuda sucked a cikin engine. Motocin karkashin alama ce 695NG tsiwirwirinsu shahararsa a shekaru 90, a lokacin da mai rikicin ya barke a cikin ƙasa na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet. Daga rashin man fetur ya shafa da kuma Laz shuka. Ukraine a matsayin dukan ma ji da rashin man fetur, don haka da yawa kai kamfanoni a cikin kasar canjawa wuri su bas a kan gas, wanda aka fi arha fiye da fetur.

Laz kuma nuclear

A cikin bazara na shekara ta 1986, bayan da nuclear hatsari, a cikin nazarinsa na Lviv Automobile gaggawa spetsavtobus Laz-692 da aka halitta a cikin adadin da dama dozin kofe. The inji amfani da su fice mutane daga yankin na kamuwa da cuta da kuma isar zuwa ga kwararru. Bas da aka kare tare da gubar da zanen gado kewayen kewaye, kashi biyu cikin uku na taga, ma, rufe gubar. Rufin spetslyuki aka sanya tsarkake iska. Daga bisani, duk da motoci da cewa halarci a tsiyacewa na hatsari a cikin shuka, kuma a jefa kamar yadda suka kasance m don amfani a al'ada yanayi saboda radiation samu.

dizal injuna

A shekarar 1993, a Lviv ma'aikata a wani gwajin da muka yi kokarin kafa wani bas Laz-695 dizal engine D-6112 daga makamashi-cikakken matafila tarakta T-150. Sakamakon kullum kyau, amma mafi m engine Gudun a kan dizal, an san ta, SMD-2307 (Kharkov shuka "guduma da lauje"). Amma duk da haka gwaje-gwajen da ci gaba, da kuma a 1995 a serial samar aka kaddamar bas Laz-695D sanye take da wani dizal engine D-245 Minsk Motor Shuka.

Dnipro shuka

A shekara daga baya, da aikin da aka halin redesigned, kuma a sakamakon akwai 695D11 version, da ake kira "Tanya".

Gyara samar a kananan batches har 2002, kuma daga shekarar 2003 da aka canjawa wuri zuwa bas taro shuka a Dneprodzerzhinsk. Production nan da nan don kafa wani sabon wuri ba zai yiwu ba, kamar yadda da matakai a kan biyu core, a duban farko, da samar da muhimmanci daban-daban. Ƙato jiki Laz bas ba ko da yaushe shige zuwa cikin tsarin na welders 'Dneprovtsa "da kuma wannan halitta wasu matsaloli. Yana faru har ma da wasu fiye da tsada brands Laz bas, wanda aka tattara a cikin Dneprodzerzhinsk, ko da yake ginawa ingancin da aka a mafi yawan lokuta cikakke. A sakamakon haka, da ma'auni na farashin da ingancin ya baje, da kuma samar da inji fara samun lokacinta.

The search for duniya mafita

Design Office Lviv Automobile nemi zabin ga sabon aukuwa. A kan dukan zamanin da samarwa a Lviv Bus Shuka ƙoƙarin sau da dama ya haifar a duniya Laz, wanda za a iya amfani da biyu a cikin birnin da kuma a kan kasa da kasa hanyoyi. Duk da haka, da ƙayyadaddu na zirga-zirgar fasinja Ba a yarda a yi wannan. A dogon zango flights mutane bukatar ta'aziyya da kuma musamman soothing yanayi a cikin bas. A birane hanyoyi, fasinjoji shiga da kuma barin, da rana da mota ziyarci 'yan ɗari mutane. Saboda haka, kawo tare biyu daura da yanayin da aiki ba zai yiwu ba, da kuma shuka ya ci gaba da nuna dama gyare-gyare lokaci guda.

Laz yau

A yanzu lokaci a kan hanyoyi na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet iya saduwa da Lviv bas shuka kusan dukkan gyare-gyare. Good gyara wuraren cikin samar lokaci, tun shekarar 1955, ya taimaka, wajen ci gaba da yawa daga cikin motoci masu cikin koshin lafiya. Wasu model Laz rabu amfani da ake amfani da karin motocin a daban-daban da masana'antu.

Jikuna da dama suna disassembled marãya - don cire engine da dilapidated shasi. Kudinsa masana'antu na mota na Soviet lokaci, a lokacin da bas fleets aka rubuta kashe, kuma su ƙaddara babu wanda ya sha'awar. A kasuwar tattalin arzikin nuna dokoki, rubuta-kashe inji ne mafi kusantar su fada a hannun masu zaman kansu da masu, da kuma samun wata na biyu rayuwa. Kuma saboda hanya na Motoci samar a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, ya kasance da dogon isa, wannan "na biyu rayuwa" kuma za a iya yi tsawo.

Lviv Bus Shuka da yake faruwa ta hanyar wuya sau, babban injin mai daukar aka tsaya a shekarar 2013, da yawa rassa da alaka da kamfanonin jurewa fatarar aikace-aikace. Daga cikin sakamakon da zai dogara ne a kan wanzuwar Company Laz. Yiwuwa ga m ƙuduri na mawuyacin hali quite pessimistic. Na bayar da muhimmanci ga nasara farfado da kamfanonin da barga siyasa halin da ake ciki a Ukraine, duk da haka, cewa akwai wata tabbata.